Unit 5Supplementary Reading.docx
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Unit 5Supplementary Reading.docx
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Unit5SupplementaryReading
SupplementaryReading
TheStoryofHelenKeller
In1882ababygirlcaughtafeverthatwassofierceshenearlydied.Shesurvivedbutthefeverleftitsmark—shecouldnolongerseeorhear.Becauseshecouldnothear,shealsofounditverydifficulttospeak.
Sohowdidthischild,blindedanddeafenedat19monthsold,growuptobecomeaworld-famousauthorandpublicspeaker?
Thefevercutherofffromtheoutsideworld,deprivingherofsightandsound.Itwasasifshehadbeenthrownintoadarkprisoncellfromwhichtherecouldbenorelease.
LuckilyHelenwasnotsomeonewhogaveupeasily.Soonshebegantoexploretheworldbyusingherothersenses.Shefollowedhermotherwherevershewent,hangingontoherskirts;shetouchedandsmelledeverythingshecameacross.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwassoonabletodocertainjobsherself,likemilkingthecowsorkneadingdough,sheevenlearnttorecognizepeoplebyfeelingtheirfacesortheirclothes.Shecouldalsotellwhereshewasinthegardenbythesmellofthedifferentplantsandthefeelofthegroundunderherfeet.
Bytheageofsevenshehadinventedover60differentsignsbywhichshecouldtalktoherfamily.Ifshewantedbreadforexample,shewouldpretendtocutaloafandbuttertheslices.Ifshewantedicecreamshewrappedherarmsaroundherselfandpretendedtoshiver.
Helenwasunusualinthatshewasextremelyintelligentandalsoremarkablysensitive.Byherowneffortsshehadmanagedtomakesomesenseofanalienandconfusingworld.Butevensoshehadlimitations.
AttheageoffiveHelenbegantorealizeshewasdifferentfromotherpeople.Shenoticedthatherfamilydidnotusesignslikeshedidbuttalkedwiththeirmouths.Sometimesshestoodbetweentwopeopleandtouchedtheirlips.Shecouldnotunderstandwhattheysaidandshecouldnotmakeanymeaningfulsoundsherself.Shewantedtotalkbutnomatterhowshetriedshecouldnotmakeherselfunderstood.Thismakehersoangrythatsheusedtohurlherselfaroundtheroom, kickingandscreaminginfrustration.
Asshegotolderherfrustrationgrewandherragesbecameworseandworse.Shebecamewildandunruly.Ifshedidn’tgetwhatshewantedshewouldthrowtantrumsuntilherfamilygavein.Herfavoritetricksincludedgrabbingotherpeople’sfoodfromtheirplatesandhurlingfragileobjectstothefloor.Oncesheevenmanagedtolockhermotherintothepantry.Eventuallyitbecameclearthatsomethinghadtobedone.So,justbeforeherseventhbirthday,thefamilyhiredaprivatetutor—AnneSullivan.
AnnewascarefultoteachHelenespeciallythosesubjectsinwhichshewasinterested.AsaresultHelenbecamegentlerandshesoonlearnttoreadandwriteinBraille.Shealsolearnttoreadpeople’slipsbypressingherfinger-tipsagainstthemandfeelingthemovementandvibrations.ThismethodiscalledTadomaanditisaskillthatvery,veryfewpeoplemanagetoacquire.Shealsolearnttospeak,amajorachievementforsomeonewhocouldnothearatall.
Helenprovedtobearemarkablescholar,graduatingwithhonorsfromRadcliffeCollegein1904.Shehadphenomenalpowersofconcentrationandmemory,aswellasadoggeddeterminationtosucceed.Whileshewasstillatcollegeshewrote‘TheStoryofMyLife’.Thiswasanimmediatesuccessandearnedherenoughmoneytobuyherownhouse.
Shetouredthecountry,givinglectureafterlecture.Manybookswerewrittenaboutherandseveralplaysandfilmsweremadeaboutherlife.Eventuallyshebecamesofamousthatshewasinvitedabroadandreceivedmanyhonorsfromforeignuniversitiesandmonarchs.In1932shebecameavice-presidentoftheRoyalNationalInstitutefortheBlindintheUnitedKingdom.
Afterherdeathin1968anorganizationwassetupinhernametocombatblindnessinthedevelopingworld.Todaythatagency,HelenKellerInternational,isoneofthebiggestorganizationsworkingwithblindpeopleoverseas.
DaydreamaLittle
EugeneRaudsepp
Daydreaminghasalwayshadabadreputation,butnowscientificresearchhasrevealedthatdaydreamingmayactuallyimproveyourmentalhealthandcreativity.Itcanevenhelpyouachieveyourdesiredgoals.
"Daydreamingagain,Barb?
You'llneveramounttoanythingifyouspendyourtimethatway!
Can'tyoufindsomethingusefultodo?
"Manyyoungstershaveheardwordslikethosefromtheirparents.Anduntilrecentlythishostileattitudetowardsdaydreamingwasthemostcommonone.Daydreamingwasviewedasawasteoftime.Oritwasconsideredanunhealthyescapefromreallifeanditsduties.Butnowsomepeoplearetakingafreshlookatdaydreaming.Somethinkitmaybeaveryhealthythingtodo.
Attitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesamewaythatattitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.Onceitwasthoughtthatnighttimedreamsinterferedwithourneededrest.Butthenresearcherstriedinterruptingthedreamsofsleepers.Theylearnedthatsleeperswhoaren'tallowedtodreamlostthebenefitsofrest.Theybecometenseandanxious.Theybecomeirritable.Theyhavetroubleconcentrating.Theirmentalhealthistemporarilydamaged.Tofeelwellagain,theymustbeallowedtodream.
Nowresearchersarefindingthatdaydreamingmayalsobeimportanttomentalhealth.Daydreaming,theytellus,isagoodmeansofrelaxation.Butitsbenefitsgobeyondthis.Anumberofpsychologistshaveconductedexperimentsandhavereachedsomesurprisingconclusions.
Dr.JoanT.Freyberghasconcludedthatdaydreamingcontributestointellectualgrowth.Italsoimprovesconcentration,attentionspan,andtheabilitytogetalongwithothers,shesays.Inanexperimentwithschoolchildren,thissameresearcherfoundthatdaydreamingledthechildrentopaymoreattentiontodetail.Theyhadmorehappyfeelings.Theyworkedtogetherbetter.Anotherresearcherreportedthatdaydreamingseemedtoproduceimprovedself-controlandcreativeabilities.
Butthat'sonlypartofthestory.Themostremarkablethingaboutdaydreamingmaybeitsusefulnessinshapingourfuturelivesaswewantthemtobe.IndustrialistHenryJ.Kaiserbelievedthatmuchofhissuccesswasduetothepositiveuseofdaydreaming.Hemaintainedthat"youcanimagineyourfuture."FlorenceNightingaledreamedofbecominganurse.TheyoungThomasEdisonpicturedhimselfasaninventor.Forthesenotableachievers,itappearsthattheirdaydreamscametrue.
Dr.HarryEmersonFosdickbelievedthatthewaywepictureourselvesisoftenthewayweturnout.Heofferedthisadvice:
"Holdapictureofyourself…inyourmind'seye,andyouwillbedrawntowardit.Pictureyourselfvividlyasdefeated,andthatwillmakevictoryimpossible.Pictureyourselfaswinning,andthatwillcontributeimmeasurablytosuccess.Donotpictureyourselfasanything,andyouwilldrift……"
Theexperiencesofsomeathletesseemtoconfirmthisbelief.Forinstance,JohnUelses,aformerpole-vaultingchampion,useddaydreamingtechniquesbeforeeachmeet.Hewouldimaginehimselfwinning.Hewouldvividlypicturehimselfclearingthebaratacertainheight.Hewouldgooverallthedetailsinhismind.Hewouldpicturethestadiumandthecrowds.He'devenimaginethesmellofthegrassandtheearth.Hesaidthatthisexerciseoftheimaginationleftmemorytracesinhismindthatwouldlaterhelphisactualperformance.
Whywouldamentalvisionofsuccesshelpproducerealsuccess?
Dr.MaxwelMaltz,asurgeonandauthor,saythis:
"Yournervoussystemcannottellthedifferencebetweenanimaginedexperienceandrealexperience.Ineithercaseitreactsautomaticallytoinformationthatyougiveit…… Itreactsappropriatelytowhatyouthinkorimaginetobetrue."
Hebelievesthatpurposefuldaydreamingbuildsnew"memories"inthebrain.Thesepositivememoriesimproveaperson'sself-image.Andself-imagehasanimportanteffectonaperson'sactionandaccomplishments.
Canyouusepurposefuldaydreamingtoshapeyourownfuture?
Whynottry?
Hereishowthosewhobelieveincreativedaydreamingrecommendgoingaboutit.Chooseatimewhenyoucanbealoneandundisturbed.Closeyoureyes,topermityourimaginationtosoarmorefreely.Manypeoplefindthattheygetbestresultsbypretendingthattheyaresittingbeforealargescreen.Theyprojectthedesiredimageofthemselvesontothatscreen.
Nowpictureyourself——asvividlyaspossible——thewayyouwanttobe.Remembertopictureyourdesiredgoalsasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.Gooverallthedetailsofthispicture.Seethemclearlyandsharply.Impressthemstronglyonyourmemory.Theresultingmemorytraceswillsupposedlystartaffectingyoureverydaylife.Theywillhelpleadyoutotheattainmenttoyourgoals.
Ofcoursedaydreamingisnosubstituteforhardwork.Ifit'sathleticachievementyouwant,youalsohavetogetlotsofpracticeinyoursport.Youhavetoworkhardtodevelopskills.Ifit'sschoolsuccessyou'reafter,youcan'tneglectstudyingDaydreamingalonecan'tturnyouintoyourheart'sdesire.Butincombinationwiththemoreusualmethodsofself-development,itmightmakeacriticaldifference.Itcouldbethedifferencebetweenbecomingmerelygoodatsomethingandbecomingachampion.
Ifwhatresearchersaresayingistrue,alifelivedwithoutfantasiesanddaydreamsisn'tasrichandrewardingaslifecanbe.Sotheysuggestsettingasideafewminuteseachdayfordaydreaming.Bysodoing,youmayimproveyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.Bytakingaten-orfifteen-minute"vacation"intotherealmofimaginationeachday,youmayaddmuchtotheexcitementandenjoymentofyourlife.Andwhoknows:
Youmightseeyourown
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