英语重要句型活用指南.docx
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英语重要句型活用指南.docx
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英语重要句型活用指南
第一章 it做形式主语的句型
动名词做主语通常表示一件已知的事情或经验。
动名词做主语要视为一个单一的个体,其后动词用单数形式。
climbingmountaingisinteresting.
drivingthecarduringtherushhouristiring.
不定式做主语通常表示一件未完成的事情或目的。
此类短语作主语时,亦视为单一个体,其后动词用单数形式。
tostudyabroadhaslongbeenmydream.
但无论动名词还是不定式作主语如果太长,不美观,需要it作形式主语。
如果主语不长则不需要形式主语,否则也影响美观。
itisuselesstolearnenglishwritingwithoutaclearunderstandofsentencestructure.
itisnouse+动名词=itisuseless+不定式=thereisnousein+动名词
只能修饰事物的形容词很多,常用的有,hard,difficult,easy,worth,while,necessar,interesting,essential,useful,useless,此类形容词造句千万不可以人做主语;
表示人气质的单词如stupid,cruel,wise,kind,careful,careless,impolite,polite可以人做主语;
有些形容词即可修饰人亦可修饰物,如good,bad,foolish。
修饰人时用介词of,修饰物时用介词for
itisgoodofyoutohelptheboy.
itisgooodforustodothejogging.
一边吃东西一边说话很不礼貌。
itisimpolitetotalkwhileeating.
你有必要立即开展工作。
itisnecessaryforyoutostarttheworkatonce.--------------atonce 置于动词后面 comehereatonce.
选择好友对你是很重要的
itisimportantforyoutochoosegoodfriends.----------------choose=pickout选择
你任由窗子开着,实在太粗心了
itwascarelessofyoutoleavethewindowopen.-------------leave 不及物动词任由----,加宾语之后,再接形容词或分词作宾语补足语。
他真蠢,竟然犯了这样的错误
itwasstupidofhimtomakesuchamistake.
2)itis----that 强调句型
介词的宾语1)只有whether及疑问词引导的名词从句,可做介词的宾语;2)that从句决不可直接做介词的宾语,其补救方法如下:
介词+thefact+that从句;
I'mcuriousaboutwhetherhecandoit;
I'mcuriousabout whathewilldo;
I'mcuriousaboutwhenhecandoit;
I'mcuriousabouthwohewilldoit;
I'mcuriousaboutthefactthathe shoudstudysohard.
介词+变成所有格+变成动名词 I'mcuriousabouthisstudyingsohard.Heisinterestinginmary'shavingmarriedpeter.
主语+be+adj+that从句:
I'mcurious thatheshouldstudysohard.I'minterested(adj)thatmaryhasmarriedpeter.
whether 引导的名词从句只有在做动词的宾语时,或被形式主语it替代时,才可与if互用,其余情况中,则不能用if取代whether.
whetherhewillcomeisnotknown.(true)
ifhewillcomeisnotknown(false)
ifhewillcomeisnotknown(false)
theproblemiswhetherhewillcome.(true)
theproblemisifhewillcome.(false)
Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcome.(true)
Idon'tknowifhewillcome.(true)
itfollows+that 从句 当然-------
fromthisevidence,itfollowsthatheisnotthemurderer.
itdoesn'tfollow+that 从句 未必-----
althoughsheispoor,itdoesn'tfollowthatsheisdishonest.
itoccursto+ 人+that 从句=itstrikes + 人+that=人+hitson+it+that 从句 某人突然想起-------
itoccurstomethatIshouldaskhimforhelp.=itstruckmethatIshouldaskhimforhelp.=ihitonitthatIshouldaskhimforhelp.=IsuddenlyrememberedthatIshouldaskhimeforhelp.
他真的已经到伦敦了吗?
isitturethathehasgoneto london?
--------------itisturethat---?
真的------?
很遗憾你的朋友把他的行李留在这了。
itisapitythatyourfriendhaslefthisluggagehere.-------------------itispitythat---?
=itisaregretthat--=itisregrettablethat 很遗憾
几乎可以确定的是,你将在戏剧院里见到一两位你的朋友。
itisalmostcertainthatyouwillseeoneortwoofyourfriendsinthetheater.
父母爱子女是很自然的事情。
itisnaturalthatparentsshouldlovetheirchildren.--------------------itisnaturalthat----should 是很自然的事
可以确定的是,他绝非好人。
itiscertainthatheisbynomeansnice. Itiscertainthatbynomeansishenice.---------bynomeans=innoway 绝非
他会不会服从规定令人怀疑。
itisdoubtfulwhetherhewillcomplywiththeorder.---------------------obey/abideby/complywith/conformto服从
我从未想到他会这么无礼
itneveroccurredtomethatheshouldbesoimpolite/rude.-------------------------itneveroccurredtomethat=Ineverthoughtthat---我从未想到
虽然他喜欢音乐,他未必擅长唱歌
althoughhelovesmusic,itdoesnotfollowthatheisgoodatsinging.----------------------itdoesn'tfollowthat 未必
3)itissaidthat 据说----
itissaidthatheisverywealthy.
itisbelievedthattherumoristrue.
itissaidthat--- 据说
itisbelievedthat--- 一般相信
itisexpectedthat--- 一般预料
itisthoughtthat--- 一般认为
itisreportedthat--- 据报道
itisestimatedthat-- 据估计
itisknownthat--- 众所周知
itisexpectedthatjohnwillbebackbyten. 预料中的事情
itisreportedthatthecaraccidenttookplacesometimeyesterday.
itisthoughtthatpeterisgood-for-nothing. 大家认为彼得一无是处。
itisestimatedthatthedamagewasoveronemilliondollars.
a)时态相同时候,to之后要接原形动词。
itissaidthatheisnice.=heissaidtobenice.
itisthoughtthatpeterisgood-for-nothing.=peteristhoughttobegood-for-nothing.
itisknownthatheworkshard.=heisknowntoworkhard.
b) 时态不同时,to之后要接have+过去分词
itisestimatedthatthedamagewasoveronemilliondollars.=thedamageisestimatedtohavebeenoveronemilliondollars.
itisreportedthatcaraccidenttookplacesometimeyesterday.=thecaraccidentisreportedtohavetakenplacesometimeyesterday.
c)若that从句中有助动词will,can,may,should时,其变化如下:
itissaidthathewillcometomorrow.=heissaidtocometomorrwo.(will 删除即可)
itissaidthathecandoit.=itissaidthatheisabletodoit.=heissaidtobeabletodoit.
itissaidthatheislikelytohelpmary.=heissaidtobelikelytohelpmary.
itissaidthattheyshouldfinishitbeforeleaving.=itissaidthattheyaresupposedtofinishitbeforeleaving=theyaresaidtobesupposedtofinishitbeforeleaving.
以上句型都是it引导that从句,有时候it也可以代替whether或疑问词所引导的名词从句。
itwillbereportedwhenthemeetingwilltakeplace.
itisnotknownwhethertheyarestillalive.
ithasnotyetbeendecidedwhetherweshouldstartonSaturdayornoSunday.
itissaidthat亦可用以下句型代替
itissaidthatheisamillionaire.
itisrumoredthatheisamillionaire.
peoplesaythatheisamillionaire.
wordhasitthatheisamillionaire.
rumorhasitthatheisamillionaire.
注意不可用theword/therumorhasitthat
据说那男孩长大后成了一位知名的科学家
itissaidthattheboygrewuptobeanotedscientist.=theboyissaidtohavegrownup tobeanotedscientist.=peoplesaythattheboygrewuptobeanotedscientist.
据说罗伯特将转到另一所大学就读
itissaidthatrebertwilltransfertoanothercollege.
据估计,明天通货膨胀将上升百分之五
itisestimatedthattheinflationnextyearwillgoup/risebyfivepercent.
目前尚未决定谁要参加演讲比赛
ithasn'tbeendecidedwhowilltakepartin/participateinthespeechcontest.
一般认为出国旅游可增广见闻
itisgenerallythoughtthattravingabroadcanenrichone'sknowledge.
今天的报纸报道台北市昨晚发生大火
itsaysintoday'snewspaperthatabigfiretookplace/brokeoutin taipei lastnight.
4)itseemsthat----似乎----,好像------
中文句子出现似乎时,我们就想到seem或appear这两个字,这两个字的意义和用法完全相同,常用句型有:
a)itseems/appearsthat 从句
itseemsjohnlovesmusicverymuch.Itappearsthattheycanhandletheproblem.
b) 主语+seemsto 原形动词;主语+seemsto+have+过去分词
(1)时态相同时,to后接原形动词
itseemsthatjohnlovesmusicverymuch.=johnseemstolovemusicverymuch.
itappearsthattheyareabletohandletheproblem.=theyappeartobeabletohandletheproblem.
(2)时态不同时,在之后接have+过去分词
itseemsthatjohnwashappywhenyoung.=johnseemstohavebeenhappywhenyoung.
itappearsthattheyhavejustbeentojapan.Theyapeartohavejustbeentojapan.
在下列句型中,tobe 可省略。
5)findit--to 不定式 发现
英文中有种动词是不完全及物动词,此类动词加了宾语后,意思并不完整,必须在宾语之后加形容词或名词补充其意思不足。
此时形容词或名词就为宾语补足语。
Ifindhim(tobe) nice.Ithinkhimagoodboy.
Ideemhimhonest.Iconsiderhimgood.ibelievehimtrustworthy.Imadehimhappy.
下列不完全及物动词加了宾语后,则需加介词形成宾语补足语
Iregardhimasanice.Iregardhimasaniceboy.
Ireferto/view/see/lookonhimasnice/aniceboy.
不完全及物动词不能直接以不定式短语做宾语,一定要用形式宾语it代替真宾语,加了补足语后再接不定式短语。
Ifinditinterestingtoclimbmountains.(true)
Ifind toclimbmountainsinteresting.(false)
Ideemitnecessarytolearnenglish.
Iconsideritmydutytohelphim.
Ibelieveitgoodtogojogging.
hislazinessmadeitimpossibleforhimtoachievesuccess.
Iregarditasmyresponsibilitytoofferhimhelp.
Ifeelitanhonorformetodeliverthisspeech.
注意,以上find,deem,believe,consider,如果后接that从句,则从句后不需再加宾语补足语,此时此类动词就变成了完全及物动词。
That可以省略。
Ifind(that)itisinterestingtoclimbmountains.--------宾语从句。
完全及物动词
Ifinditinterestingtoclimbmountains.-----------------不完全及物动词
makeitaruleto-----习惯于----
Imakeitaruletogetupearly. Make是不及物动词,it 是形式主语,代替真宾语,即不定式短语togetupearly,arule则是宾语补足语。
Imakeitaruleto takeashortwalkafterlunch.=Iaminthehabitoftakingashortwalkafterlunch.
fallintoahabitof 养成----的习惯
fallintoahabitof=getintoahabitof=fosterahabitof=cultivateahabitof=formahabitof
Ifallintoagoodhabitofbeingpunctualwhenyoung.
我发现很难和同学解释这件事。
Ifindithardtoexplainthemattertothestudent.=Ifind(that)itwashardto-----
你会发现在林中观鸟是件趣事。
youwillfinditinterestingtowatchbirdsinthewoods.=youwillfind(that)itisinterestingto---
我认为道人短处是可耻的。
Ithinkitshamefultospeakillofothersbehindtheirbacks.=Ithink(that)itisshamfulto----
我相信我们用功是值得的。
Ibelieveitworthwhileforustostudyhard.=Ibelieve(that)itisworthwhileforusto--=Ibelieve(that)itpaysforusto---
我习惯在睡前听点音乐
Imakeitaruletolistntosomemusicbeforegoingtobed.=Iaminthehabitoflisteningto---(that)
我认为要他来负责这个计划是错误的
Ithinkitwrongforhimtoberesponsiblefortheproject.=Ithink(that)itiswrongforhimto----
6)thinkit--that 认为-----
Ithinkitcertainthatourteamwillwin.Hemadeitclear(我表示的很清楚了)thatheobjectedtotheproposal.
a)和不定式短语一样,that引导的名词从句也不可直接做不完全及物动词的宾语,一定要用it代替:
Ithinkitcertainthatourteamwillwin.
Ithinkthatourteamwillwincertain.(false)
hemadethatheobjectedtotheproposalclear.(false)
hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheproposal.(true)
主语+takeitforgrantedthat----视----为当然的
I take it forgranted thathewouldagreetotheplan.
主语 不完全及物动词 形式宾语 介词短语做it的宾语补足语 名词从句做宾语被it代替
take----for---将----视为----
wetakehimforagoodboy/good=we
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