浙江省奉化市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解选练1.docx
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浙江省奉化市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解选练1.docx
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浙江省奉化市高考英语二轮复习阅读理解选练1
浙江奉化市2016高考英语阅读理解(二轮)选练
(1)
阅读理解中推理判断及语义猜测题的解题技巧
一、推理判断题
推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动,要求学生对文章信息由表及里、由浅入深、从具体到抽象、从特殊到一般。
通过分析、综合、判断等方法,对某些相关信息进行推断。
解答此类试题时,要注意以下几点:
1.体会文章的言外之意,挖掘文章隐含的意义;
2.要做到有根有据,从已知获得未知,而不是凭空臆断;
3.要学会运用已有的经验或常识进行推理判断。
如:
例1:
[2013年广东高考阅读理解A篇]
Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneofhisfriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.
Tomlovedtopretend,andheparticularlylovedtoplaysuperheroes.Dr.Epsteinexplainedthatitwasactuallyabrilliantwayforhisyoungmindtohandletheterrifyingandpainfullifeheled.
Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.“MaybeIcouldgoasSuperman,”hewhisperedtohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforawhile.Shehadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume(戏装),butfinallysheagreed.
ThenextdayTomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoffthroughthehospitalhallsandcoollywavinghishandtothepeoplegreetinghimalongtheway.AndTom,withthestrengthofhisfantasy,successfullymadeitthroughtheoperation.
Thepowerofimaginationneednotbereservedforchildrenonly.Weallhavethepowertouseourfantasiestoattemptthingsweneverthoughtpossible,togothroughthosethingsthatseemimpossible,andtoachievewhatweneverbelievedwecould.JustasDr.Epsteinputsit,“Ifyoucandreamit,youcandoit.”
Itdoesn’tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyournextjobinterview.But,nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.
27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTom’smother?
A.Shewasarichlady.
B.SherefusedTom’srequest.
C.ShewantedTomtobeasuperhero.
D.ShewantedtogetTomthroughthepain.
解析:
D。
根据文章前两段的陈述可知,Tom因为身患癌症,要多次做手术,经历了许多的痛苦。
根据第三段可知,Tom的母亲平时是不会购买昂贵的戏装的(她并不富裕),但这次却同意了儿子的要求。
从常理来推测可知,作为母亲,这样的转变最可能的原因就是为了帮助儿子熬过痛苦。
30.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Totellusaninterestingstory.
B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.
C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.
D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.
解析:
D。
本题要求推测作者的写作目的。
通读全文,我们可知本文的主旨是想象可以帮助我们克服胆怯。
作者还在本文的末尾号召读者展开想像的翅膀,去迎接所面临的挑战。
因此,我们可以推测,作者写作本文的目的是鼓励大家运用自己的想象力。
例2:
[2013年广东高考阅读理解B篇]
Whenyouseepeopleexhibitingsomegreatskillsorhavingachievedgreatsuccess,youknowthattheyhaveputinahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.It’ssometimeseasytothinktheygotluckyortheywerebornwithsomeraretalent,butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andthere’sahugechancethatyou’rewronganyway.
…
34.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?
A.Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskills.
B.Peoplesometimessucceedwithoutluckortalent.
C.Peopleneedtoachievesuccessatthecostoflife.
D.Ithelpstothinkthatluckortalentleadstosuccess.
解析:
B。
综合本段内容可知,本段主要讲述的是,一些人成功了,他们为此付出了许多。
如果认为他们的成功是因为他们的运气或他们的天分,那就错了。
由此,我们可以推测,作者在本段所要表达的意思实际上是要说“人们有时候成功并非是因为运气或天分”。
二、语义猜测题
语义猜测题就是要求考生对划线部分的单词、短语、指示代词、句子等,根据上下文语境和逻辑推测其大致含义。
在阅读过程中,可以利用上下文的语境对划线部分含义作合理的猜测。
阅读文章尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词,常在其后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子;为了说明或证实前面已述事实,文章中经常会举一些例子,这些例子可帮助考生猜测生词含义;有时可以结合上下文的因果、递进、对比、转折等关系来猜测语义。
如:
例1:
[2013年广东高考阅读理解B篇]
However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpractising.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin.
…
32.InParagraph2,theunderlinedwordthatrefersto.
A.beinggoodatsomething
B.settingapracticalgoal
C.puttinginmoretime
D.succeedinginlife
解析:
B。
代词that通常代指上文出现的人或物。
该段中划线单词前面提到的一件事情就是“树立一个合理可行的目标”。
例2:
[2013年福建高考阅读理解A篇]
WhenIwas12,allIwantedwasasignet(图章)ring.Theywerethe“in”thinganditseemedeverygirlexceptmehadone.Onmy13thbirthday,mymumgavemeasignetringwithmyinitials(姓名首字母)carvedintoit.Iwasinheaven.
56.Theunderlinedword“in”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“”.
A.fashionableB.availableC.practicalD.renewable
解析:
A.本题要求推测划线单词in的含义。
根据本段内容可知,当时每个女孩都有一枚图章戒指,只有作者没有。
在生日那天,作者得到一枚图章戒指后,她非常高兴(inheaven)。
由此,我们可以推测,图章在那个时候是非常流行、时尚的东西。
【跟踪训练】
Ⅰ
Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow,however,thattheyexistedover5,500yearsagoinancientAsia.
Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5,100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidn’tbecomepopularforawhile,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.
●Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidn’tbecomepopularforsometime?
A.Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.
B.Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.
C.Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.
D.Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.
Ⅱ
Lastnight’smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschild,EmeraldValley’smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.
“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby.“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”
Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.
●Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?
A.Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.
B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.
C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.
D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.
Ⅲ
Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”
●Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.
B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.
C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.
D.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.
Ⅳ
WhiletherearenoplanstotakeLampbrellaintoproduction,BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment,andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopies(伞篷)toprovideshelter.
●Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Thedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.
B.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.
C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.
D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.
Ⅴ
Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabrainscanner(扫描仪)toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson’sfeelingoffear.
“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear,”DrGarfinkelsaid.
●Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”?
A.Order.B.System.
C.Machine.D.Treatment.
Ⅵ
Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas‘bracketing’.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse’sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.Moreover,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingtoopenuptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderway.Theenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbeaccomplishedonlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.
●Thephrase“steppingintohisorhershoes”probablymeans.
A.preparingatopiclistfirst
B.focusingonone’sownmind
C.directingthetalktothedesiredresults
D.experiencingthespeaker’sinsideworld
Ⅶ
Thesmartphone-likeglasseswilllikelycomeoutthisyearandcostbetween$250and$600,theTimessaid,possiblyincludingavariationofaugmented(增强的)reality,atechnologyalreadyavailableonsmartphonesandtablets(平板电脑)thatoverlaysinformationontothescreenaboutone’ssurroundings.So,forexample,ifyouwerewalkingdownastreet,indicatorswouldpopupshowingyouthenearestcoffeeshopordirectionscouldbeplottedoutandcomeintoviewrightonthesidewalkinfrontofyou.
●Theunderlinedphrase“popup”probablym
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