英语中介词的用法.docx
- 文档编号:24531881
- 上传时间:2023-05-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:22
- 大小:32.04KB
英语中介词的用法.docx
《英语中介词的用法.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语中介词的用法.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语中介词的用法
介词的用法
一、表示时间日期的介词
1. at:
主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点
at the corner of the street,at dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a dozen,come at us
固定搭配:
at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport, at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time, at present,at any time,表示原因,表示“见/闻……而〞。
at the news at 主要表示时间点
表示特定的时间 at night a.m. 在九点钟 表示不确定的时间 at night, at that time, at Christmas在圣诞期间 当天 on
表示年龄段 at the age of eight 在8岁
2. in:
表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。
主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century 形成“in+时段名词〞的词组或固定搭配
in those days,in the daytime,in a short while,in no time,in time .in 主要表示时间段
一般指相对较长的时间段里 in the morning, in spring, in the past ten years 在…时间之后,用于将来时 He will be back in a month. 介词in在短语或句型中的省略:
1) 某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。
be busy (in) doing be engaged (in) doing 〔忙于……〕
2) 某些动词如busy等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。
busy oneself (in) doing
3) 某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。
spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing
4) 在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中介词也可以省略。
5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中,介词也可省略。
固定搭配:
in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink,in short,in public, in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air
3. on:
主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉与的方面、表示某天。
固定搭配:
on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,on the right/ left,on fire,on duty,on sale,on the radio, on show,on earth,on one’s own 注意:
一般带有XX色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。
一般的节日名词前用on。
on 主要指具体某一天
表示是具体的日期和星期 on Monday, on October 1st,1949. on my birthday
某一天特定的上午下午或半夜 on the night of December 31,1999. on a fine day
在第几天 on her first day to school, on the tenth day I was in Beijing.
4. by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。
固定搭配:
by the village, by oneself,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart,
二、表示地点,方位的介词
5. for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以与时间和距离的长度。
固定搭配:
make sth. for sb., thank sb. for sth., for example, for sale,for free, for 表示一段时间
表示一件事延续的长短,一般接具体的时间 I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years.
6. of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。
of所有格表示的多种关系:
1〕 从属关系:
the wheel of the car
2〕 局部----整体关系:
some of the water
3〕 量化关系:
a cup of tea
4〕 描述关系:
a professor of learning〔知识丰富的教授〕
5〕 同位关系:
the city of Beijing
6〕 动宾关系:
the study of the map〔研究地图〕
7〕 主谓关系:
the determination of the workers〔工人们的决心〕
固定搭配:
be fond of,make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,instead of,
7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。
固定搭配to one’s surprise / joy/ astonishment,to the east of,key to…,come up to,add up to,be open to the public, thanks to, stick to,refer to
8.during 表示一段时间
在…期间内,强调在此期间内发生了什么事y
I studied in this university for 4 years, during that time most of my time was spent in learning English. 可接表示时间延续一段时间的名词 during my visit to China, during my holiday
9.from 与to, till连用
Most people work from nine to five. 多数人过着朝九晚五的生活
10.since,since+时间点 从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用
He has been here since last Sunday. 自从上星期天起,她就在这里
四、 容易错、常考的介词与搭配
1. be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in
2. call on = visit,call for = go and pick up
3. on business 〔出差〕/ strike〔〕罢工 / duty〔值日〕 / holiday / fire / vacation / watch〔警戒〕 / sale〔出售〕 / leave〔请假〕 / guard〔警戒〕
4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.,have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth.
5. A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A〔对……感到满意〕
7. with the help of,under the leadership of
8. by means of〔使用〕,by way of〔经由〕,by heart〔记住〕,by the way
9. out of question〔毫无疑问〕,out of the question〔毫不可能〕
10. prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth.
11. be thankful to sb. for sth.
12. steal sth. from sb.,rob sb. of sth.
13. insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,stick to,go on doing sth.
14. set about doing sth.,set out to do sth.
15. look sb. in the face,hit sb. on the face,lead the cow by the nose
16. do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour
五、 介词的惯用型
1. above all〔首先〕,after all,at all〔全然〕,in all
2. day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another
3. at peace〔和平〕,at war〔战争〕,at times〔时常〕,at dinner
4. by oneself,by all means〔尽一切办法、务必〕,by chance,by accident, by no means〔决不、并没有〕,by means of〔用、依靠〕 ,by the way
5. in her teens〔十几岁〕,in pain,in danger,in need
6. to one’s joy / sorrow / surprise
7. with care〔仔细地〕,with joy / pleasure〔高兴地〕,with one’s help, with the best wishes〔致以我们良好的祝愿〕,without difficulty〔毫不困难地〕,without exception〔毫不例外〕,without delay〔立即、马上〕
8. according to〔依据〕,along with〔和……一起〕,as to〔至于……〕,because of,except for〔除……之外〕,instead of〔代替〕
9. out of order〔不正常〕,out of date,out of trouble〔脱离困境〕,out of sight, out of debt〔还清了债务〕,out of touch〔没有联系〕
10. at the bottom of,at the centre of,at the end of,at the top of,
at the cost of〔以……为代价〕at the sight of,at the thought of,at a speed of
11. in memory of〔纪念〕,in favour of〔同意〕,in the habit of〔有……习惯〕,in touch with〔与……保持联系〕,on the left of,on the eve of〔在……前夕〕 2. from time to time〔不时地〕, from day to day〔天天〕, from hand to hand〔一个传一个〕,from side to side〔左右地〕,from car to car〔一个车厢一个车厢地〕,from bad to worse〔越来越差〕,from beginning to end〔从头到尾〕,from hand to mouth〔仅能糊口〕,from head to foot,from start to finish,from one to another
六.掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法
1〕in +文字、语言、材料名词
in English (ink, pencil, capital letters) write in pen, 用钢笔写 speak in a low voice 小声说话
2〕 with +工具、机器;人体器官;情绪、情感、态度的名词 with a branch, with one’s nose, with pride, with satisfaction, with the help of, with one’s permission
We can see with our eyes and write with our hands.
I killed a fly with a fly flap. 我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇 3〕 by 表示泛指的方式、手段
by bus, by land, by means of〔用……方法〕, by way of〔经由〕 , by doing sth., by hand〔手工〕, by post〔由邮局传递〕, by letter〔用写信的方式〕, by electricity, by hard work, by the year, by the hour〔by + the + 单位名词〕 按……
4〕 其它表示方式〔情况、状况、手段〕的表示法
through the radio / by radio / on the radio, through / by / from practice,
by telephone (on the telephone), on foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in comfort, in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,
in anger, in safety, in debt, in good order, in good / poor health, in tears, in use, in pain,
七、 注意:
某些名词和介词的固定搭配
1〕 要求to:
key, answer, visit, apology, introduction 以to为中心构成短语的归纳
belong to, come to〔苏醒〕, look forward to, lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to〔为……干杯〕, object to〔反对〕, reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance to the music〔和着……在……声中唱/跳〕, devote oneself to
2〕 要求in:
interest, satisfaction 3〕以for为中心构成短语的归纳
ask for, call for〔去接某人〕, care for〔关心〕, go in for〔从事〕, answer for〔对……负责〕, send for, pay for, praise sb. for〔赞扬某人某事〕, head for〔向……方向移动〕, search for, take … for …〔误以为〕, leave for, prepare for〔为……准备〕, thank sb. for, make a dive for〔向……猛冲〕, make up for〔弥补……损失〕 4〕以on为中心构成短语的归纳
come on来吧, call on拜访, pass on传递, carry on进行下去, live on sth.靠……生活, depend on依靠, have on穿着, have pity on同情, look on … as …把……看作, push on推动, spy on窥探, switch / turn on旋开, wait on服侍, walk on继续走, spend…on …在……上花费时间、金钱, operate on给……动手术, take on a new look呈现新面貌
八、 某些形容词和介词的固定搭配
1〕 be afraid of 担心 be afraid for替……而担心
2〕 be angry about / at sth.因……而生气 be angry with sb.对……某人发怒
3〕 be anxious for sth.渴望 be anxious about sth. / sb.担心
4〕 be different from 与……不同 be indifferent to … ……不关心
5〕 be good at …擅长 be good for …对……有益 be good of sb. to do sth.友好
6〕 be strict with sb.对……严格 be strict in sth.
7〕 be popular with sb.受到……欢迎 be popular in some place流行在 ……be popular for因……而流行
8〕 be pleased with + n.或what从句;be pleased at +抽象名词 听、看到而高兴
9〕 be disappointed at sth. ;be disappointed with sb.对……失望
10〕 be known to sb. ;be known with + n.或从句 ;be known for因……而著名
11〕 be absent from缺席
12〕 be devoted to …献身于……
13〕 be open to …对……开放
14〕 be poor / clever / expert at …
15〕 be sorry for …替/为……后悔
16〕 be rich in … be interested in …
17〕 be proud of (take pride in)
18〕 be satisfied with / by … be sure of / about …
19〕 be fond of, be fit for, be busy with sth. (in doing sth.) 20〕 be late for, be ready for
21〕 be similar to … ;be wrong with …
九、吊尾介词
1〕 某些形容词后接不与物动词或“V+介〞型短语动词的不定式形式表“反射〞,常用吊尾介词。
A) fit, easy, hard, good, difficult, comfortable, heavy等形容后,常用吊尾介词。
e.g. The girl is easy to get along with.
B) be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done, want / require / need doing表反射,常用吊尾介词。
e.g. The problem is worth dealing with. The book is worthy of being referred to.
2〕 不与物动词的不定式修饰表“涉与对象、场所、工具、手段、方式、材料等〞意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。
e.g. There is nothing for us to worry about. a room to live in
3〕 定语从句中,先行词被一个不与物动词所修饰,则不与物动词后要带介词,先行词被“V+介〞组成的短语动词所修饰,介词常在句尾。
e.g. He is the very man I just spoke to. This is the life he is used to.
4〕 以what,whose,who,whatever等引导的宾语从句、表语从句中常出现“吊尾介词〞。
e.g. I don’t know what you do it for.
5〕 强调句型和特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更,常出现吊尾介词。
在上下文意义清楚时,特殊疑问句常用省简结构。
e.g. It is the poor boy that we gave the books to.
What for?
〔为什么?
〕Where to?
〔去哪儿?
〕Who with?
〔和谁去?
〕
6〕 被动语态中“V+介〞短语常用吊尾介词。
e.g. He was listened to come here. He has never been spoken to in this way. 十常用介词辨异
1. about, on, of 关于
on多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。
常见于“学术上〞的“论文〞或“演说〞等题目,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读,有“论与〞之意。
about表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式,有“述与〞之意。
of作“关于〞讲,表示提与、涉与某人〔事〕时,只表示事情存在或发生,并不涉与详情;有时与about意义相近,但有时意义很不同,常与动词know、hear、learn〔听说〕、speak、talk、think、tell等连用。
2. at, on, in(表时间) :
at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子
A. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。
如:
at five o’clock 〔五点〕,at down 〔黎明〕,at daybreak 〔天亮〕,at sunrise 〔日 出〕, at noon 〔中午〕,at sunset 〔日落〕,at midnight 〔半夜〕,at the beginning of the month 〔月初〕, at that time 〔那时〕,at that moment 〔那会儿〕,at this time of day 〔在一天的这个时候〕。
B. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。
如:
in 2006〔20XX〕,in May,2004 〔20XX五月〕,in the morning 〔早晨/上午〕,in the afternoon 〔下午〕,in the evening 〔晚上〕,in the night 〔夜晚〕,in the daytime 〔白天〕,in the 21st century 〔21世纪〕,in three days 〔weeks/month〕三天〔周/个月〕,in a week 〔一周〕,in spring 〔春季〕。
C. on后跟某日,星期几,某日的朝夕,节日等,即具体某一天极其早\中、晚.
on Sunday 〔星期日〕,on a warm morning in April 〔四月的一个温暖的上午〕,on a December night 〔12月的一个夜晚〕,on that a
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 介词 用法