管理会计第五版英文版课后题答案第二章.docx
- 文档编号:24518455
- 上传时间:2023-05-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:44
- 大小:168.52KB
管理会计第五版英文版课后题答案第二章.docx
《管理会计第五版英文版课后题答案第二章.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《管理会计第五版英文版课后题答案第二章.docx(44页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
管理会计第五版英文版课后题答案第二章
Chapter2
CostManagement
ConceptsandCostBehavior
QUESTIONS
2-1Costinformationisusedindecidingwhethertointroduceanewproductordiscontinueanexistingproduct(giventhepriceandcoststructure),assessingtheefficiencyofaparticularoperation,andbudgeting.Costinformationisalsousedforthevaluationofinventoryandcostofgoodssold.
2-2Differenttypesofcostinformationareneededfordifferentmanagerialpurposesanddecisions.Forexample,productcostinformationisusedforproductmixandpricingdecisions.Thecostofservingcustomersegmentswillincludethecostofactivitiesthatsupportcustomerservice.Formanagementcontrolpurposes,anorganizationmaycompareactualcoststobudgeted(standard)costs.
2-3Acostobjectissomethingforwhichitisdesiredtocomputeacost.Examplesofcostobjectsincludeaproduct,aproductline,oranorganizationalunitsuchasthecallcenterthatrespondstocustomers’phonecalls.
2-4Adirectcostisacostofaresourceoractivitythatisacquiredfororusedbyasinglecostobjectandiseasilytracedtothecostobject,suchasaproductmanufacturedorservicerendered.Anindirectcostisthecostofaresourcethatwasacquiredtobeusedbymorethanonecostobject.Indirectcostscannotbeeasilyidentifiedwithindividualcostobjects.
2-5Variablecostsarethecostsofvariableresources,whosecostsareproportionaltotheamountoftheresourceused.Fixedcostsarethecostsofcapacity-relatedresources,whichareacquiredandpaidforinadvanceofwhentheworkisdone.Fixedcostsdependonhowmuchoftheresource(capacity)isacquired,ratherthanonhowmuchisused.Depreciationonmachineryisanexampleofafixedcost.
2-6Variablecostscanbedirectorindirect.Forexample,supposethecostobjectisapassengeronanairplane.Thecostofcomplimentaryrefreshmentsvariesinproportiontothenumberofpassengers,andisadirectvariablecost.Thecostoffuelvarieswiththenumberofflights(andperhapstoasmallextentwithrespectthetotalweightofthepassengersandtheirluggage,whichisrelatedtothenumberofpassengers).Thecostofthefuelthatvarieswiththenumberofflightsisanindirectvariablecost.
Insomecases,directvariablecostsmaybetreatedasindirectcostsifitisinconvenienttoaccountforthemasdirectcostsandthecostisonlyasmallpartoftotalcosts.Costsformaterialssuchasglueorthread,forexample,arevariablecostswithrespecttoproductsbutaregenerallyaverysmallpartofproductcost.Thesecostsareconsequentlyoftenlabeledasindirectmaterialsandincludedwithmanufacturingoverhead.
2-7Fixedcostscanbedirectorindirect.Forexample,inthecaseofamulti-productfirmthatacquiresaspecialpieceofequipmentfortheexclusiveuseofoneproduct,thatequipmentwouldbefixedanddirecttotheproductthatusesit.Iftheequipmentwillbeusedtoproducemultipleproducts,itscostwillbeindirect.
2-8Forexternalreporting,costsinamanufacturingfirmareclassifiedasproductcostsorperiodcosts.Theportionofproductcostsassignedtotheproductssoldinaperiodappearsascostofgoodssoldexpenseinthatperiod’sincomestatement;theremainingportionofproductcostsisassignedtotheproductsininventoryandappearsasanassetinthebalancesheet.Periodcostsareexpensedintheperiodincurred.
2-9Costsrepresentthemonetaryvalueofgoodsandservicesexpendedtoobtaincurrentorfuturebenefits.Expensesreportedintheincomestatementarethecostsofassetsthatthefinancialaccountantdeemshavebeenusedupwhengoodsorservicesaresold(e.g.,costofgoodssold),orperiodcosts,whosebenefitsarenoteasilymatchedwithproductsorservicessoldinaspecificperiod(e.g.,advertising).
2-10Thetwoprincipalcategoriesofmanufacturingcostsaredirectmanufacturingcosts(tracedorassignedtotheproductsthatcreatedthosecosts)andindirectmanufacturingcosts(allocatedtoproducts).
2-11Onlythemanufacturingcostsareincludedinthevaluationoffinishedgoodsinventory.Therefore,traditionalcostaccountingsystems,designedforvaluinginventory,analyzethesecostsingreaterdetailinordertoassignthemtoindividualproducts.
2-12Insidetheorganization,costsservetwobroadpurposes:
planningandevaluation.Costcalculationscanbetailoredtoaspecificpurpose.Forexample,forplanningpurposes,costmightserveasareferencepointfordeterminingthesellingpriceofaprospectiveproduct,ormightbeusedinabudgetingmodeltoforecastcostsunderdifferentlevelsofproductionandsellingactivities.Evaluationpurposesoccur,forexample,whencomparingactualcoststobudgeted(standard)costsorwhenjudgingwhetheraprocessisefficientcomparedwiththecostsofsimilarinternalorexternalprocesses.
2-13Contributionmarginperunitisthedifferencebetweenrevenueperunitandvariablecostperunit.Thecontributionmarginisanimportantcomponentoftheequationtodeterminethebreakevenpoint.Itisalsousedtohelpevaluatewhetherornotaninvestmentinabusinessventurecanbeprofitable.
2-14Inevaluatingwhetherabusinessventurewillbeprofitable,thebreakevenpointisthevolumeatwhichtheprofitequalszero,thatis,revenuesequalcosts.
2-15Themostaccurateandcompletecostsystempossiblemaybeinordinatelycostlytoimplement.Althoughitisoftendifficulttocomputethevalueofusingaparticularcostsystem,inprinciplethebenefitshouldoutweighthecostofthesystem.
2-16Anopportunitycostisthesacrificeonemakeswhenusingaresourceforonepurposeinsteadofanother.
2-17Short-runistheperiodoverwhichadecision-makercannotadjustcapacity.Short-runcostsarevariablecosts,whichvaryinproportiontoproduction.Long-runcostsarethesumofvariableandfixedcostsassociatedwithacostobject.Long-runcostsareimportantforproductplanningpurposesbecausetheyareanestimateofthecostofthealltheresourcesconsumedtomaketheproduct.
2-18Intheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury,whenformalcostsystemswerefirstinstalledatmanybusinesses,directlaborcomprisedalargeproportionofthetotalmanufacturingcost.Intoday’sindustrialenvironment,directlaborcomprisesamuchsmallerportionofthetotalcosts,whiletheshareofindirectcostshasgrownconsiderably.Asaresult,costaccountingsystemsmustnowanalyzeindirectcostsingreaterdetailtoreflecttheirtruebehavior.Costaccountingsystemsthatusevolumemeasurestoallocateindirectcostsmaybeveryinaccurate.
2-19Thefivecategoriesofproduction-relatedactivitiesandtheirdescriptionsarelistedbelow.
1.Unit-relatedactivitiesrelatedirectlytothenumberofunitsproduced(e.g.,directlaborcosts).
2.Batch-relatedactivitiesrelatetothenumberofbatchesproducedratherthanthenumberofunitsproduced(e.g.,machinesetups).
3.Product-sustainingactivitiesareperformedtosupporttheproductionandsaleofindividualproducts(e.g.,productdesign).
4.Customer-sustainingactivitiesenablethecompanytoselltoanindividualcustomerbutareindependentofthevolumeandmixoftheproductsandservicessoldanddeliveredtothecustomer(e.g.,technicalsupportprovidedtoindividualcustomers).
5.Business-sustainingactivitiesarerequiredtosupporttheupkeepoftheplantorthebasicfunctioningoftheplantorthebusiness(e.g.,rent,plantmaintenance,andCEO’ssalary).
2-20Customer-relatedcostshaveattractedincreasingattentioninrecentyearsbecausetheyarelargeandgrowinginmanyorganizations.Furthermore,thecostscanvarywidelyacrossdifferentcustomersorcustomersegments.Organizationsmayusecustomercostinformationtodecidewhichcustomersorcustomergroupstoretainorde-emphasize,ortodecideondifferentialservicefeestocovercostsofservices.
EXERCISES
2-21(a)Manufacturing(g)Nonmanufacturing
(b)Nonmanufacturing(h)Nonmanufacturing
(c)Nonmanufacturing(i)Manufacturing
(d)Nonmanufacturing(j)Nonmanufacturing
(e)Manufacturing(k)Nonmanufacturing
(f)Nonmanufacturing(l)Nonmanufacturing
2-22(a)Indirect(g)Indirect
(b)Direct(h)Indirect
(c)Direct(i)Direct
(d)Indirect(j)Indirect
(e)Direct(k)Direct
(f)Indirect(l)Indirect
2-23(a)Unit-related(g)Product-sustaining
(b)Batch-related(h)Business-sustaining
(c)Product-sustaining(i)Batch-related
(d)Business-sustaining(j)Batch-related
(e)Unit-related(k)Business-sustaining
(f)Batch-related(l)Product-sustaining
2-24(a)Unit-orbatch-related(g)Business-sustaining
(b)Batch-related(h)Product-sustaining
(c)Product-sustaining(i)Business-sustaining
(d)Business-sustaining(j)Business-sustaining
(e)Batch-related(k)Business-sustaining
(f)Unit-related(l)Unit-related
2-25(a)Fixed
(b)Variable
(c)Variable
(d)Fixed
(e)Variable
(f)Fixed
(g)Fixedorvariable(ifnumberofbillingclerkscanvaryintheshortrun)
(h)Variable
(i)Variable
(j)Variable
(k)Fixed
2-26(a)Variable
(b)Fixedorvariable(ifnumberofproductionworkerscanvaryintheshortrun)
(c)Fixed
(d)Variable
(e)Fixed
(f)Fixed
(g)Variable
(h)Variable
(i)Fixed
(j)Fixed
2-27(a)LetPchargesperpatient-day.
(2,300P)(45.702,300)91,000)=0
P=$196,1102,300=$85.27
(b)LetX=theaveragenumberofpatientdayspermonthnecessarytogenerateatargetprofitof$45,000permonth
Revenue–Costs=Income
(Price×Quantity)–Variablecosts–Fixedcosts=Income
$100X–$45.70X–$91,000=$45,000
$54.30X=$91,000+$45,000=$136,000
X=2,505patientdays(rounded)
2-28(a)Contr
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 管理 会计 第五 英文 课后 答案 第二
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)