Analysis of Chinas R.docx
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Analysis of Chinas R.docx
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AnalysisofChinasR
AnalysisofChina’sR&DinvestmentoftheGovernment’sfinancialstatusandinternationalcomparison
First,China’sfinancialR&DinvestmenteveninthissituationResearchanddevelopment(ResearchandDeveloP-ment)investment,isameasureofacountry’stechnologicalcompetitivenessoftheimportantindicatorsofreformandopeningup,China’sfiscalR&Dinvestmentonthescaleoftheoveralltrendwasincreasingyearbyyear,financialyearfortheintensityofR&Dinvestmentincreasing.1978China’sfiscalexpenditureforresearch5.289billionyuan,accountingfor1.46%ofGDP,totalexpenditure(includingdebt),theratioof476%tofinanceR&Dinvestmentin2003reached9.7554trillionyuan,representingtheproportionofeDP.Name3%oftotalexpenditure(includingdebt)ratioof3.50%.26fiscalyearalthoughthetotalamountofR&Dinvestmentgrowthof17floating-fold,buttheR&DspendinginGDPandfinancialexpenditurehasdeclined.China’sgovernmentR&DinvestmentinR&Dinvestmentamongthewholesocietyrosefrom54.9%in1990,declininggovernmentinvestmentin1995,accountingfor5meterfieldto2000theproportionofgovernmentinvestmentwas33.4%,whichisstillonelevel.
Businessestoinvestinthedominantpositionhasbeenmaintained,in2002,corporateR&DinvestmentstillaccountedforthesocialR&Dof57.07%.See,ourgovernment’sR&Dinvestmentisstillinsufficient.FromTable1,wefoundthatfrom1978to2003,China’sfinancialdevelopmentinvestmentwasincreasingtrendinabsoluteterms,inparticular,acceleratedgrowthsince1999,averageannualgrowthrateofabout16%,butitsrelativeamountisindecline,from1978tofiscal2003R&DinvestmenttoGDPfellfrom1.46%to0.83%,theproportionoftotalexpenditurefellfrom4.76%to3.50%,althoughthefinancialR&DinvestmenttoGDPfrom19%begantoincreaseandtheproportionoftotalexpenditurefromthesmalldropisalsosmall,butonthewholeThedownwardtrendisstillveryobvious.
Second,ChinaandtheG-7countries,acomparativeanalysisofgovernmentR&DinvestmentThecurrentworld,theR&D-intensivecountriesinvestmostlytodevelopedcountries,especiallyOECDcountriesintheworldofR&DinvestmentintotalR&Dinvestmentaccountedforalargeproportion,accordingtoUNESCOandtheOECD-relatedstatistics,OECDcountriesshareofglobalR&Dspending80%,andtheOECDcountriesforR&DactivitiesarerelativelyconcentratedintheG-7countries(theUnitedStates,Japan,Germany,France,Britain,ItalyandCanada).2003,30OECDcountriesR&Dinvestmentandman-made$651.209billion,nearly84.5%ofthevoteweredistributedintheG-7countries,theU.S.R&DinvestmentaccountsforallOECDcountries,R&Dtotalinvestmentof43.7%.Inthispaper,mainlyfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofourandG-7countriesfiscalR&Dinvestmentforcomparisonstudies.
1thetotalgovernmentR&Dinvestment.
AccordingoEcDstatisticsto1971comparedto2000,theU.S.federalgovernmentfundingforR&Dinvestmentto6%billiondollars,of$15.2billionin1971,anincreaseof3.6timestheJapanesegovernment’sR&Dinvestmentandhuman3.5408trillionyen,1971,447.4billionyencomparedwithanincreaseof7timestheGermangovernment’sR&Dexpendituresasaclever900millioneuros,comparedwith4.1billioneurosin1971increasedby2.9timestheFrenchgovernment’sR&Dexpendituresof765billionFrenchfrancs,comparedwith106in1971billionFrenchfrancsincreased6.2times.BritishGovernment’sR&Dexpendituresof50.7millionpounds,comparedto6.7millionpoundsin1972increased6.6times.2003UnitedStatesFederalGovernmentinvestmentinscienceandtechnologyreachedrecordlevelsof$112.047billion,morethanin2002$8.897billion,anincreaseof8.6%,accountingfor5.2%oftotalgovernmentbudget,equivalentto1%ofGDPinfiscalyear2003.U.S.federalgovernmentR&DinvestmentthantherestofG-7morethanthesumofthesixcountries(Japan,Germany,France,Britain,ItalyandCanadawere194.47,17369,14579,83_83,83.14,63.23billion),whileChina2003governmentR&Dinvestmentandhuman117%billion,only10.5%oftheUnitedStates.
2GovernmentR&Dinvestmentratiooftotalexpenditure.
In2002theU.S.federalgovernmentR&Dinvestmentaccountedfor0.99%ofGDPfiscalyear,Japan0.71%,Germany0.79%,France1.03%,UK..77%,Italy69%warehouse,59%ofCanadainstrument.In2003theU.S.federalgovernmentscienceandtechnologyinvestmentrecordhigh,accountingfor5.2%ofthetotalbudgetforthefiscalyear1%ofGDP.reformandopeningup.China’snationalfinancialallocationsfromthestatefinancialexpenditureratiodeclinedsince1984,China’sfiscal2000R&Dinvestmentintotalexpenditure(includingdebt)ratioof3.28%,arecordlowfrom2001recoveredslightlyin2003comparedto3.50%(seeTable1).
3GovernmentR&DinvestmentinthegrossdomesticR&Dinvestmentratio.
G-7countriesinrecentyears,governmentresearchinvestmentaccountsfortheproportionofdomesticR&Dinvestmenthasbeendeclining.AtpresentthedevelopmentposemajorcountriesinvariousactivitiesofthemainR&Dthan
Example,thebasicformisabusinessaccountedfor2,thegovernmentaccountedforabout1/3ofthepattern.2000UnitedStatesFederalGovernmentR&DinvestmentintotalgrossdomesticR&Dratioof27.1%,Japan21.7%,Germany32.1%,France38.7%,UK28.9%,whichisduetonationalinvestmentinscienceandtechnologyindustryincreasedrapidly,whiletherelativeproportionofgovernmentisreduced.Also,theGovernment’sinvestmentinnationaldefensescienceandtechnologyfundsshareofthereductionalsomakesitdeclineintheproportion,whilefinancialsources,intothe1990s,thedominantpositionofU.S.businessinvestmenthasbeenfullyestablishedin2002,U.S.companiesinvested66.2%,thefederalgovernmentonly287%,theChinesegovernmentin2000to33.4R&Dinvestmentandhuman%higherthantheaverageG-7countries(seeTable2).
4GovernmentR&DinvestmenttoGDPratio.
AccordingtoOECDstatistics,indevelopedcountries,corporateinvestmentinR&DAlthoughamajorsourceoffunding,butthegovernmentR&Dinvestmentstillaccountsfor0.5ofGDPtoabout8%a.2000U.S.federalgovernmentinvestmentinR&DspendingaccountedforproportionofGDP,73%livedinJapanto69%,Germany0.79%,France0.83%,0.54%UnitedKingdom,Chinafrom1987to1%orless,ithasbeeninlivinghoveringaround5%,andto1996asadividingpoint,experiencedariseafterthefirstdropprocessdatashowthatsincethe20thcentury,80years,G-7countries,governmentfundingofR&DinvestmenttoGDPchangedlittle,risingonlyslightlyinJapan,ChinaSince1996,alsoaslightupwardtrend,reachedin2003.were3%.
5GovernmentR&Dinvestmentflows.
GovernmentsR&Dinvestmentfromthefieldofview,basicresearchandinnovationcapacitybuildingrelatedtoresearchintothepriorityareasofgovernmentinvestment,investmentinscienceandtechnologyamonggovernments,basicresearchhasremainedat10%ormoreofHealth,healthcaresocialwelfareandenvironmentalstudiestobecomethefocusofgovernmentinvestmentinscienceandtechnologyareas.OECDR&Dinvestmentamongthenationalgovernment,healthcareandenvironmentalprotectioninbothareasincreasedyearbyyeartheproportionof.2003U.S.governmenthealthcareR&Dinvestmentof$26.2billion,accountingfor55.7%ofcivilianR&Dexpenditures;2001,theJapanesegovernmentbudgetforinvestmentinscienceandtechnology,lifesciencesinvestmentincreasedby16.7%,increaseinvestmentinenvironmentalscience187%.Inaddition,thetechnologyinfrastructureforgovernmentinvestmentinscienceandtechnologycontinuetostrengthenthefieldofinvestment,whilegovernmentinvestmentindefenseR&Dsincethemid-1980sbegantograduallydecline,buttheU.S.government’sDefenseR&Dinvestmentarestillhigherthanotherareas,inthetotalU.S.R&Dfunding,halformorethanhalfforthedefense.ourgovernment’sR&Dinvestmentmainlyforthe科技三项费use,andinvestmentinresearchinfrastructurecostsverylittle.2003statefinancialexpenditureforresearch,scienceandtechnologythreecostsaccountedfor42.7%,operatingexpensesaccountedforScience30.8Ok,researchandinfrastructurecostsaccountfor11.4%o
Third,theconclusionsandrecommendationsPracticehasprovedthatscienceandtechnologyistoenhancenationalcompetitiveness,thekeyfactorinpromotingeconomicgrowth,andsufficientresearchfundingistodevelopscienceandtechnologytoensurethenecessaryconditionsforpromotingeconomicgrowth,oneoftheimportantinrecentyearsgovernmentshaveincreasinglyinvestmentinresearchanddevelopmentofnationalscientificandtechnologicalstrengthandeconomicgrowthoftheimportanceofnationalgovernmentfundingforR&Dinvestmentfinancemoreandmore,especiallygiventheU.S.federalgovernmentinvestmentinR&Daccountedforbothabsoluteandpercentageoftotalgovernmentfundingthatareveryhigh,withtheUnitedStatesisdirectlyconnectedtothenationaldevelopmentstrategythroughG-7countries,withmorefound,G-7countries,governmentresearchinvestmentisthroughsuchacourseofdevelopmentofhightolow.andthegovernmentondefenseR&Dinvestmentisalsodeclining,butstillnotlowproportionwiththeG-7countries,alth
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