中考英语专题 直接引语和间接引语.docx
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中考英语专题 直接引语和间接引语.docx
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中考英语专题直接引语和间接引语
教育学科教师辅导讲义
学员编号:
年级:
课时数:
学员姓名:
辅导科目:
学科教师:
授课
类型
C直接引语变间接引语人称与时态变化
C直接引语变间接引语句型变化
T综合练习
授课日期时段
教学内容
1、专题精讲
知识点1:
定义
直接引语:
引述人的话语时,若引用的是原话,被引用的部分叫直接引语.
Shesaid,‘Ilikeeatingfishverymuch.’
Pansyasked,‘Whenwillwepublishournewspaper?
’
间接引语:
当我们要引用别人的话语时,可以用自己的话把意思转述出来,这种转述别人说话的部分叫间接引语.
Shesaid,‘Ilikeeatingfishverymuch.’→Shesaidshelikedeatingfishverymuch.
知识点2:
变人称
“一随主,二随宾,三不变”。
1.“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:
Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
2.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称,如:
HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?
"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。
3.“三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如:
MrSmithsaid."Jackisagoodworker."→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.
知识点2:
变时态
1.如果主句的动词是现在时或将来时,间接引语中的时态不变.
IgotothebeacheverySaturday.→MarysaysshegoestothebeacheverySaturday.
Iwillcallyoutomorrow.→Hesayshewillcallmethenextday.
2.如果主句动词的时态是过去时,间接引语中的时态要变成相应的过去时态.
IlikeEnglishverymuch.→HesaidhelikedEnglishverymuch.
Wewillhaveatesttomorrow.→Hesaidtheywouldhaveatestthenextday.
Iamhavingalessonnow.→Hesaidhewashavingalessonthen.
Iamgoingtogofishingnextweek.→Shesaidshewasgoingtogofishingthenextweek.
Icandance.→Hesaidhecoulddance.
Youryoungerbrotherbrokethewindow.→Shesaidmyyoungerbrotherhadbrokenthewindow.
即:
主句动词的时态是过去时:
1)一般现在时变为一般过去时
2)现在进行时变为过去进行时
3)一般将来时变为过去将来时
从句时态4)现在完成时变为过去完成时
5)一般过去时变为过去完成时
6)过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时
注意:
1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
如:
Theteachersaid“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。
如:
Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1973.”
→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.
知识点2:
其他变化
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规律,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:
now变为then,yesterday。
变为thedaybefore)地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:
this改为that),如:
Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.
1.时间状语的变化
now→thenlastmonth→themonthbeforetoday→thatnighttoday→thatday
threedaysago→threedaysbeforetomorrow→thenextday
thisweek→thatweeknextmonth→thenextmonthyesterday→thedaybefore
thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays
【例句】Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.
2.指示代词的变化this→thatthese→those
【例句】Shesaid:
“Iwillcomethismorning.”Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.
3.地点状语的变化here→there
【例句】Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”
Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.
4.谓语动词的变化come→go
【例句】Shesaid,“Iwillcomeheretomorrow.”
Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.
二、专题过关
检测题
(一):
请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。
1.“I'mgladtoreceiveyoure-mail,”saidhe.
2.Hesaidtome,“Areyougoinghomethisweekend?
”
3.“Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?
”saidshe.
4.Shesaidtome,“Don'trideinthestreet.”
5.“Standwhereyouare!
”thepolicesaidtotheyoungman.
Keys:
1.Hesaidthathewasgladtoreceivemye-mail.
2.HeaskedmeifIwasgoinghomethatweekend.
3.SheaskedhowIlikedthefoodthere.
4.Shetoldmenottorideinthestreet.
5.Thepoliceorderedtheyoungmantostandwherehewas.
检测题
(二):
把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般现在时
1)“WegotoschoolonSaturday.”Theysay
2)“IwanttogiveyoursisteraChristmascard.”Kellysays
3)“IwillvisitmydaughterinMarch.”Hesays
4)Shesays,“I’mgladtomeetyou.”Shetellsus
Keys:
1)TheysaytheygotoschoolonSaturday.
2)KellysaysshewantstogivemysisteraChristmascard.
3)HesayshewillvisithisdaughterinMarch.
4)Shetellsussheisgladtomeetus.
把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般过去时
5)“Iamateacher.”Hesaid
6)“Weareatthecoffeeshop.”Theysaid
7)“Idon’thaveanybooksaboutanimals.”RiktoldAnnie
8)“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Theteachersaid
Keys:
5)Hesaidhewasateacher.
6)Theysaidtheywereatthecoffeeshop.
7)RiktoldAnnietheydidn`thaveanybooksaboutanimals.
8)Theteachersaidtheearthgoesroundthesun.
把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般现在时
1)Ireallydon’tknow.“Didtheygototheparkyesterday?
”Ireallydon’tknow
2)Theprincipalwantstoknow.“Dothestudentsstudyhard?
”Theprincipalwantstoknow
Keys:
1)Ireallydon`tknowiftheywenttotheparkyesterday.
2)Theprincipalwantstoknowifthestudentsstudyhard.
把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般过去时
3)Theywondered.”Shallwebuysomefoodforpicnic?
”Theywondered
4)“Isyourmotheradoctorornot?
”Lucyaskedme.Lucyaskedme
Keys:
3)Theywonderedweifweshouldbuysomefoodforpicnic.
4)Lucyaskedmewhethermymotherwasadoctorornot.
把直接引语变成间接引语(特殊疑问句)一般现在时
1)Jackwantstoknow.”Wheredoesyourcousinlive?
”Jackwantstoknow
2)Doyouknow.“Whosebookisit?
”Doyouknow
Keys:
1)Jackwantstoknowwheremycousinlives.
2)Doyouknowwhosebookitis?
直接引语变成间接引语(特殊疑问句)一般过去时
3)“Whatdoyouwant?
”Sallyaskedme.Sallyaskedme
4)“Howmuchsugarshallweputinacake?
”Sheknew.Sheknew
Keys:
3)SallyaskedmewhatIwanttodo.
4)Sheknewhowmuchsugarweshouldputinacake.
3、学法提炼
1、专题特点:
本专题主要考察时态,人称及时间状语的变化。
2、解题方法
1)时态的变化:
主句为现在时或将来时,间接引语中的时态不变.
主句为过去时,间接引语中的时态要变成相应的过去时态.
2)人称变化规则:
“一随主,二随宾,三不变”
3)时间状语的变化
3、注意事项
1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时
一、专题精讲
知识点1:
.
1.直接引语是陈述句时,变成用连词that(只起连接作用,没有任何意义)引导的宾语从句,句中时态、人称指示代词、时间、地点等作相应变化。
【例句】Hesaid:
“Youcanswimhere.”HetoldmethatIcouldswimthere.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句
直接引语是一般疑问句变成用whether或if引导的宾语从句,句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等作相应的变化。
【例句】Maryaskedme:
“AreyoufromEngland?
”
Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwasfromEngland.
注意:
*变为间接引语后要变为陈述句形式。
3.直接引语是选择疑问句
直接引语是选择疑问句,变成whether引导的宾语从句。
句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化。
【例句】Heaskedme:
“Doyouwantalongrulerorashortruler?
”
HeaskedwhetherIwantedalongrulerorashortruler.
4.直接引语是特殊疑问句
直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成用原来的疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句。
句中的时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化。
【例句】Johnaskedme,“WheredoesJimcomefrom?
”
JohnaskedmewhereJimcamefrom.
5.直接引语是祈使句
直接引语是祈使句,根据说话人的语气变成ask(请让),tell(告诉),order(命令),warm(警告)sb.todosth.结构;
直接引语是否定祈使句时,要完成ask/tell/order/warnsb.nottodosth.结构。
【例句】Shesaidtome,“Pleasesitdown.”Sheaskedmetositdown.
Mothersaidtome,“Passmesomesalt.”Motheraskedmetopasshersomesalt.
Hesaidtous:
“Don’tplayinthestreet.”Hetoldusnottoplayinthestreet.
二、专题过关
检测题
(一):
()1.Heaskedme________IwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.
A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.how
()2.He_____theydidn'tstartearlytheywouldn'tcatchthefirstbus.
A.saidthatifB.askedifC.askedwhetherD.saidthatwhether
()3.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.
A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
()4.Theteachersaidthatdoubt_______thekeyofknowledge.
A.wereB.areC.wasD.is
()5.Heaskedtheboywhere_______.
A.hismotherwasB.washismotherC.hismotherisD.ishismother
()6.Youtoldmethatyouhadseenthefilm________.
A.twodays B.twodaysbeforeC.twodaysago D.Yesterday
()7.TomsaidthathehadmetMr.Wang___________.
A.themorningbefore B.tomorrowmorning
C.yesterdaymorning D.thismorning
()8.Itoldyouthat_____________
A.onewasnevertoooldtolearnB.practicemakesperfect
C.anappleadaykeptthedoctorawayD.everycoinhadtwosides
()9.HeaskedhowI____________withmyEnglishstudy.
A.amgettingalong B.wasgettingalong
C.willbegettingalong D.havebeengettingalong
()10.I’dliketoknow______________Chinese.
A.whenhebegantolearn B.whendidhebegintolearn
C.whendidhebeginlearn D.forhowlonghebegantolearn
Keys:
BADDABABBA
检测题
(二):
陈述句
1)Shesays,“Iamateacher.”Shesays
2)Shesaid,“Iamateacher.”Shesaid
Keys:
1)Shesaysthatsheisateacher.
2)ShesaidthatshewasIwasateacher.
一般疑问句
1)“AreyoufromJapan?
”hesaystome.He()me
2)“AreyoufromJapan?
”hesaidtome.He()me
Keys:
1)HeasksmeifIamfromJapan.
2)HeaskedmeifIwasfromJapan.
特殊疑问句
3)“Whendoesthetrainarrive?
”Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme
4)“Whendoesthetrainarrive?
”Pleasetoldme.Pleasetoldme
Keys:
1)Pleasetellmewhenthetrainarrives.
2)Pleasetoldmewhenthetrainarrived.
祈使句/请求
1)“Don’tmakeanynoise.”MothersaystoTom.Mother()Tom
2)“Openthewindow.”Mr.Lisaidtome.Mr.Li()me
3)“Wouldyouliketoshowmeyourbook?
”Katesaystome.Kate()me
Keys:
1)MothertellsTomenottomakeanynoise.
2)Mr.liaskedmetoopenthewindow.
3)Kateaskedmetoshowhermybook.
4、学法提炼
1、专题特点:
句型的变化主要考查引导词以及语序。
陈述句that
引导词一般疑问句if/whether
特殊疑问句特殊疑问词
语序:
陈述句语序
2、解题方法:
首先区别句子,然后决定引导词/语序/时态/人称
口诀:
人称,时态,状语始终变
一主二宾三不变
时态向后退一格
状语变化见表格
陈述that可省略
一般疑问用if(whether)
特殊疑问去助动
以上语序为陈述
祈使句选动词(tell,ask,order,beg)
将它改为不定式
3、注意事项:
1)if和whether的用法也有区别,如果有ornot,只能用whether。
2)注意标点符号以及大小写
3)间接引语用陈述句语序
一、能力培养
把下列句子改成间接引语
1.Theteachersaidtohisclass,"Don'twasteyourtime!
"
2.Shesaidtoherson,"Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom!
"
3.Hisfathersaidtohim,"Think,beforeyoudoit!
"
4.Theteachersaidtohisstudents,"Tellbrieflyinyourownwordshowpenicillinwasdiscovered."
5.Theleadersaidtohim,"Pleasewriteyourreportasshortaspossible."
6.Hesaidtome,"Letmehavealookatthebookyoubought."
7.H
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