本科毕业设计论文外文翻译英国需要公法形式的商会吗论文文献翻译中英文对照翻译.docx
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本科毕业设计论文外文翻译英国需要公法形式的商会吗论文文献翻译中英文对照翻译.docx
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本科毕业设计论文外文翻译英国需要公法形式的商会吗论文文献翻译中英文对照翻译
中文3125字
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译--英国需要公法形式的商会吗?
外文翻译原文:
DoesBritainneedpubliclawstatusChambersofCommerce?
Legalstatus
ThecontrastbetweenprivateandpubliclawstatusisthekeydifferentiatingfactorbetweentheChambersystemsofBritainontheonehand,andFranceandGermanyontheother.DifferinglegalstatusreflectsthecontrastingtraditionsofvoluntarismintheUK,leadingtoabeliefintheprimacyofmarketforcesinthecontextofthebusinesssupportenvironment,andofstateinterventioninFranceandGermany,alliedtobusinesspromotion.TheformertraditionexplainstheexistenceofprivatelawChambersinBritain,withvoluntarymembership,non-statutoryfundingandindependentdeterminationofmissionsandbusinesssupportactivities.Thelatterexplainstheexistenceofpowerful,publiclawChambersinFranceandGermany,withmandatorymembership,substantialstatutoryfundingandamixofstateprescribedandself-determinedactivities.
Advantagesofpubliclawstatus
FrenchandGermanrespondentsdescribedthebenefitsofpubliclawstatusintermsofthefacilitationofpartnershipbetweenbusinessandgovernment,greaterpoliticalinfluenceforbusiness,operationalindependenceandeaseoflong-termplanningforChambers,togetherwithsufficientresourcesforthemtoprovidehighqualityservicesforbusiness.
Disadvantagesofpubliclawstatus
FrenchandGermanrespondentsidentifiedfewweaknessesinthepubliclawsystem.Potentialproblemswere,however,seenintermsofbureaucracy,imageproblemsandlimitstoChambers'independence.UKChamberrespondentsregardedpubliclawstatuswithsuspicion,andconsideredthatitsintroductionmightunderminethevitalityandentrepreneurialcharacterofUKChambers.FortheUKrespondents,thedisadvantagesweregreaterinnumberandincludesubjugationtostatecontrol,theofferoffewerservicestobusiness,theexistenceofpoliticalandbusinessoppositiontopublicstatusintheUK,andthelikelyalienationofpublicstatusChambersfrommemberfirms.
Advantagesofprivatelawstatus
BothUKrespondentsemphasised,instead,theadvantagesofprivatelawstatus,includingtheprincipleofvoluntaryChambermembershipandits“guarantee”ofdejure(Inotdefacto)Chamberindependencefromgovernmentcontrol.However,severalproblemscreatedbyprivatelawstatuswereidentified,includingthetraditionallackofgovernmentsupportforUKChambers,theirlackofpoliticalinfluence,government'sunwillingnesstoconsultthemoverissuesaffectingbusiness,andtheexistenceofdamagingcompetitionfromprivatesectorprovidersinUKChambers'keymarkets.
Disadvantagesofprivatelawstatus
UKrespondentsdidrecognisetheproblemscreatedbyprivatelawstatus,includinglackofpoliticalinfluence,lackofgovernmentsupportand/orconsultation,andcompetitionwithprivatesectorproviders.
Advantagesofcompulsorymembership
RegardingtheissueofChambermembership,FrenchandGermanrespondentstooktheviewthatmandatorymembershipleadstoarangeofbenefits,enablingChamberstoimprovetheirbusinessrepresentationandlegitimacy,promotingtheirfinancialstrengthandallowingthemtoofferabroaderrangeofservices,ofhighquality,supportedbyalargeandwell-qualifiedstaffingestablishment.Arangeofspecificadvantageswereidentified,includingcomprehensivelocalbusinessmembership,balancedrepresentationoflocaleconomicinterests,legitimacyasthevoiceoflocalbusiness,responsivenesstomembers'wishes,Chamberempowermentindealingwiththestate,enhancedlobbyingpower,improvedforwardplanningandenhancedefficiencyandeffectiveness.
DisadvantagesofcompulsorymembershipAnumberofproblemswithcompulsorymembershipwereidentifiedbyFrenchandGermanrespondents.TheseincludedlackofgeneralbusinessawarenessofChamberservices,theunderuseofservicesbysomemembers,andconflictsofinterestamongstmembers.Paradoxically,bothabigfirmbiasandaSMEbiaswereputforwardasadisadvantage.UKrespondentssuggestedthatproblemsincludethedangeroflowerresponsivenesstomembers'needs,withChambermembershipbeingvaluedlessbyinvoluntarymembercompanies,andresultingpoorerrelationshipsbetweenChambersandmembers.
Advantagesofnon-statutorymembership
UKrespondentsconsideredthattherewasnoneedforcompulsorymembershiptobeintroducedintotheBritishChambersystem,arguingthattheadvantagesofnon-statutorymembershipwerethatitallowsafocusontheneedsofmembers,ensuresclosenesstothemarketonthepartofChambers,andgoodrelationshipswithmembers.TheysuggestedthatvoluntarymembershipleadsbothtomembercommitmentandtoChamberlegitimacy.
Disadvantagesofnon-statutorymembership
UKrespondentsidentifiednosuchdisadvantages.Incontrast,however,oneGermanr
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