被动语态讲解及练习.docx
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被动语态讲解及练习.docx
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被动语态讲解及练习
被动语态
一、被动语态的定义
英语中有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
如:
WespeakEnglish.句子中主语we是speak(讲)这个动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:
Englishisspokenbythem.句子中主语English是speak(讲)这个动作的承受者,即英语被讲。
被动语态相当于汉语的“被”字句。
二、被动语态的构成
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化来体现的。
被动语态的构成是:
主语+be+动词的过去分词
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的形式变化来表示的。
1、记住下面几种时态的被动语态的构成:
(1)一般现在时:
主语+am/is/are+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)(强调动作的执行者)例如:
1Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.
2Iamaskedtostudyhard.
③Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
(2)一般过去时:
主语+was/were+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)(强调动作的执行者)例如:
1Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.
②Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.
(3)一般将来时:
主语+will/shall+be+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)(强调动作的执行者)例如:
①Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.
②Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.
(4)现在进行时:
主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)(强调动作的执行者)例如:
①Mybikeisbeingrepaired(byTomnow).
②Treesarebeingplantedoverthere(bythem).
(5)过去进行时:
主语+was/were+being+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)(强调动作的执行者)例如:
①Theboywasbeingoperatedonwhenhisparentshurriedtothehospital. ②Thenewroadwasbeingmade.
(6)现在完成时:
主语+have/has+been+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)(强调动作的执行者)例如:
①Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
②Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.
(7)过去完成时:
主语+had+been+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)(强调动作的执行者)例如:
①Theclassroomhadn’tbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.
②TheticketshadbeensoldoutbeforeIcametothecinema.
2、含有情态动词的被动语态
主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)(强调动作的执行者)例如:
Treescanbewateredbytom.
三、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1.先找出谓语动词;
2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例:
①Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.
②LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning.
③Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.
④Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.
⑤Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.
⑥Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.→thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.
四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1.不及物动词无被动语态。
(如:
happen,takeplace,last,cost,change,begin等)
①Anaccidenthappenedtohimyesterday.
②Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.
2.当物做主语时,有些动词如sell,write,wash,cut等用主动形式表示被动意义表示被动意义。
连系动词无被动语态,而是用主动形式表示被动意义如:
feel,taste,smell,sound,look
①Thispenwriteswell.
②Thisnewbooksellswell.
③Theshirtwasheswell.
④Thesilkfeelssoft.
⑤Thefoodtastesdelicious.
⑥Theflowerssmellsweet.
3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。
例:
①makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomething
Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.
②seesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomething
Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.
4.接双宾语的动词改为被动语态
(1)直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。
例如:
①Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.
②Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.
③Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.
(2)间接宾语(人)作主语
①Hegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabookbyhim.
②Heshowedmeaticket.→Iwasshownaticketbyhim.
③Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.
5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
例如:
①Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.
②Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.
③Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.
6.不管是把主动语态变被动语态还是把被动语态变主动语态都要保持时态一
五、巩固练习
I.填空题
1.Computerscience_____(teach)nowalmostinalluniversitiesandinstitutes.
2.Anewkindofspacesuit_____(make)lastDecemberinourfactory.
3.Inmostpartsoftheworldhumanproblems_____(study)atthattime.
4.Electricity______(discover)twothousandyearsago.
II.句型转换
1.Wasanotherman-madesatellitesentupintospacebythemlastyear?
(被动变主动)
____________________anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastyear?
2.WangWeimendedthedesk.(主动变被动)
Thedesk_________byWangWei.
3.Someonesawhimentertheteachers’office.(主动变被动)
He_________________theteachers’office.
4.Weheardhersingasongattheparty.(主动变被动)
She_________________asongattheparty.
5.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.(主动变被动)
Silk__________inSuzhou.
6.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.(主动变被动)
ANewYearCard____________mebyLucylastweek.
7.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(主动变被动)
Metal________formakingmachines.
8.Hemademedothatforhim.(主动变被动)
I________________thatforhim.
9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?
(主动变被动)
____abridge____herebythemayearago?
III.主动句转被动句
1、Hismothertoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.
2、FathergavemeatoyatChristmas.
3、Thisfactoryproducesmachinetools.
4、Theyshoulddoitatonce.
5、Heislikelytoletyoudown.
6、TheynamedthechildTom.
IV.选择最佳答案
()1.Thousandsoftreesonthemountain______bythepeoplelastspring.
A.plantedB.wasplantedC.wereplantedD.planting
()2.Chinese_____bymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.
A.isspeakingB.spokeC.isspokenD.speaks
()3.---DidyougotoTom’sparty?
---No,I______.
A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvited
C.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvited
()4.Therewasanimportantmeetinglastweek.Mr.Smith___toit.
A.invitedB.isinvitedC.wasinvitedD.invites
()5.---What’swrongwiththeboy?
---He____byacaryesterday.
A.hitB.hitsC.ishitD.washit
()6._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build
()7.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappened
C.ishappenedD.happened
()8.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow
()9.Neitherofthem______inChina.
A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made
()10.Yourshoes____.Youneedanewpair.
A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn
()11.--When_______thiskindofcomputers______?
--Lastyear.
A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used
()12.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown
()13.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
()14.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
()15.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina_______onOctober1,1949.
A.found B.wasfoundedC.isfounded D.wasfound
()16.English____inCanada.
A.speaks B.arespokenC.isspeaking D.isspoken
()17.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensang C.isoftensangD.isoftensung
()18.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
()19.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
()20.Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
()21.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'msorry.___.
A.itsoldB.it'sselling
C.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
()22.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuilt C.beenbuilt D.bebuilding
()23.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleft B.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
()24.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.need B.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
()25.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished
()26.Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
()27.Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten
()28.Thesportsmeeting___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn't B.won't C.isn't D.doesn't
()29.-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
()30.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are
()31.___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do
()32.Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetinghold B.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'theld
()33.Whowasthebook___?
A.write B.wrote C.written D.writtenby
()34.Where___theseboxesmade?
A.was B.were C.is D.am
()35.Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewater B.mustbewatered
C.mustwatered D.mustwater
()36.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekept B.beborrowed C.keep D.borrow
()37.Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmend B.canmended C.canbemend D.canbemended
()38.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuilt
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt
()39.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.
A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
()40.Theoldstonebridge___nextweek
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuild
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild
()41.Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.
A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept
()42.Thepot___for___hotwater
A.used;keepingB.wasused;keeping
C.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep
()43.Tea___
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