最新英语全国卷阅读理解详解.docx
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最新英语全国卷阅读理解详解.docx
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最新英语全国卷阅读理解详解
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语(阅读理解)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Washington,D.C.BicycleTours
CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
Duration:
3hours
Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability–andthecherryblossoms–disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(4miles)
JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
Duration:
3hours
MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(7miles)
JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.
C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.
22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?
A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.
C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?
A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.
C.Meals.D.Safetylights.
解析:
本篇文章讲的是华盛顿举办的几个自行车骑行活动,内容较简单。
21.A.细节理解题。
原文中Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability对应题目中的bookinadvance。
出题人喜欢将原文中的内容进行同义词或者同义句的替换,这一点考生要多加注意。
22.D.细节理解题。
根据设问快速定位其在原文中的位置,进行简单排除即可得出答案。
KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents…
23.D.细节理解题。
由设问中的atnight定位到WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour,然后由Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights得出答案。
B
GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.
InSaveMoney:
GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.
“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”
Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:
GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:
GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.
Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?
A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.
C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.
25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?
A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.
C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.
26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?
A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.
C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDiet
C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess
解析:
本文是关于SusannaReid所创办的一个新的节目SaveMoney:
GoodFood的介绍,教人们在日常生活中怎样用最少的钱做出美味的食物,CookingWellforLess,文章难度不大。
24.B.推理判断题。
文章中sheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.还有后文中的Theeight-partseries都可以推出SusannaReid开办了一个新的电视节目。
25.C.细节理解题。
InSaveMoney:
GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste…可知MattTebbutt的作用是给SusannaReid提供建议。
26.C.推理判断题。
定位到第四段…followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:
GoodHealth可知,这一段主要讲的是这档节目的灵感来源,所以答案选C.
27.D.主旨大意题。
本文主要是对SaveMoney:
GoodFood这档节目的介绍,文章第一段showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget说明了这档节目的目的,所以D选项正是对这句话的最好诠释。
C
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?
A.Complex.B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.D.Modern.
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
A.About6,800.B.About3,400.
C.About2,400.D.About1,200.
31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.
B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.
C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
解析:
本文主要讲的是随着人类的发展,语言的种类却越来越少,很多语言已经灭绝或者濒临灭绝,这是全球化和工业化带来的副作用需要引起我们的重视。
28.B.推理判断题。
本题的答案主要出自第一段,只要认真研读,进行简单的排除,答案不难选出。
Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.这句话是答案的出处。
29.C.词义猜测题。
词语出自第二段。
Dominant这个词应该是比较常见的,只要考生平时注意词汇积累这个词应该能认识,所以我们在平时的英语学习中一定要注意词汇的积累。
假如不认识的话,后边的例子中例举了English,SpanishandChinese还有词组takeover这些线索都可以帮助我们来猜测词义。
30.B推理判断题。
答案出自第三段Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.结合前面的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.这两句话就可以把答案推出来,6800和half是关键词。
31.C.主旨大意题。
本篇文章结构清晰,第一段是总领全文,提出观点inrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing。
第二段是解释原因,第三段是对现状的介绍,第四段是举例子。
所以答案很容易选出。
本篇文章考生可以注意出题人的出题范围,前三题分别出自前三段,第四题是对全文的考查,这也是出题人出题的一个暗含的线索,考生应该多加关注。
D
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife–fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsinceth
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