版高考英语译林版一轮复习基础考点聚焦课后达标检测必修2 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained Wor.docx
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版高考英语译林版一轮复习基础考点聚焦课后达标检测必修2Unit1TalesoftheunexplainedWor
课时练1 2篇阅读+1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·马鞍山质量预测)
Ifyou’veeverhadadog,youknowjusthowdeepaconnectionyoucandevelopwith“man’sbestfriend”.Butadog’slifeismuchshorterthanhumans,about12to15yearslong,whichmeanseverydogownerhastogothroughtheheartbreakingmomentwhentheirlovingpetpassesaway.
Whynotmakeacloneofthatdogthen?
ThisisthesolutionofferedbyaSouthKoreancompany,SooamBiotechResearchFoundation.Thecompanyhasalreadysuccessfullyclonedatleast400dogs,mostlyforUScustomers,eversinceitpioneeredthetechniquein2005.Now,SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones.
Tocloneadog,researchersfirstneedtotakeaskincellfromalivingdogoronethathasjustdied.Meanwhile,anotherdogisselectedtosupplyanegg.ResearchersthenreplacetheDNAintheeggwiththatfromtheskincellandimplanttheeggintothewomb(子宫)ofafemaledog.Theegggrowsintoapuppyoverthefollowingtwomonths.
Thewholeprocesstakesaveryshorttime,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around£63,000.Butifyoucan’tafforditnow,youcanalsosavethecellinalaboratoryandaccessitatalaterdate.
However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.Justlikeidenticaltwinsofhumans,theysharetheexactlysameDNAbuttherewillstillbesmalldifferencesbetweenthem.“ThespotsonaDalmatian(斑点狗)clonewillbedifferent,forexample,”InsungHwang,headofSooamBiotech,toldTheGuardian.
Dogownerswillalsohavetoacceptthefactthatpersonalityisnot“cloneable”.Apartfromgenes,personalityisalsodeterminedbyupbringingandenvironment,whicharebothrandomelementsthatcloningtechnologiessimplycannotovercome,ProfessorTomKirkwoodatNewcastleUniversity,UK,toldTheTelegraph.
Perhapsbringingourdogsbackbycloningisnotthebestwaytorememberthemafterall.Kirkwood,adogownerhimself,pointedout,“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了克隆狗技术。
1.WhatservicedoesSooamBiotechResearchFoundationoffer?
A.Makingcopiesofpetdogs.
B.Givingpetdogsidenticaltwins.
C.Helpingdogsgivebirthtomorepuppies.
D.Helpingdogownerslovetheirdogsmore.
A 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句“Now,SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones.”可知,这家公司所提供的服务就是克隆已逝的宠物狗,故选A。
2.Whichorderiscorrectinthedogcloningprocess?
a.Aneggistakenfromanotherdog.
b.Askincellistakenfromthepetdog.
c.Theegggrowsintoapuppyintwomonths.
d.Theeggisplacedinthewombofafemaledog.
e.TheDNAintheeggisreplacedbytheDNAfromtheskincell.
A.a→d→b→e→c.B.a→e→b→d→c.
C.b→a→d→e→c.D.b→a→e→d→c.
D 解析:
细节理解题。
根据对第三段的整体理解可知,实验的第一步是从狗身上提取皮肤细胞,另一只被选择的狗提供一个卵子,将卵子中的DNA替换成皮肤细胞中的DNA之后,将卵子植入一只母狗的子宫,最后卵子在接下来的两个月中生长为一只小狗,故选D。
3.Whatcanwelearnaboutdogcloningfromthepassage?
A.Ithasnotbeenputintopracticeuntilrecently.
B.ItisverypopularamongUSandUKpetowners.
C.Itmightnotgivetheownersanexactlysamedog.
D.Itisveryexpensiveandusuallytakeshalfayeartocomplete.
C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第五段第一句“However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.”可知,克隆狗和原来的狗可能并非完全一样,故选C。
4.WhatdoesKirkwoodthinkofdogcloning?
A.Hedisagreeswithit.
B.Hesupportsit.
C.Heiscuriousaboutit.
D.Hethinksitunbelievable.
A 解析:
观点态度题。
根据最后一段Kirkwood说的话“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo.”可知,他认为人类和宠物狗之间的关系的一个重要方面是要接受失去它们的痛苦。
由此可推知,Kirkwood并不赞成克隆狗,故选A。
B
(2020·黄山高三模拟)
Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationsashouseholdhelpandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.
AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwigMaximiliansUniversität(LMU),havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.
AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:
“Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?
”Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical(假设的)moraldilemma:
Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?
Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanizedtovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.
Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(无名的)humans.
“Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,”saysPaulus.“Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务,现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。
研究表明,将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。
5.Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?
A.Howtohumanizethem.
B.Howtotreattheminlife.
C.Howtousethemeffectively.
D.Howtofindmoreapplications.
B 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent”和第二段中的“havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples”可知,如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题,故B项正确。
6.Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.
A.whentosacrificearobot
B.wheretoexperiencerisks
C.whichrobottoworkwith
D.whatrobotsshouldbelike
A 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:
‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?
’”可知,该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命?
”这一问题,故A项正确。
7.WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus’words?
A.Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.
B.Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.
C.Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.
D.Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.
B 解析:
推理判断题。
根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知,Paulus认为,这一发现表明,使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。
这些努力可能会与对机器人功能的预期(帮助人类)发生冲突。
据此可知,Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当,故B项正确。
8.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Robots,aMustforFuture
B.HumanizedRobots,aNewTrend
C.RobotsSaved,PeopleTaketheHit
D.HumanizedRobotsReplaceHuman
C 解析:
标题归纳题。
通读全文可知,本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化,将人的道德水准赋予机器人,将会使人受到困扰”这一观点,故C项最适合作本文标题。
完形填空
(2020·福州质量抽测)Growingupinthe1960s,Iwastaughtfromanearlyagetosendahandwrittenthankyounoteexpressing__1__forkindness.Mymotherusedtobuymeaboxofpaperand__2__meintheartandvalueofsaying“thankyou”.She__3__toberight.
Astudyshowedthatittooklessthan5minutestowritethethankyounotes.Just5minutestomake__4__personfeeloverjoyed!
__5__,inour“instant”world,theideaofgettinganactualpenandwritinganactualnoteseemstonevercometomind.Wetendtodowhatis__6__forus—aquicktextoranemail.
It’seasytousethe__7__ofbeingbusy,butevenverybusyand__8__businessmenfindtimeto__9__thankyounotes.Forexample,whenDouglasConantbecameCEOofCampbell’s,thecompanyhad__10__halfofitsmarket,anditsvalueandmorale(士气)wasatanalltimelow.He__11__fixingthatbydoingsomesimplethingsthatareprobablynot__12__inanyMBAclass.Foronething,Conantwrotetoevery__13__.Hegainedtheirconfidenceand__14__,turnedthecompany__15__.
InhistenyearsasCEO,Conantwroteover30,000notestoemployees.It’s__16__nottoaskhowhedidit.__17__,hehadmanyotherthingstodo__18__writingathankyounote.Conantmadetimefor__19__becauseheknewtheimpact(影响)eachonewouldhave.Anexpressionof__20__inthiscrazyworldstillmakesadifference.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
小时候,妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激,并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值;研究表明,不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条会让他人感到快乐。
1.A.concernB.sympathy
C.affectionD.appreciation
D 解析:
根据该句中的“ahandwrittenthankyounoteexpressing______forkindness”可知,该处指用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激(appreciation),故D项正确。
A项意为“担心,关心”;B项意为“同情”;C项意为“喜爱”。
2.A.consultB.instruct
C.answerD.impress
B 解析:
根据该句“Mymotherusedtobuymeaboxofpaper...andvalueofsaying‘thankyou’.”可知,“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸,并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值,故B项正确。
A项意为“咨询”;C项意为“回答”;D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。
3.A.remainedB.proved
C.appearedD.claimed
B 解析:
根据语境尤其是下文可推知,此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的,故B项符合语境。
A项意为“保持”;C项意为“显得”;D项意为“声称”。
4.A.oneB.any
C.eachD.another
D 解析:
根据空前一句可知,写感谢便条花费不到五分钟的时间;并结合该句和常识可推知,此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴,故D项正确。
5.A.YetB.Therefore
C.SoD.Otherwise
A 解析:
根据该句中的“seemstonevercometomind”并结合上文可知,尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条能让他人感到快乐,但是(Yet),在我们这个“快捷的”世界里,人们似乎不愿意用这种方式来表达谢意;据此可推知,该处前后表示转折关系,故A项正确。
6.A.specialB.necessary
C.convenientD.important
C 解析:
根据该句中的“aquicktextoranemail”可推知,该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式——快速发送的短信或电子邮件,故C项正确。
7.A.caseB.excuse
C.e
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