人教版高一下学期英语期中考试试题解析版.docx
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人教版高一下学期英语期中考试试题解析版.docx
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人教版高一下学期英语期中考试试题解析版
中牟县2018—2019学年下学期期中考试
高中一年级英语试题
本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷包括第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节,第Ⅱ卷包括第三部分的第二节和第四部分。
考试时间120分钟,满分150分(听力成绩不计入总分)。
考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息,然后在答题卡上作答,在试卷上作答无效。
交卷时只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力(略)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?
Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?
”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.
Let’sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle(角度)theboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.
Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboatInthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap(摆动).Itshouldn’tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.
Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry
thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.
1.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?
A.Wavelevels.B.Sizeofsails.
C.Sailors’strength.D.Winddirections.
2.Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto?
A.Theboat.B.Thewind.
C.Thesail.D.Theangle.
3.Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?
A.Tacktheboat.B.Lowerthesail.
C.Moveinastraightline.D.Allowthesailtoflap.
4.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?
A.Inaphysicstextbook.B.Inatouristguidebook.
C.Inapopularmagazine.D.Inanofficialreport.
【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识,进行帆船运动必须掌握风向,风向决定着帆船的运动速度。
后文分别就顺风行驶、侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第二段中的First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?
Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?
(首先,你必须问自己,“风是从哪里来的?
”它是从前面、后面还是侧面来的?
)由此可知,航行时你首先应该考虑风向。
故选D。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。
根据第三段Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboatInthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.(如果风是从侧面吹过来的,在这种情况下,它是吹过船的,你必须让帆保持在船的一半之外。
它应该和船成45度角。
)可知划线词it所在的句子意思是为了获得风,船帆需要伸的足够远。
it指代上文提到的thesail。
故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段中的Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.(这是可能的,但你不能走直线。
你必须先往一个方向走,然后再往另一个方向走。
这就是所谓的“改变船的航向”。
)由此可知,逆风航行时,你必须改变船的航向。
故选A。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第一段Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.(你可能认为帆船运动很难,但其实学起来并不难。
)结合全文内容,可知这篇文章主要讲了帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动,因此,本文很可能从流行杂志中节选。
故选C。
B
HongKongisamongthecitieswhichhavethelargestpopulationsintheworld
butwithnightskiesaround1,000timesbrighterthangloballyacceptedlevels,itgainsabadreputation(名声)foritslightpollution.
AstudybyHongKongUniversityfoundthatbrightnesslevelsinthesouthernChinesecity'spopularshoppingdistrictofTsimShaTsuiwere1,200timesgreaterthantheinternationaldarkskystandard.
Thecrowdedcityof7millionpeople,fullofresidential(住宅的)high-rises,toweringofficeblocksandneon(霓虹灯)advertisementshasnolawstocontroloutdoorlightning.
Theresultisthatlightpollutionisthoughttobemuchworsethaninotherlargecities,includingLondon,Sydney,TokyoandShanghai.
“InHongKong,youcan'tgoanywhereoutdoorintheeveningwithoutyoureyesbeingblindedbythisreallyupsettingoutdoorlightning,”thelightpollutionsurvey'sheadJasonPumtoldAFP.
“Thefactthatwehaveallthislightintheskymeansenergyiswasted,”hesaid,addingthattoomuchartificiallightningalsoaffectsnightlywildlife.
Researchhassuggestedthatlightpollutioncancauseanumberofharmfulhealthproblemsinhumans,includingsleeplessnessandheadachesandcanalsoaffectbodyclocksandhormones(荷尔蒙).
Theuniversity'ssurvey,theresultoffivemillionmeasurementstakenfrompointsacrossthecity,wasreleasedjustdaysbeforethestartoftheyearlyEarthHourevent,organizedbytheWorldWildlifeFund.
PeoplearoundtheworldwillbeencouragedtoturnoffthelightsforanhouronSaturdaynighttoadvertiseclimatechange.Lastyear,anumberofHongKong'smajorbuildingsalongVictoriaHarbourwentdarktomarkEarthHour.
“Anyway,weshoulddoourbesttoreducetheamountoflightningandsuitittothebenefitoftheenvironment.”
5.IfyouwalkoutatnightinHongKong,youcanseeallthosethingsexcept______.
A.neonadvertisementsB.residentialbuildings
C.adarkskywithmanystarsD.highofficeblocks
6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoomuchlightningisNOTtrue?
A.Toomuchlightningmeanswastingenergy.B.Itcanmakethecitymorebeautifulatnight.
C.Itmayhaveabadeffectonnightlywildlife.D.Itcandogreatharmtohumanbeings'health.
7.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat__________
A.EarthHourissimplyorganizedtoreducepollution.B.lightpollutionisthebiggestprobleminHongKong.
C.lightpollutionistheprimarycausesofsleeplessness.D.lightpollutioninHongKongisamongworld'sworst.
8.Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussafterthelastparagraph?
A.WaystoreducelightpollutionB.Causesoflightpollution
C.WorriesaboutlightpollutionD.Badeffectsoflightpollution
【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文,香港是世界上人口最多的城市之一,但是光污染非常严重,给人们已经环境都带来了严重的问题,所以应该提倡地球一小时来减少光污染。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第三段的“Thecrowdedcityof7millionresidents(居民),fullorresidentialhigh-rises,toweringofficeblocksandneon(霓虹灯)advertisements,hasnolawstocontroloutdoorlightning.”可以看出,这个七百万居民的拥护城市,到处都是高耸的办公大楼,霓虹灯广告,没有去控制外面闪烁的这些灯光的法律。
到处都是灯光,所以可以推出,在香港的夜空是看不到有星星的黑暗天空。
故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第六段的“Thefactthatwehaveallthislightintheskymeansenergyiswasted.”可知,在天空中存在的这些灯光是能源上的浪费,故A是正确的;另外“addingthattoomuchartificiallightningalsoaffectsnightlywildlife.”可以看出,太多的人靠光也会影响野生的动植物,故C是正确的;又因第七段的“Researchhassuggestedthatlightpollutioncancauseanumberofharmfulhealtheffectsinhumans”可知,研究显示,光污染也导致了大量的对人体产生危害的因素,故D是正确的;而B选项Itcanmakethecitymorebeautifulatnight.是来说使城市在夜间更加美丽,是与全文相悖的,因此是错误的选项,故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第一段的“HongKongisoneofthemostdenselypopulated(人口密集的)citiesintheworld,butwithnightskiesaround1,000timesbrighterthangloballyacceptedlevels,itgainsabadreputationforitslightpollution.”意思为:
香港是世界上人口最密集的城市之一,但是这个城市晚上的亮光是世界可接受水平的1000倍,它得到了一个光污染的坏名声。
根据第四段Theresultisthatlightpollutionisthoughttobemuchworsethaninotherlargecities,includingLondon,Sydney,TokyoandShanghai.其结果是,人们认为光污染比伦敦、悉尼、东京和上海等其他大城市严重得多。
所以可以看出,香港的光污染是世界上最严重的,故选D。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。
根据最后一段的“Anyway,weshoulddoourbesttoreducetheamountoflightningandadjustitforthebenefitoftheenvironment.”可知,无论如何,我们都应尽我们最大的努力去减少光污染,使之有利于我们的环境。
由此判断出下文应该告诉我们减少污染的具体的方法是什么,故选A。
C
ReportstellusthatAmericansworkmoreandvacationlessthanpeopleinothermajordevelopedcountries.StillmillionsofAmericansdotrytogetawayfromhomeforaweekortwointhesummermonths.Somemightevenhavethetimeandmoneytospendlongeronvacation.
Forexample,manyretired(退休的)AmericanscanbefounddrivingaroundtheUnitedStatesinbigrecreationalvehicles,knownasR.V's.Theseserveasahomeawayfromhome.Infact,Itmightevenbetheironlyhomeastheyseethecountry.
SomeAmericanfamiliesgetintheircarsanddrivetohistoricplaceslikeColonialWilliamsburginVirginia.There,theycanexperiencewhatlifewaslikeforearlyAmericans.Ifthatisnotexcitingenough,alsoinWilliamsburgisawaterparkandanamusementparkwithrides.
OtherAmericansvisitnationalparkslikeYellowstoneorYosemiteoutintheWest.Theywanttospendtimewithnature.Ortheytaketheirvacationbyalakeortheocean.Theymightswimorfish.Butmanyjustwanttositandenjoythefeelingofdoingnothing,exceptmaybereadingabook.
Somefamiliesflytoothercountriesonvacation.Ortheygoonacruiseshipandstopindifferentports.Cruiseshipsarelikefloatingcities.
Butnoteveryonegoessomeplacespecialonvacation.Thismightbetheonlytimeforpeopletoworkonthingslikehomeimprovementprojects.Andwhiletheydothat,theymightthinkofallthefuntheirfriendsarehaving.
9.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.NotallAmericanstakesummervacations.
B.Americansenjoymoreworkandlessvocation.
C.WhereAmericansgoontheirsummervacations.
D.Differentplaceshavedifferentsummervacations.
10.Ifyouwanttospendtimewithnature,youcandothefollowingthingsexcept______.
A.tovisithistoricplacesB.toseethecountry
C.tostaybyalakeD.tovisitnationalparks
11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Peoplechoosedifferentplacesdependingondifferentinterests.
B.Allthepeoplejustdonothingbutrelaxthemselvesforvacations.
C.NotallAmericanscanaffordtimeandmoneytogoonavacation.
D.PeopleinterestedinhistorycanhavefuninColonialWilliamsburg.
12.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceofthepassagemean?
A.Theythinkoftheirworkathomeasaspecialkindofvacation.
B.Theycanimaginewhatfuntheirfriendsarehavingonvacation.
C.Theyfully
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