英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案.docx
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英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案.docx
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英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案
英语句子成分?
定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:
主语和谓语
次要成分:
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.
主语:
句子的主体
Students?
studyEnglish.?
Smokingisbadforhealth.
Whathehassaidistrue.从句做主语(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It是形式主语,从句that...tree才是真正主语)(主语从句)
练习:
划出句中主语
Thesunrisesintheeast.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.?
?
?
?
?
?
Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.
Seeingisbelieving.?
?
?
?
?
Toseeistobelieve.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Whatheneedsisabook.
谓语:
动词或者动词词组
1、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
Students?
studyEnglish
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:
HecanspeakEnglish.Hehascaughtabadcold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:
Wearestudents.
练习:
选出下列句子中的谓语
?
I?
don't?
like?
the?
picture?
on?
the?
wall.?
?
I?
usually?
go?
to?
school?
by?
bus.?
?
?
Did?
the?
twins?
have?
porridge?
for?
their?
breakfast?
?
?
Tom?
didn't?
do?
his?
homework?
yesterday.?
What?
I?
want?
to?
tell?
you?
is?
this.?
We?
had?
better?
send?
for?
a?
doctor.?
He?
is?
interested?
in?
music.?
HecanspeakEnglishwell.?
表语:
系动词后面的成分
名词作表语Iamastudent.Myfatherisateacher.
形容词作表语This?
table?
is?
long.Youlookyoung.It?
gets?
cold.It?
sounds?
interesting.
副词作表语Everyoneishere.
介词短语作表语Theyareinthepark.
不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.
动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.
从句作表语(表语从句)Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
系动词:
(1)状态:
be动词
(2)持续:
表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.
(3)表像:
表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem,appear,look
(4)感官:
表示“……起来”,有feel(摸起来,感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来,吃起来)等
(5)变化:
表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run
(6)终止:
主要有prove,turnout(结果是,证明是)等.如:
Hisstoryprovedfalse.他讲的情况原来是假的.
Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直觉证明是对的.
练习:
划出句中表语
Thespeechisexciting.
Theyseemtoknowthetruth.
Timeisprecious.
I’mtiredtoday.
Thatremainsapuzzle.
Idon’tfeelsad.
That’swhyhecamehere.
宾语:
动作承受者
名/代词作宾语Heneverforgivesothers.Heoftenhelpsme.
不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.
动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.
从句做宾语(宾语从句)Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.
WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.(it形式宾语,todo是真正宾语)
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.
Pleasepassmethebook.(me是间接宾语,thebook是直接宾语)
练习:
划出句中宾语
Showyourpassport,please.
Shedidn'tsayanything.
Howmanydoyouwant?
-Iwanttwo.
Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.
Theyaskedtoseemypassport.
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
Isucceededinpassingtheexam.
宾语补足语:
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整,否则就不完整。
宾补主要用来说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足。
Ifoundthebookinteresting.
Imakemystudentsintertestedinmyclass.
Sheaskedmetolendherahand.
Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.
Wefoundhimintroublenow.
WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.(it形式宾语,todo是真正宾语necessary是宾补)
练习:
划出句中宾补
She?
likes?
the?
children?
to?
read?
newspapers?
and?
books?
in?
the?
reading-room.?
He?
asks?
her?
to?
take?
the?
boy?
out?
of?
school.?
?
?
?
She?
find?
it?
difficult?
to?
do?
the?
work.?
?
?
They?
call?
me?
Lily?
sometimes.?
I?
saw?
Mr.?
Wang?
get?
on?
the?
bus.?
?
注:
直接宾语和宾补的区分:
前面宾语和宾补有主谓逻辑关系,而间接宾语和直接宾语没有主谓逻辑关系,例如
1.Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.我们选他做我们班的班长。
(宾语him与monitor是主谓关系Heismonitor他是班长,所以这里monitor是宾补)
2.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.他买给他女朋友一些花。
(宾语hisgirlfriend与someflowers没有逻辑关系,不能说“他女朋友是花”所以someflowers是直接宾语)
定语:
用来修饰名词或代词的成分
形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine.
代词作定语What’syourname?
名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.
介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.
不定式作短语Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo
从句作定语(定语从句)ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.
练习:
划出句中定语?
?
Heisacleverboy.
Thereare54studentsinourclass.
DoyouknowBetty’ssister?
.
Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.
Hisspokenlanguageisgood.
Thegirlinredishissister.
Wehavealotofworktodo.
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.
Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
同位语:
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个成分用来说明或解释另一个成分。
下面例句中黑体和横线部分互为同位语。
其中前项与后项所指内容相同,句法功能(即在句中作主谓宾等成分)也相同,并常常紧挨在一起。
Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。
(都在句中作宾语)
Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.我们年轻人应该尊敬老人。
(都在句中作主语)
Theyallwantedtoseehim.他们都想见他.?
(都在句中作主语)
Let’syouandmegotowork,Oliver.咱们俩去工作吧.?
(都在句中作主语)
Areyoutwoready?
你们俩准备好了吗?
?
(都在句中作主语)
Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.
明天放假的消息不确.?
(都在句中作主语)(同位语从句)
练习:
找出句中互为同位语的成分,并指出它们在句中的句法功能
Mrs.Brown,John'smotherisakindlady.
Wordcamethatherhusbandwaskilledinanaccident.
Iamsorrytohearthenewsthathisgrandfatherisdead.
状语:
按用途可分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等?
(1).时间状语?
Shallwedotheshoppingtoday?
?
(2).地点状语
Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.?
?
(3).原因状语?
IeatpotatoesbecauseIlikethem.?
(4).结果状语
ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn’thearwhatshesaid.?
(5).目的状语
Inordertogetintoagoodschool,Imuststudyevenharder.?
(6).条件状语
Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?
?
(7).让步状语
Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.?
(8).程度状语
Thelectureisveryinteresting.?
(9).伴随状语
Mytrainstartsatsix,arrivingatChicagoat10.?
练习:
划出句中状语
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff
句子成分划分课后巩固练习题
1.?
The?
students?
got?
on?
the?
school?
bus.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
2.?
He?
handed?
me?
the?
newspaper.?
3.?
I?
shall?
answer?
your?
question?
after?
class.?
?
?
?
4.?
His?
job?
is?
to?
train?
swimmers.?
5.?
He?
took?
many?
photos?
?
in?
Beijing.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
6.?
His?
wish?
is?
to?
become?
a?
scientist.?
7.?
Hetoldmethathisbrotherisaworld-famousdoctor.
8.?
He?
found?
it?
important?
to?
master?
English.?
?
?
?
?
9.?
He?
sat?
there,?
reading?
a?
newspaper.?
?
?
10.?
The?
apples?
tasted?
sweet.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
11.?
My?
grandfather?
bought?
me?
a?
pair?
of?
sports?
shoes.?
12.I?
love?
you.?
13.?
Trees?
turn?
green?
when?
spring?
comes.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
14.?
Grandma?
told?
me?
an?
interesting?
story?
last?
night.?
15.?
Lily?
is?
cleaning?
the?
desk?
now.?
?
?
16.?
Her?
garden?
is?
the?
best?
in?
our?
town?
?
17.?
We?
heard?
her?
singing?
a?
song.
18.?
I?
like?
this?
book?
very?
much.?
?
19.?
The?
girl?
on?
the?
blue?
bike?
is?
Jane’s?
sister.?
20.?
She?
didn’t?
come?
to?
my?
party?
because?
she?
was?
ill.?
21.?
Wang?
Ping?
does?
his?
homework?
carefully.?
?
?
22.?
We?
will?
go?
to?
the?
Children’s?
Palace?
once?
a?
week.?
?
23.?
They?
are?
in?
the?
classroom.?
?
24.?
We?
enjoy?
listening?
to?
the?
music.?
?
?
?
25.?
I?
see?
her?
dance.?
?
26.?
We?
always?
go?
to?
school?
early.?
27.I?
always?
find?
her?
happy?
28.The?
children?
bought?
their?
parents?
a?
car?
29.He?
likes?
to?
play?
basketball.
30.YesterdayItalkedtomyEnglishteacher,Mr.James.
随堂练习参考答案:
主语:
Thesunrisesintheeast.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.?
?
?
?
?
?
Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.
Seeingisbelieving.?
?
?
?
?
Toseeistobelieve.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Whatheneedsisabook.
谓语:
?
I?
don't?
like?
the?
picture?
on?
the?
wall.?
?
I?
usually?
go?
to?
school?
by?
bus.?
?
?
Tom?
didn't?
do?
his?
homework?
yesterday.?
What?
I?
want?
to?
tell?
you?
is?
this.?
We?
had?
better?
send?
for?
a?
doctor.?
He?
is?
interested?
in?
music.?
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
表语:
Thespeechisexciting.
Theyseemtoknowthetruth.
Timeisprecious.
I’mtiredtoday.
Thatremainsapuzzle.
Idon’tfeelsad.
That’swhyhecamehere.
宾语:
Showyourpassport,please.
Shedidn'tsayanything.
Howmanydoyouwant?
-Iwanttwo.
Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.
Theyaskedtoseemypassport.
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
Isucceededinpassingtheexam.
宾补:
She?
likes?
the?
children?
to?
read?
newspapers?
and?
books?
in?
the?
reading-room.?
He?
asks?
her?
to?
take?
the?
boy?
out?
of?
school.?
?
?
?
She?
find?
it?
difficult?
to?
do?
the?
work.?
?
?
They?
call?
me?
Lily?
sometimes.?
I?
saw?
Mr.?
Wang?
get?
on?
the?
bus.?
?
定语?
:
Heisacleverboy.
Thereare54studentsinourclass.
DoyouknowBetty’ssister?
Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.
Hisspokenlanguageisgood.
Thegirlinredishissister.
Wehavealotofworktodo.
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.
Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
同位语:
Mrs.Brown,John'smotherisakindlady.(主语)
Wordcamethatherhusbandwaskilledinanaccident.(主语)
Iamsorrytohearthenewsthathisgrandfatherisdead.(宾语)
状语:
Therewasabigsmileonherface.
Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
课后练习参考答案:
1.主谓定宾
2.主谓间宾直宾
3.主谓定宾时状
4.定主系表(系动词+表语=谓语)
5.主谓宾地状
6.定主系表
7.主谓间宾直宾(宾语从句)
8.主谓形式宾语宾补真正的宾语
(TomasterEnglishisimportant“掌握英语很重要”有逻辑关系,所以是宾补)
9.主谓地状伴随状语
10.主系表
11.定主谓间宾直宾
12.主谓宾
13.主系表时间状语(从句)
14.主谓间宾定直宾时状
15.主谓宾时状
16.定主系表地状
17.主谓宾宾补(Shewassingingasong.“她在唱歌”有逻辑关系)
18.主谓宾状
19.主定系定表
20.主谓宾原因状语(从句)
21.主谓宾状
22.主谓定宾时状
23.主系表
24.主谓宾
25.主谓宾宾补(Sheisdancing.“她在跳舞”有逻辑关系)
26.主状谓宾时状
27.主状谓宾宾补(Sheishappy.“她很高兴”有逻辑关系)
28.主谓定间宾直宾
29.主谓宾
30.时状主谓定定宾同
31.
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