考研英语一真题及答案精校版.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案精校版.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案精校版
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish:
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis
(1)astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has
(2).
Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted(3)1,932uniquesubjectswhich(4)pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth(5).
While1%mayseem(6),itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven(7)theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho(8)ourkin.”
Thestudy(9)foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,(10),astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore(11)it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat(12)usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends(13)”functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith(14)!
Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution(15)thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp(16)whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor(17)factor.
Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s(18)tobefriendthoseofsimilar(19)backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento(20)thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.
1.
[A]
when
[B]
why
[C]
how
[D]
what
2.
[A]
defended
[B]
concluded
[C]
withdrawn
[D]
advised
3.
[A]
for
[B]
with
[C]
on
[D]
by
4.
[A]
compared
[B]
sought
[C]
separated
[D]
connected
5.
[A]
tests
[B]
objects
[C]
samples
[D]
examples
6.
[A]
insignificant
[B]
unexpected
[C]
unbelievable
[D]
incredible
7.
[A]
visit
[B]
miss
[C]
seek
[D]
know
8.
[A]
resemble
[B]
influence
[C]
favor
[D]
surpass
9.
[A]
again
[B]
also
[C]
instead
[D]
thus
10.
[A]
meanwhile
[B]
furthermore
[C]
likewise
[D]
perhaps
11.
[A]
about
[B]
to
[C]
from
[D]
like
12.
[A]
drive
[B]
observe
[C]
confuse
[D]
limit
13.
[A]
Accordingto
[B]
ratherthan
[C]
regardlessof
[D]
alongwith
14.
[A]
chances
[B]
responses
[C]
missions
[D]
benefits
15.
[A]
later
[B]
slower
[C]
faster
[D]
earlier
16.
[A]
forecast
[B]
remember
[C]
understand
[D]
express
17.
[A]
unpredictable
[B]
contributory
[C]
controllable
[D]
disruptive
18.
[A]
endeavor
[B]
decision
[C]
arrangement
[D]
tendency
19.
[A]
political
[B]
religious
[C]
ethnic
[D]
economic
20.
[A]
see
[B]
show
[C]
prove
[D]
tell
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?
TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain
[A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport
[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals
[C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment
22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[C]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto
[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth
[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies
[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies
[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges
24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles
[A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues
[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised
[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies
[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole
25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone
[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
Text2
JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingrulingparticularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.
Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.
ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:
Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;
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