IELTSmaterials.docx
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IELTSmaterials.docx
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TempleFairinBeijing
Thetemplefair(miàohuì庙会)isakindofsocialactivityinChina.Legendhasitthatitoriginatedinancienttimeswhenpeopleofferedsacrificestothevillagegod,whichlatergraduallyevolvedintoamarketplaceforpeopletoexchangeproductsandaplaceforculturalperformance.TemplefairinoldChinahadauniquestatusinordinarypeople’slife.Itisthetimetoworshipgods,prayfortheblessing.Itisalsoagreattimetohavefun.Allthetraditionalshowswentonatthetemplefairs,talkshows(xiàngsheng相声),bannershows (wǔqí舞旗),kongfushows(wǔshù武术),lionshows(wǔshī舞狮),etc.Itbecameaparadiseforthekids.Fortunatelythiscenturyoldtraditionisstillpreservedtoday.
Thetemplefair,usuallyontheopengroundinornearatemple,isheldonfestiveorspecifieddays.SomeareheldonlyduringtheSpringFestival(chūnjié春节).Althoughdifferentplacesholdtheirtemplefairat variousdates,thecontentsaresimilar.Farmersandmerchantsselltheirfarmproduce,localspecialties,andantiques(gǔwán古玩),jadearticles,flowers,birdsandfish;craftsmensetuptheirstallstoshowandselltheirhandicrafts(shǒugōngyìpǐn手工艺品)andspecialtysnacks(tèsèxiǎochī特色小吃);folkartistsestablishastageforsinging,dance,andquyi(Chinesefolkartformsqǔyì曲艺,includingballadsinging(míngē民歌),story-telling(píngshū评书), comicdialogues(xiǎopǐn小品),clappertalk(kuàibǎn快板),crosstalk(xiàngsheng相声),etc.)performance.Ordinarypeoplecometothetemplefairtobuyandsellgoods,watchtheperformances,andsamplesnacks,givingthetemplefairabustlingatmosphere.
Beijing'stemplefairoriginatedduringtheLiaoDynasty(liàodài辽代916-1125)andcontinuedthroughseveraldynastiesincludingtheYuan(yuándài元代1271-1368),theMing(míngdài明代1368-1644)andtheQing(qīngdài清代1644-1911).Becauseitbeginsaroundthetemple,itiscalledthe'temple'fair.TherewerealwayssomesmalltradersandpeddlerswhosetupvariousstallsoutsidethetempletoearnmoneyfrompeoplewhocametothetempletoburnjosssticksandworshipBuddha.GraduallythetemplefairbecamearegularactivityandisnowalocalfolkcustominBeijing.
ThetemplefairsinBeijingmayroughlybedividedintothreekinds:
Oneisthemonthlytemplefair,duringthelaterperiodofthemonthlytemplefairstheruralfairdevelopswithmanybusinessesandentertainment.ThereisalsoatemporarytemplefairopenedaccordingtoconventionwhenevertherearetraditionalfestivalsorsomethingrelatedtosacrificialofferingactivitiesforBuddhism(fójiào佛教)orTaoism(dàojiào道教).Thecharacteristicofthiskindoftemplefairisthattheyareoftenheldprimarilyforreligiousactivities;however,somecommoditiesandtoyswillbeavailableforpurchase,andfolkentertainersputonperformances.Thethirdkindoftemplefairisformulti-professions.Inthepast,manyprofessionshadacommonpracticeofsacrificingofferingstotheirfounders,onceayear.Generallytheyholdthefaironthebirthdayofthefounderoftheirownprofession.
Now,BeijingholdstemplefaireverySpringFestival.RelativelyfamoustemplefairsarethoseoftheWhiteCloudTemple(báiyúnguān白云观),theAltarofEarth(dìtán地坛),DragonPool(lóngtánhú龙潭湖)andtheTempleofIntense Happiness(lóngfúsì隆福寺).TemplefairsinBeijinghavepreservedmanytraditionalcustoms,suchasridingamonkeytostrollaroundthetemplefairandthrowingcoinsthroughtheholeinthecenterofacoppercoinintheWhiteCloudTemple.Manygoodssoldinthetemplefairhavetypicalnorthernfeatures,suchastoyslikediabolo(kōngzhú空竹),pinwheel(fēngchē风车),knife(dāo刀),spear(qiāng枪),sword(jiàn剑)andhalberd(jǐ戟);bigsugarcoatedhawsonastickandgruelofmilletflourandsugararewidelypopularamongcommonpeople.Variousartisticfolkperformances,richtastysnacksofBeijingandthefolkhandicraftsarethemostattractivepointsofthisfair.Theyangge(yānggē秧歌),stilts(cǎigāoqiāo 踩高跷),landboat(huáhànchuan划旱船),liondance(wǔshī舞狮)allpassbyinfrontofyoureyes;playingthesteelfork,tigerstickshowing,gonganddrumbeating…performingagainandagainforyourenjoyment.Youmayalsobuyclay,bristledfigurines(shuāmáoyǒng刷毛俑),doughfigurines(miànrén面人)andpaper-cuts(jiǎnzhǐ剪纸),whicharecharacteristicoflocalcultureandBeijingcharm.IfyouareluckyyoumayalsofindgenuineChineseantiquesoffinequalityatreasonableprices.
Mid-autumnDayisoneoftheimportanttraditionalfestivalswithbeautifultalesinChina.Onthatday,almosteveryonegetstogetherwithhisorherfamily,eatingmooncakes,chattingandwatchingthemoon.EveryoneisveryhappyontheMid-autumnnight.
WhenIwasyoung,IcouldalwayshaveacheerfulMid-autumnDay.However,asthethingsIshoulddowerebecomingmoreandmore,Igradually(渐渐地)didn’thaveenoughtimetoenjoythefestival.Everytime,Ijuststandonthebalconyandeatamooncake,andthatisallofthefestival!
ThanksgivingDay
ThanksgivingDayisthemosttrulyAmericanofthenationalholidaysintheUnitedStatesand
ismostcloselyconnectedwiththeearliesthistoryofthecountry.
In1620,thesettlerssailedtoAmericaontheMayFlower,seekingaplacewheretheycouldhavefreedomofworship.Afteratempestuous(暴风雨的)two-monthvoyagetheylandedatinicyNovember,whatisnowPlymouth,Massachusetts.Duringtheirfirstwinter,overhalfofthesettlersdiedofstarvationorepidemics.Thosewhosurvivedbegansowinginthefirstspring.Allsummerlongtheywaitedfortheharvestswithgreatanxiety,knowingthattheirlivesandthefutureexistencedependedonthecomingharvest.Finallythefieldsproducedayield(产量)richbeyondexpectations.Andthereforeitwasdecidedthatadayofthanksgivingtothelordbefixed.Yearslater,presidentoftheUnitedStatesclaimedthefourthThursdayofNovemberasThanksgivingDayeveryyear.ThecelebrationofThanksgivingDayhasbeenobservedonthatdateuntiltoday.
Thepatternofthethanksgivingcelebrationhasneverchangedthroughtheyears.Thebigfamilydinnerisplannedmonthsahead.Onthedinnertable,peoplewillfindapples,oranges,chestnuts,walnutsandgrapes.Therewillbeplumpudding,mincepie(碎饼),othervarietiesoffoodandcranberryjuiceandsquash.Thebestandmostattractiveamongthemareroastturkeyandpumpkinpie.TheyhavebeenthemosttraditionalandfavoritefoodonThanksgivingDaythroughouttheyears.
Thanksgivingtodayis,ineverysense,anationalannualholidayonwhichAmericansofallfaithsandbackgroundsjoinintoexpresstheirthanksfortheyear’sbountyandreverentlyaskforcontinuedblessings.
Mid-AutumnFestival
TheMid-AutumnFestivalisoneofthetwomostimportantholidaysintheChinesecalendar(theotherbeingtheChineseLunarNewYear),andisalegalholidayinseveralcountries.ThejoyousMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebratedonthefifteenthdayoftheeighthmoon,aroundthetimeoftheautumnequinox(秋分).Manyrefertoitsimplyasthe"FifteenthoftheEighthMoon".
Thisdaywasalsoconsideredasaharvestfestivalsincefruits,vegetablesandgrainhadbeenharvestedbythistimeandfoodwasabundant.Foodofferingswereplacedonanaltarsetupinthecourtyard.Apples,pears,peaches,grapes,pomegranates(石榴),melons,orangesandpomelos(柚子)mightbeseen.Specialfoodsforthefestivalincludedmooncakes,cookedtaro(芋头)andwatercaltrope(菱角),atypeofwaterchestnutresemblingblackbuffalohorns.
Forgenerations,mooncakeshavebeenmadewithsweetfillingsofnuts,mashedredbeans,lotus-seedpasteorChinesedates(枣子),wrappedinapastry(馅饼皮).Sometimesacookedeggyolkcanbefoundinthemiddleoftherichtastingdessert.Traditionally,thirteenmooncakeswerepiledinapyramidtosymbolizethethirteenmoonsofa"completeyear,"thatis,twelvemoonsplusoneintercalary(闰月的)moon.
Farmerscelebratetheendofthesummerharvestingseasononthisdate.Traditionally,onthisday,Chinesefamilymembersandfriendswillgathertoadmirethebrightmid-autumnharvestmoon,andeatmooncakesandpomeloestogether.Itisalsocommontohavebarbecuesoutsideunderthemoon,andtoputpomelorinds(外壳)onone'shead.Brightlylitlanternsareoftencarriedaroundbychildren.Togetherwiththecelebration,thereappearsomespecialcustomsindifferentpartsofthecountry,suchasburningincense,plantingMid-Autumntrees,lightinglanternsontowers,andfiredragondances.Shopssellingmooncakes,beforethefestival,oftendisplaypicturesofChang'e,floatingtothemoon.Wheneverthefestivalsetsin,peoplewilllookupatthefullsilvermoon,drinkingwinetocelebratetheirhappylifeorthinkingoftheirrelativesandfriendsfarfromhome,andextendingalloftheirbestwishestothem.
StepIII:
discussion
Whydothetwostories,whichcarrysimilarorginhavedifferentwaystocelebrateandhavedifferentinfluencetous
StepVI.Finishthelistaboutthesimilaritiesanddifferencebetweenthetwofestival
StepV:
GettheSstowriteanessayonthedifferencesandsimilaritiesofthetwofestivals
IthinkMid-AutumnDayisanoldtraditionalfestivalinChina.Everybodylikesitbecauseit'safamilyget-together.Youseeitiscalled"Mid-AutumnDay",soitoftencomesinSeptemberorOctober.Itisonthe15thofthe8thofthelunarmonth.Now,let'ssaysomethingaboutthisinterestingfestival.
Firstly,I'dliketosaysomethingaboutthemoon.IlikeitverymuchbecauseIwanttobeanastronautinthefuture.Thatdaythemoonisround,big,justlikeabeautifulplatehangingonthebluecloth.WhenIseethe
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