高考英语阅读主旨题解题方法19页.docx
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高考英语阅读主旨题解题方法19页.docx
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高考英语阅读主旨题解题方法19页
高考英语阅读主旨题解题方法
知识背景:
主旨题在高考阅读中主要以一下三种方式呈现
1Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
2Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
3Whatisthebesttittleofthepassage?
一主旨句法(尤其适用于议论文和说明文)
主旨句的特点和寻找方法
(一)直抒胸臆型.具体找主旨句方式1看首段有没有转折词(but,yet,however,althoughunfortunately等),若有即该句很有可能是主旨句2若没有转折词,看尾句是否有总结性的语句,若有,则尾句是.3若不存在两种情况,则第一句是4检查你选定的主句句,主句局一般带有观点性说明性的语言而不是描述性的语言(描述性语言最明显的是带有数字的句子,一般不会是主旨句),若通过前三步判断的主旨句是描述性的,择顺延到下一句.
新课标全国二卷
Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofdietplan.
Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces-andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.
Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.
Don’tforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes,Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.
Downsizethedishes,Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.
25.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout_______.
A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshape
C.housebuyingD.healthydiets
28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetest
A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFatB.WaysofServingDinner
C.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing
本文可以利用上面的解题思路定位到Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure你的房子对你的身材有影响或者Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofdietplan.这是一些把你的家变成节食计划的一部分.所以25题这篇文章尤其对于那些关心B选项:
身形的人最有用.最为合理
28题文章最佳标题只有A选型你的房子使你变胖么?
与主旨有关系,所以A为正确答案
天津高考原题
OncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadviceI’veeverhad:
Beboldandbrave—andmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid.
ThosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenIhadfallenshortinthepast,itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.Ontheotherhand,wheneverIhadplungedintodeepwater,forcedbycourageorcircumstance,IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthegroundagain.
Boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess:
energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.
Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritualones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasanexcellentfootballplayer,eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer,whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgoalline,”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet—andstoppedhimcold.”
Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuildsup.Surely,therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife;boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.
So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities—andyou’llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.
55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?
A.Toencouragepeopletobecourageous.
B.Toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower.
C.Totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess.
D.Torecommendpeopletodevelopmoreabilities.
本文主旨句是Beboldandbrave—andmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid.
含义为:
大胆和勇敢,然后强大的力量就会来帮助你.所以A选项,为了鼓励人们变得更勇敢最符合文章主旨.
(二)欲说还羞型1通过一个事例引出观点2通过驳斥或者发展别人的观点,来引出自己的观点3通过设问引出自己的观点(抛出问题,吸引兴趣,再提出自己的观点)
特点:
驳斥(或补充说明)别人的观点,进而提出自己的观点
解题思路:
1识别出别人的观点和支持别人观点的内容(很多人人为,大多数人人为等为明显标志)2识别出支持别人观点的内容3自然就找到作者或者本文真正的观点
天津C篇
WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.
Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”
Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.
Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working----atanyage----isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence---theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”
本文主旨句提出方式.是通过一个事例引出观点本文第一段为一个事例,第二段中thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.为全文主旨句,文章后面内容是围绕这句话展开的.本文没有设置主题,可以通过本文了解这种主旨句的提出方式
天津D.
Whenaskedabouthappiness,weusuallythinkofsomethingextraordinary,anabsolutedelight,whichseemstogetrarertheolderweget.
Forkids,happinesshasamagicalquality.Theirdelightatwinningaraceorgettinganewbikeisunreserved(毫不掩饰的).
Intheteenageyearstheconceptofhappinesschanges.Suddenlyit’sconditionalonsuchthingsasexcitement,loveandpopularity.Icanstillrecalltheexcitementofbeinginvitedtodancewiththemostattractiveboyattheschoolparty.
Inadulthoodthethingsthatbringdeepjoy----love,marriage,birth----alsobringresponsibilityandtheriskofloss.Foradults,happinessiscomplicated(复杂的)
Mydefinitionfohappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment”.Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromthecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,andevengoohealth.
Iexperiencedmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirstIwasoverjoyedwhenIshutthelastlunch-boxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidsandmyhusbandcamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequietoftheday.
Psychologiststellusthattobehappyweneedamixofenjoyableleisuretimeandsatisfyingwork.Idon’tthinkthatmygrandmother,whoraised14children,hadmuchofeither.Shedidhaveanetworkofclosefriendsandfamily,andmaybethisiswhatsatisfiedher.
We,however,withsomanychoicesandsuchpressuretosucceedineveryarea,haveturnedhappinessintoonemorethingwe’vegottohave.We’vesoself-consciousaboutour“right”toitthatit’smakingusmiserable.Sowechaseitandequalitwithwealthandsuccess,withoutnoticingthatthepeoplewhohavethosethingsaren’tnecessarilyhappier
Happinessisn’taboutwhathappenstous----it’sabouthowweseewhathappenstous.It’stheskillfulwayoffindingapositiveforeverynegative.It’snotwishingforwhatwedon’thave,butenjoyingwhatwedopossess.
55.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?
A.Happinessliesbetweenthepositiveandthenegative
B.Eachmanisthemasterofhisownfate
C.Successleadstohappiness
D.Happyishewhoiscontent
本文提出主旨句的方法是:
通过驳斥或者发展别人的观点,来引出自己的观点.本文先提到大多数人对于快乐是什么看法,然后提出自己的观点Mydefinitionfohappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment”.Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.我对快乐的定义是享受的能力.我们越能享受我们所拥有的,我们就越快乐.所以55题D选项快乐是满足的人,符合文章主旨
(四川高考英语
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