航海英语阅读.docx
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航海英语阅读.docx
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航海英语阅读
Merchantshipsaredesignedtocarrycargo.Somearealsodesignedtocarrypassengers.Theycanoperateasliners.Theseareemployedonregularroutesonafixedtimetable.Alistoftheirarrivalanddeparturedatesispublishedinadvanceandtheysailwhetherfullornot.Linerscanbeclassedaseitherdeep-sealinersorshort-sealiners.Theformercarrymainlycontainerizedcargoacrosstheoceansoftheworld;thelatercarrycontainerizedorconventionalcargoonshorterroutes.Ferriesarealsoclassedasliners.Theseofferadailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesacrosschannelsandnarrowseas.Afewshipsarestillemployedaspassengerliners.TheynotonlycarrypassengersbutalsosomecargoonroutesfromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast.Nowadaysthepassengertradeisverysmallandpassengerlinersusuallyoperateascruiseshipsforpartoftheyear.
1.Thedeep-sealiners________.
A.carrymainlycontainerizedcargo
B.carrymainlyconventionalcargo
C.offeradailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehicles
D.sailacrosschannelsandnarrowseas
2.TheLiners________.
A.alwayssailfull
B.sailregularlyevennotfull
C.alwayssailinballast
D.willnotsailifnotfull
3.Alistofthearrivalanddeparturedatesofliners________.
A.willbepublishedweekly
B.willbepublishedwhentheysail,whetherfullornot,fromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast
C.willnotbepublishedeventheysailfullyloaded
D.ispublishedpriortotheirdeparture
4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.
A.thenumberofpassengershipsissmall
B.allpassengershipswillcarrysomecargoinnearfuture
C.itisnotnecessaryforlinerstosailinregulartime
D.containercarriersshouldcarrysomepassengers
Nowadays,mostmerchantshipsarebuilttocarrycargoes.Andtheymainlyoperateastramps.Thesevesselsdonotsailonregularroutesorkeeptoafixedtimetable,butareemployedwherethereiscargoforthemtocarry.Trampscanbeclassedasdeep-seatrampsorshort-seatramps.Anumberareclassedascoasters.Theseplyoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports.Thetraditionaltrampcargoesaredrybulkcargoes,butsomearedesignedtocarrygeneralcargoes.
Alargenumberofmerchantshipsoperateasspecializedvessels.Thesearedesignedtocarryaparticulartypeofcargo.Thereareseveraltypesofspecializedvessel.Themostcommonareoiltankers.Theyareownedbythemajoroilcompaniesorbyindependentoperators.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearechemicalcarriersandliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)carriers
1.Thedeep-seatramps________.
A.carrybulkandgeneralcargoacrossthehighseas
B.arebuilttocarrypassengers
C.aremainlycoasters
D.arespecializedvessel
2.Thecoasters________.
A.alwayssailacrossthehighseas
B.commonlycarryoilcargo
C.aremainlytankers
D.sailoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports
3.TheimportanceofLNGcarriers________.
A.isgrowing
B.isnotmentionedinpassage
C.isdecreasing
D.willbediscussedfurtherifnecessary
4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.
A.thenumberofspecializedvesselsisnotsmall
B.alloiltankerswillcarrysomechemicalsinnearfuture
C.thetrampsandspecializedvesselsarethebasictypeofmerchantships
D.containercarriersshouldnotbeclassedastramps
Cargoshipscanbedividedintotwobasictypes.Onetypecarriesdrycargo,theothercarriesliquidcargo;however,anOBOshipisdesignedtocarryboth.Atraditionaldrycargoshipisthemulti-deckvessel.Herholdsaredividedhorizontallybyoneortwotweendecks,becausethesemakestowageofindividualpackageseasier.Drybulkcargoiscarriedinbulkcarriers.Thesedonothave'tweendecksascargoiscarriedloose.Themostmoderntypeofdrycargocarrieristhecontainership.Theycarrycontainersofstandarddimensions,consequentlystowageiseasier.Fruit,meatanddairyproducearecarriedinrefrigeratedships.Oiltankersarethemostcommontypeofliquidcargocarrier.Theyareoftenverylarge,becausehugequantitiesofoilneedtobetransportedandonelargevesselismoreeconomicaltooperatethantwosmallerones.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearetheliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)carrierandthechemicalcarrier,althoughchemicalcanalsobecarriedindrumsingeneralcargoships.
1.Thereare________typesofliquidbulkcarrier.
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
2.Amulti-deckvesselhas________tweendecks.
A.hasmany
B.no
C.onlyone
D.hasuptotwo
3.Fruit,meatanddairyproducearecarriedin________.
A.containerscarriers
B.traditionalships
C.OBOships
D.refrigeratedships
4.Thetypesofdrycargocarriersmentionedinthepassageare________.
A.tweendeckers,OBOships
B.traditionaldrycargoshipandmulti-deckvessel
C.OBOships,oiltankers,chemicaltankersandLNGcarriers
D.drycargoship,drybulkcargocarrier,containercarriersandrefrigeratedships
3-04
Theaxialthrustofthepropelleristheforceworkinginaforeandaftdirection.Thisforcecausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoastern.Becauseofhershape,ashipwillmoveaheadthroughthewatermoreeasilythangoingastern.
Thetransversethrustisthesidewaysforceofthepropellerasitrotates.Thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewaterisnotstrongenoughtocounteracttheoppositeeffectofthelowerblades.Forright-handedpropellersthiscantstheship'ssterntostarboardandherbowtoport,whentheshipisgoingahead.Theeffectissmallandcanbecorrectedbytherudder.Whentheenginesareputastern,theeffectistheoppositeandthesterncantstoport.Thiseffectisstrongerandcannoteasilybecorrected.Vesselswithleft-handedpropellersbehaveintheoppositeway.
1.Theforcethatcausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoasternisknownas________.
A.axialthrust
B.transversethrust
C.thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewater
D.thetransverseeffectofthelowerbladesofthepropellernearthebottomofthewater
2.Aleft-handedpropellers,whentheshipisgoingahead,willcantship'ssternto________.
A.starboard
B.port
C.tomoveahead
D.moveastern
3.Thetransversethrustofthepropellerisstrongerwhentheshipis________.
A.goingastern
B.goingahead
C.stopped
D.makingnowaythroughthewater
4.Thetransversethrustofthepropellercanmainlybeovercomeby________.
A.therudder
B.thepropelleritself
C.thenauticalinstrument
D.windandtide
TheChiefOfficer,orFirstMateasheisoftencalled,istheMaster'schiefofficerandheadoftheDeckDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecondOfficer(Mate),aThirdOfficer(Mate),andsometimesaFourthOfficer(Mate).SeveralcompaniesemployaFirstOfficeraswellasaChiefOfficer.TheDeckDepartmentalsoincludesaBoatswain(Bosun)andaCarpenter,bothpettyofficers,andanumberofratings.ThesemadeupofAbleSeamen(AB),OrdinarySeamen(OS)andamiddlegradeknownasEfficientDeckHands(EDH).Thereareothergradesofseamen.OnsomeshipsNavigatingCadetsarecarriedfortrainingpurposes.
TheChiefEngineerisheadoftheEngineDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecond,Third,FourthandsometimesFifthEngineer.AnElectricalOfficermayalsobecarried.TheengineroompettyofficersaretheStorekeeperandDonkeyman.OntankersthereisalsoaPumpman.Heisalsoapettyofficer.TheengineroomratingsareFiremenandGreasers.TheremayalsobeEngineerCadets.
TheCateringDepartmentisundertheChiefSteward.Itisdividedintoasaloonandgalleysection.TheformerisheadedbytheSecondSteward,thelatterbytheShip'sCook.Theyarebothusuallypettyofficers.Theyareassistedbyseveralstewardsandcooks,andbyanumberofjuniorratings.
TheRadioDepartmentoftenconsistsofonlyoneman:
theRadioOfficer.Onshipswherecontinuousradiowatchesarekepttheremaybethreeradioofficers:
aChief,SecondandThird.
1.________isnotapettyofficer.
A.Boatswain
B.SecondSteward
C.RadioOfficer
D.Storekeeper
2.EDHisrankwhichishigherthan________.
A.SecondSteward
B.AB
C.OS
D.ChiefEngineer
3.Storekeeperbelongto________.
A.DeckDept
B.EngineDept
C.CateringDept
D.RadioDept
4.Thereare________departmentsonbardabigshipaccordingtothepassage.
A.two
B.three
C.four
D.five
3-06
WhileeveryeffortismadetoensurethatthedataprovidedthroughtheNoticestoMarinersserviceisaccurate,theuserneedstobeawareoftheriskstocorruptionofdata.Itisimportantthattheusershouldonlyusethedataonsuitableequipmentandthat,otherapplicationsshouldnotberunningontheuser'smachineatthesametime.Usersshouldexercisetheirprofessionaljudgementintheuseofdata,andalsoconsulttheMarinersHandbook(NP100)forfurtherdetails.Theuserneedstobeawarethatthereisapossibilitythatdatacouldbecorruptedduringtransmission,orintheprocessofdisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment,orifconvertedtoothersoftwareformats,andisaccordinglyadvisedthattheUKHOcannotacceptresponsibilityforanysuchchange,oranymodificationsorunauthorisedchanges,madebylicensees,orotherparties.
1.Thedatamaybecomecorruptedinanyofthefollowingprocessexcept_______.
A.duringtransmission
B.inthedisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment
C.inconvertingtoothersoftwareformats
D.inairmaildeliverytothereaders
2.Theuserofthedataisadvisedtoconsult_______forfurtherdetails.
A.MarinersHandbook
B.SailingDirections
C.GuidetoPortEntry
D.NoticestoMariners
3.Ofthefollowingitems_______isnotmentionedforwhichUKHOwillacceptnoresponsibility.
A.changeintheprocessofdisplayorpr
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