托福听力讲义图文.docx
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托福听力讲义图文.docx
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托福听力讲义图文
新托福强化听力讲义
新托福考试听力部分介绍
1.新托福和旧托福的对比
2.题量,时间,分数
3.题目的考查形式
考场环境:
独立电脑,耳机,铅笔,草稿本电脑环境:
图片,视频,声音,板书新题型:
双选题,重听题,表格配对题答题时间:
总时间限制,每题分配时间不限答题流程:
永不悔改
4.文章材料的考查形式
文章结构:
删除了旧托福的PARTA部分,更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度:
比旧托福长
文章语速:
无所谓快慢,比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型:
对话,独白,讨论CONVERSATION文章思路
LECTURE文章思路
第1页
5.新托福考试题型概述
第2页
第3页
6.界面展示
第4页
7.IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分
第5页
托福听力中的九大语音问题
1.语速问题
托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题
2.连读问题
托福听力过程中的连读问题
(1)关键性词语出现连读:
否定形式
●notatall:
Themeetingyesterdaywasn’tatallboring.
(2)常用性词语出现连读
●forhim
连读中的基本规则
(1)辅音+元音连读
●Iwasfoundonthegroundbythefountainaboutafieldofasummerstride.●Notatall.●Rushhour.
●ThisdictionaryisnotexactlywhatIwantedbutitwilldo.●Travelagency,travelagent
(2)辅音+辅音连读
●Somemoney,bikekey
(3)元音+元音连读
●Beontime
(4)H连读
●Ilenthimabook.
●Larryistakingalotofart,isn’the?
●Thestuffthenursegavemeseemedtohavehelped.
●Imusthaveleftmykeysatmysister’shouse.●Shelearnedtousethecomputeronherown.
(5)其他特殊连读
●【t】+【j】=【ch】:
meetyou,hurtyou,thatyour●【d】+【j】=【dg】:
wouldyou,handyour,didyou●【s】+【j】=【sh】:
missyou,thisyear●【z】+【j】=【g】:
asusual,becauseyou
●Example:
won’tyou,don’tyou,didn’tyou,haven’tyou,hadn’tyou,wouldn’tyou,
weren’tyou,lastyear,nextyear,notyet,didyou,hadyou,wouldyou,Iadviceyou,Iuseyour,how’syour
如何解决连读问题
3.失爆问题
托福听力过程中的失爆问题:
【p】,【b】,【t】,【d】,【k】,【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象
●Sitdown,goodnight,friendly●-thiscalculatorisn’tworkingright.
-Ithinkyou’vegotthebatteryinupsidedown.
如何解决失爆问题
4.略读问题
托福听力过程中的略读问题:
书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来
●Iam=I’m,youhave=you’ve,howis=how’s,thatwould=that’d●Doesn’t,didn’t,shouldn’t,hadn’t,hasn’t,wouldn’t,won’t
●OfficialguideP199:
OK.Sowe’vetalkedaboutsomedifferenttypesofrootsystemsofplants,
andI’veshownyousomeprettycoolslides,butnowIwanttotalkabouttheextentoftherotsystem-theoverallsizeoftherootsystem…thedepth.
如何解决略读问题
●I’m,you’re,she’s,they’re,there’s,he’s,who’s
●We’ve,he’ll,she’d,she’ll,she’s,they’d,they’ve,they’ll●Can’t,weren’t,won’t,aren’t,wouldn’t,shouldn’t●Gotta,gonna
5.弱读问题
托福听力过程中的弱读问题
(1)介词弱化:
●stayathome,doitforfun,comefromChina,gointhehouse,acupofcoffee,thetrainto
Paris
(2)代词弱化:
●Phoneuswhenyouarefree.●I’velostmybook.
(3)连词弱化:
●Pleasegivemesomecreamandsugar.●EitherTomorPetercancome.
如何解决弱读问题
6.英美音差异问题
托福听力过程中的英美音问题
(1)【r】音问题
●Idea,really
●Theyweren’tatthedormlastnight.
(ATheywenttothedormitory.(BTheydidn’tgotothedormitory.
●-Thesnowisreallycomingdown,isn’tit?
-RarelydowehavesomuchsnowinDecember.-Whatdoesthemanmean?
(AitistypicalDecemberweatherforthisregion.
(Bsuchalargeamountofsnowisunusualforthismonth.
(2)【o】【a:
】
●Glass,class,fast●Hot,box,rock
(3)其他情况
●Neither
如何解决英美音问题
●常见易混音:
Course-cause,oncemore-onesmall,career-Korea,worse-was,bore-ball,
door-doll,core-call,tear-tea,short-shot
●不加儿化音的词:
China,Australia,banana,wall
●常见英美音不同读法:
Neither,either,record,cupboard,cassette,garage,laboratory,adult,
ordinarity,secretary,dictionary
7.词性变音问题
托福听力过程中的词性变音问题
●Method-methodically
●校园词汇的变音:
meterology,economics,geography如何解决词性变音问题
●Company-companion,library-librarian,geography-geographical,ignore-ignorant,
photo-photographer-photographic,declare-declaration,economy-economic-economical,invite-invitation,technology-technological,type-typical,wild-wildness
8.缩写问题
托福听力过程中的缩写问题
●Sitcom●Chemlab●prof
如何解决词性缩写问题
●Intro.Course=introductorycourse导论性课Demo=demonstration演示Memo=
memorandum备忘录Info.=Information信息Expo=exposition博览会Chem.=chemistry化学Comm.=commerce商业Tech=technology技术Ad.=advertisement广告Dorm=dormitory寝室M.A.=MasterofArts文学硕士M.S.=MasterofScience理学硕士B.A.=BachelorofArts文学士B.S.=BachelorofScience理学士alga=algebra代数学、代数anat=anatomy解剖学、解剖archit=architecture建筑学、建筑arith=arithmetic算术、算术astron
=astronomy天文学、天文eng=engineering工程学、工程electr=electricity电学、电fin=finance财政学、财政geol=geology地质学、地质geom=geometry几何学、几何gram=grammar文法hist=history历史、史ling=linguistics语言学、语言maths=mathematics数学、数学mech=mechanics机械学、机械med=medical医学、医met=meteorology气象学、气象myth=mythology神话phil=philosophy哲学phon=phonetics语言学、语言photo=photography摄影术、摄影phys=physics物理学、物理physiol=physiology生理学、生理pol=politics政治学、政治psych=psychology心理学、心理
9.数字问题
托福听力过程中的数字问题
●逗号原则
●1,234,567,890:
●=:
equalto,thesameas●≠:
difference
●↑:
increase,promote,enhance,improve●↓:
decrease,fall,worsen
●+:
plus,add,besides,moreover●-:
minus,deduct,except●→:
resultin,leadto
●←:
originatefrom,datebackto
●√:
correct,good,positive,affirmative●×:
wrong,bad,mistaken,negative●☆:
outstanding,elite
●∵:
because,owingto,thanksto,since,as
●∴:
therefore,consequently,asaresult,so,hence●∑:
total,amount●γ:
government缩写
●ableBL:
PRBL,RSBL,DBL●ingG:
SHPG●tionN:
OPTN,NAN●mentT:
AGRMT●izeZ:
RCGNZ,OGNZ●tiveTV:
EFCTV,●fulFL:
SCFL●lessLS:
RGDLS●ent/antT:
URGT●al/ialL:
ARVL
练习
SampleScript:
Americanuniversitieshavebeenofferingclassesonlinethroughcomputersforanumberofyears.Now,somenewlycreatedcollegesareofferingacademicdegreesonline.Oneuniversityoffersbothbachelor’sdegreesandmaster’sdegrees.Officialsaytheytrytoprovidestudentswithasocialexperienceaswellasaneducationalone.Forexample,insomeprograms,groupsofthesamesixstudentsprogressthroughalltheirclassestogether.Theycommunicatebycomputer.Anotheronlineschoolusesaproblem-solvingmethodofteaching.Studentsattempttosolverealproblemsintheirclassesonlineinsteadofreadinginformation.
Studentswhohavetakenonlineclassessaytheylikethembecausetheydonothavetotraveltobuildingatasettimetolistentoaprofessor.Professorssaytheyhavebettercommunicationwithstudentsthroughe-mailnotesthantheydoinmanytraditionalclasses.
新托福听力文章套路
1.托福听力中的重点原则
原则一:
大写原则
原则二:
开头结尾原则:
3T-2M原则原则三:
重复原则原则四:
转折对比原则原则五:
强调原则原则六:
比较原则原则七:
建议原则原则八:
举例原则原则九:
现在原则原则十:
解释原则原则十一:
因果原则原则十二:
观点态度原则原则十三:
特殊问句原则
2.举例:
OFFICIALGUIDEPRACTICESET1——CONVERSATION3.举例:
OFFICIALGUIDEPRACTICESET2——LECTURE
1.课程相关事务场景
场景特点:
主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。
一定以conversation出现,常见话题有:
安
排考试,调课事宜,课程辅助材料等。
常见套路:
(1)和考试相关:
考试分数;考试复习;安排考试;考试分数
(2)和课程相关:
课程目的;课程类型;课程形式,课程作业(3)和作业相关:
作业类型;作业方法;交作业相关(4)和论文相关:
论文的分数场景词汇:
●Discussion,presentation,topic,lecture,goodchoice,slide,library,collection,check,librarian●Report,officehour,submit,ondisk,hardcopy,softcopy,computer,print,computerlab●Project,tonof,cover,re-write,researchdata,information,input,presentation,complete
●Termpaper,grade,complicated,terriblemistake,editedversion,submit,overtired,stressed,
rushingagainsttheclock,mark,draft,print,finalpaper,maintainingaverage,application,drop,re-take,due,extention,discuss,checkback,re-reading,submission
●Information,examschedule,term,date,book,department,invigilator,signup,sheet,bulletin
board,facultylounge,square,draft,dean,review,drawup,manually,consult,register
●Physiology100,sophomore,secondyearcourse,firstyearstudent,transfer,beginmyfirst
lecture,introduce,complete,approach,lawsofphysicsandchemistry,processoflife,vitalforce,philosophicalapproach,scientificexperimentation
●Finalexam,midterm,multiplechoicequestion,essayquestion,comprehensiveexam,the
subject,review,textbook,classnote,thefinalwillcountfor50%ofyourgrade,researchproject,runintoproblems
●Schoolbulletin,requiredwritingcourse,firstyearstudent,thirdyearstuent,researchpaper,
signup,covertheentireprocessofwritingaresearchpaper,selectingtopic,finalformat,presentation,handin,assignment,finalgrade
●Classmeeting,lecture,differentconcept,handin,issue,revision,grade
●Researchpaper,due,proposedtopics,makecomment,themostfrequentproblem,broad,
preliminaryoutline,schedule,available,appointment,finaloutline,nomorethantwopageslong,thesisstatement,precisestatement,conclusion
●Workshop,intensive,techniquesandskills,personalattention,register,advantage
●Consecutivesummer,communitycenter,seminar,workshop,beginningstudents,advanced
students,lastfourweeks,creditisawarded,information
●Discuss,schedule,midterm,administer,attendance,optionalclass场景例题:
2.相关事务+专业讨论场景
场景特点:
场景性开场白+中间专业内容+场景性结尾。
开头老师常见的会有几种寒暄,结尾老师会总
结收场,中间的专业段落在专业场景中会涉及。
常见套路:
(1)开头寒暄套路
(2)结尾总结套路场景词汇:
场景例题:
见专业段落
3.选课场景
场景特点:
一类是学生和学生之间讨论选课,一类是老师和学生之间讨论选课。
开场白部分即可判定
其为选课场景,文章内容和结构都相对固定。
常见套路:
(1)文章的主题:
Whydoesthewomacometoseetheman?
Whatisthetopicofthe
conversation?
Whatisthemainsubjectoftheconversation?
(2)老师对学生的疑问:
Whatdoestheprofessorconcernabout?
●课程太难听不懂●学生选课太多跟不上●学生基础太差
(3)学生对自己情况的分析(4)关于退课和放弃课程(5)文章结尾的延伸:
Whatistheteachergoingtodonext?
Whatisthestudentgoingtodonext?
Whatdoesthestudentfeelattheendoftheconversation?
场景词汇:
●Course,semester,summersession,elective,birdcourse,splendor,lecturehall,lab,tough
decision,pick,choose,grade,relaxed,paper,finalexam,advice,signup
●Enquiry,creditcourse,off-campus,program,remote,access,internet,degree,distance
education,diploma,requirement,format,printmaterials,audio-tapes,video,teleconferencing,deliver,cost,fixeddate,history490
●Drop,fail,math101,rough,test,medschool
●Useyouradvice,dopremed,intro
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