过程装备与控制工程专业英语.docx
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过程装备与控制工程专业英语.docx
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过程装备与控制工程专业英语
ReadingMaterial16
PressureVesselCodes
HistoryofPressureVesselCodesintheUnitedStatesThroughthelate1800sandearly1900s,explosionsinboilersandpressurevesselswerefrequent.AfiretubeboilerexplosionontheMississippiRiversteamboatSultanaonApril27,1865,resultedintheboat'ssinkingwithin20minutedandthedeathof1500soldiersgoinghomeaftertheCivilWar.Thistypeofcatastrophecontinuedunabatedintotheearly1900s.In1905,adestructiveexplosionofafiretubeboilerinashoefactoryinBrockton,Massachusetts,killed58people,injured117others,anddid$400000inpropertydamage.In1906,anotherexplosioninashoefactoryinLynn,Massachusetts,resultedindeath,injury,andextensivepropertydamage.Afterthisaccident,theMassachusettsgovernordirectedtheformationofaBoardofBoilerRules.ThefirstsetofrulesforthedesignandconstructionofboilerswasapprovedinMassachusettsonAugust30,1907.Thiscodewasthreepageslong.
②In1911,ColonelE.D.Meier,thepresidentoftheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,establishedacommitteetowriteasetofrulesforthedesignandconstructionofboilersandpressurevessels.OnFebruary13,1915,thefirstASMEBoilerCodewasissued.Itwasentitled"BoilerConstructionCode,1914Edition".ThiswasthebeginningofthevarioussectionsoftheASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCode,whichultimatelybecameSection1,PowerBoilers.
③ThefirstASMECodeforpressurevesselswasissuedas"RulesfortheConstructionofUnfiredPressureVessels",SectionⅧ,1925edition.Therulesappliedtovesselsover6in.indiameter,volumeover1.5,andpressureover30psi.InDecember1931,aJointAPI-ASMECommitteewasformedtodevelopanunfiredpressurevesselcodeforthepetroleumindustry.Thefirsteditionwasissuedin1934.Forthenest17years,twoseparatedunfiredpressurevesselcodesexisted.In1951,thelastAPI-ASMECodewasissuedasaseparateddocument.In1952,thetwocodeswereconsolidatedintoonecode----theASMEUnfiredPressureVesselCode,SectionⅧ.Thiscontinueduntilthe1968edition.Atthattime,theoriginalcodebecameSectionⅧ,Division1,PressureVessels,andanothernewpartwasissued,whichwasSectionⅧ,Division2,AlternativeRulesforPressureVessels.
④TheANSI/ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeisissuedbytheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineerswithapprovalbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)asanANSI/ASMEdocument.OneormoresectionsoftheANSI/ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodehavebeenestablishedasthelegalrequirementsin47statesintheUnitedStatedandinallprovincesofCanada.Also,inmanyothercountriesoftheworld,theASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeisusedtoconstructboilersandpressurevessels.
⑤OrganizationoftheASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeTheASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeisdividedintomanysections,divisions,parts,andsubparts.Someofthesesectionsrelatetoaspecifickindofequipmentandapplication;othersrelatetospecificmaterialsandmethodsforapplicationandcontrolofequipment;andothersrelatetocareandinspectionofinstalledequipment.ThefollowingSectionsspecificallyrelatetoboilerandpressurevesseldesignandconstruction.
SectionⅠPowerBoilers(1volume)
SectionⅢ
Division1NuclearPowerPlantComponents(7volumes)
Division2ConcreteReactorVesselsandContainment(1volume)
CodeCaseCase1ComponentsinElevatedTemperatureservice(inNuclearCodeN-47
Casebook)
SectionⅣHeatingBoilers(1volume)
SectionⅧ
Division1PressureVessels(1volume)
Division2AlternativeRulesforPressureVessels(1volume)
SectionⅩFiberglass-ReinforcedPlasticPressureVessels(1volume)
⑥AneweditionoftheASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeisissuedonJuly1everythreeyearsandnewaddendaareissuedeverysixmonthsonJanuary1andJuly1.Theneweditionofthecodebecomesmandatorywhenitappears.Theaddendaarepermissiveatthedateofissuanceandbecomemandatorysixmonthsafterthatdate.
⑦WorldwidePressureVesselCodesInadditiontotheASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCode,whichisusedworldwide,manyotherpressurevesselcodeshavebeenlegallyadoptedinvariouscountries.Difficultyoftenoccurswhenvesselsaredesignedinonecountry,builtinanothercountry,andinstalledinstilladifferentcountry.Withthisworldwideconstructionthisisoftenthecase.
⑧Thefollowinglistisapartialsummaryofsomeofthevariouscodesusedindifferentcountries:
AustraliaAustralianCodeforBoilersandPressureVessels,SAABoilerCode(SeriesAS1200):
AS1210,UnfiredPressureVesselsandClass1H,PressureVesselsofAdvancedDesignandConstruction,StandardsAssociationofAustralia.
FranceConstructionCodeCalculat
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