现代大学英语精读4lesson1知识点.docx
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现代大学英语精读4lesson1知识点.docx
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现代大学英语精读4lesson1知识点
Detailedstudyofthetext
[Paragraph1]
1. conclusion:
a)sthyoudescribeafterconsideringalltheinformationyouhave
e.g.cometo/arriveat/jumpto/reach/drawaconclusion
Thepolicecametotheinescapableconclusionthatthechildrenhadbeenmurdered.
Therewereperhapstwomainconclusionstobedrawnfromtheabovediscussion.
Allthefactsjustifytheconclusionthatheisguilty.
b)theendorfinalpartofsth
e.g.Attheconclusionoftheconference,littleprogresshasbeenmade.
c)inconclusion:
usedinapieceofwritingoraspeechtoshowthatyouareabouttofinishwhatyouaresaying
e.g.Inconclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.
concludev.
concludingadj.:
thelastremarketcinaneventorpieceofwriting
conclusiveadj.showingthatsthisdefinitelytrue
the_________sectionofChapter6
Theinvestigationfailedtoprovideany________evidence.
[Paragraph2]
2. statuetten.averysmallstatuethatcanbeputonatableorshelf
-ettesuffix(innoun):
a)asmallthingofaparticulartype
e.g.akitchenette(=smallkitchen)asnackette(=averysmallmeal),
roomette,essayette,storiette,cigarette,parasolette,historiette,
b)awomanwhoisdoingaparticularjob
e.g.anusherette(=femaleusher),sailorette,conductrette,typette,undergraduette
c)sththatisnotreal,butisimitation
e.g.leatherette,flannelette,rosette,linenette
3. nothingbut:
only;nothingexcept
e.g.Thedoctortoldherthatitwasnothingbutacold.
Hewasnothingbutacoward.
他只在乎自己的名誉和地位。
Hecaredfornothingbuthisnameandposition.
4. Sheseemedfrozeninaneternalpaniclest…farther;
eternal:
adj.
a)continuingforeverandhavingnoend
e.g.Theministerspokeofthesoul’seternallife.
TheeternalGodisyourdwellingplace.
b)seemingtocontinueforever,esp.becauseofbeingboringorannoying
e.g.Ican’tstandanymoreofhereternalnagging.
Stopthiseternalarguing.
eternityn.eternallyadv.eternalize/sev.
panic:
n.,v.
wordchoice:
fear,dread,fright,alarm,panic,terror,horror
fearoftenthemostgeneralterm,impliesanxietyandlossofcourageandtheleastintenseant.fearlessness
e.g.herfearthattherainwoulddamagehernewshoes
hisfearofdisagreeingwithhisboss
dreadusuallyaddstheideaofintensereluctancetofaceormeetapersonorsituationandsuggestsaversionaswellasanxiety
e.g.thedreadofhavingtofacehermother
Shelivesindreadofthediseasereturning.
Theprospectofflyingfilledmewithdread.
frightimpliestheshockofsudden,startlingfear
e.g.imagineourfrightatbeingawakenedbyscreams
IgotanawfulfrightwhenIrealizedhowmuchmoneyIowed.
alarmsuggestsasuddenandintenseapprehensionproducedbynewlyperceivedawarenessofimmediatedangerantassurance,composure
e.g.Hedidn’ttakealarmatthenews.//Theexplosioncausedalarm.
panicimpliesunreasoningandovermasteringfearcausinghysterical,disordered,anduselessactivity
e.g.Newsoftheinvasioncausedgreatpanic.
Thecrowdpanickedatthesoundofguns.
terrorimpliesthemostextremedegreeofconsternationorfear
e.g.Sheawakenedinterrorastheflamingroofcamecrashingdown.
Thechildhasaterrorofthunder.
horroraddstheimplicationofshudderingabhorrenceoraversionbeforeasight,activity,ordemandthatcausesfear
e.g.Sheexpressedherhorrorofterrorism.
Thesepoliciesarouseinmanypeopleahorrorandanangerthatcannotbesuppressed.
antfascination
lest:
conj.(fml)forfearthat;tomakesurethatsthwouldnothappen
e.g.Heranasfastaswecouldlestwemissthetrain.
Hedidn’ttellhisfatherabouttheexamlesthegetmadathim.
slipv.n.
wordchoice:
slide,slip
a)slidemeanstomovesmoothlyacrossasurface.Youcantalkaboutpeople,objectsorliquidssliding
e.g.Francescaslidacrosstheice.
Heslidopenthedooroftheglasscabinet.
slipmeanstoaccidentallyslideasmalldistance,andusuallythenfalldown
e.g.Sheslippedandhurtherwrist.
It’sicy−mindyoudon’tslip.
b)tomovesomewherequietly,secretlyandsmoothlyortomovesthinthisway
e.g.Danielslid/slippedoutoftheroomwhennoonewaslooking.
Heslid/slippedagunintohispocket.
farther:
Donotmixup“farther”with“further”.Theformerreferstophysicaldistancewhereasthelattertodegree,timeandallotherfigurativeuses.
e.g.Thenextvillageturnedourtobemuch______thanwehadthought.
Wewilldiscussit______tomorrow.
_______developmentofoureconomywillstrainourresourcestoo.
5. Shewasinanunfortunateposition…towelupagain.
tobeina/nopositiontodo(sth):
tobe(un)abletodosthbecauseyou(don’t)havetheability,moneyorpowertodoit
e.g.I’msorry,butI’mnotinaposition/innopositiontoanswerthatquestion.
Wearenowinabetterfinancialpositiontodealwithoursocialproblems.
Forthefirsttimeinhistory,人类现在有能力摧毁世界。
manisnowinapositiontodestroythewholeworld.
[Paragraph3]
6. delinquent:
adj.
a)behavinginawaythatisillegalorthatsocietydoesnotapproveof
e.g.Theyarecarryingoutresearchonthecausesofdelinquentbehavioramongyoungpeople.
b)(ofdebts,accounts,etc.)nothavingbeenpaidorpaidintointime
e.g.Wehaveseveralchronicdelinquentpayers.
Thenewlyelectedboardhasdeterminedthatthepriortwoboardshavenotbeendoingaverygoodjobofcollectingdelinquentassessments.
n.apersonwhoisdelinquent,esp.ayoungperson
e.g.young/juveniledelinquents
Deanswritesandlecturesaboutteenagedelinquents.
delinquencyn.delinquentlyadv.
7. symbolizev.ifsthsymbolizesaquality,feelingetc,itrepresentsit
e.g.Thefoxoftensymbolizesslynessandcunning.
Growingdiscontenthasbeensymbolizedbytheprotests.
Besymbolicof
symboln.symbolismn.symbolicadj.symbolicallyadv.
8. Shewasjustbusybeingbeautiful
tobebusydoingsth:
Inthispattern,whatfollowstheword“busy”isusuallyanactionverb.Thissentencemeansthatfromtheboy’spointofview,theGoddessofLovewassimplytryingtoremainbeautiful.
Heisbeingtallinthepresenceofhislittlefriends.
Iamjustbeinglazytoday.
Sheisbeingnicetous.
Theyarejustbeingpolite.
Bebeingrude/careful
9. …,andhewasbeingnatural
being+adj.:
(seeNotestotheTextno.4p.6)
Note:
Accordingtosomegrammarbook,certainadjectivessuchastall,young,smart,etccanbeusedwiththecontinuoustenseformsof“be”.Inthiscase,theydescribethedynamicpropertiesofpeopleorthingsinaspecifiedperiodoftimeorsituation.
e.g.Sheisbeingyoungtoday.(=Sheismakinganefforttoappearyounger.)
Theboyisbeingtallinthepresenceofhislittlefriends.(=Theboyistryingtolooktallerinthepresenceofhislittlefriends.)
Hisbrother,usuallycarelessabouthisclothes,isbeingsmartinhisnewsuit.(=…istryingtolooksmartinhisnewsuit.)
[Paragraphs4]
10. …becauseofthelatestthingIhaddoneorleftundone.
toleavesthundone:
tonotdosthortodoitlaterthanyouintended
e.g.I’lldothemlater.Somuchhasbeenleftundone.
Similarly:
It’sbettertoleavesomethingunsaid.
Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.
Notethestructure:
verb+object+-edVerbsthatcantakean–edparticipleasobjectcomplementfallintothreegroups.
a)Thefirstgroupincludesverbsofperceptionandverbsdenotingmentalstatesuchassee,hear,feel,find,think,etc.
e.g.Isawthestudentsassembledinthehall.
Everybodythoughtthebattlelost.
b)Thesecondgroupincludescausativeverbssuchasmake,get,have,keep,etc.
e.g.Ihavemyhaircuteverytwoweeks.
Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.
c)Thethirdgroupincludesverbsdenotinghope,expectation,order,suchaslike,want,wish,order,etc.
e.g.Idon’twantanyofyou(tobe)involvedinthescandal.
Theviewerswishtheserialfilm(tobe)continued.
11. Iwasnotintegrated,Iwas,ifanything,disintegrated.
integrated:
adj.formingapartofaharmoniousorunifiedgroup(seePre-classWorkExer.5p.13)
integrity:
n.
a)(moreformalthanhonesty)honesty
e.g.Heisamanofabsoluteintegrity.
Theintegrityofthejudgeisunquestioned.
Hisbehaviorinvestedhimwithacertainintegrity.
b)thestateofbeingasinglewhole
e.g.Theseargumentsarethreateningtheintegrityofthegroup.
Wasn’tthisTreatysupposedtoguaranteeourterritorialintegrity?
disintegrated:
adjHereinthetext,itisusedbytheauthortomeanthedirectoppositeof“integrated”,andthereforemeanssomekindofatrouble-maker.
Note:
Thisisnotthewaythewordisnormallyused.
disintegratev.
a)(causeto)breakupintoverysmallpiecesorfallapart
e.g.Thewholeplanejustdisintegratedinmid-air.
Thepaperbagwassowetthatthebottomdisintegratedandallthegroceriesfellout.
b)tobecomeweakerorlessunitedandbegraduallydestroyed
e.g.ThedecayofmoralprinciplesdisintegratedRomansociety.
Heisoftheopinionthatthevaluesofsocietyaredisintegrating.
disintegrationn.
ifanything:
onthecontrary
e.g.Heisnotknownforhisgenerosity.Heis,ifanything,quitemiserly.
Theweatherforecastsaysthatitwillnotbewarmerthiswinter.Itwill,ifanything,beevencolderthanlastyear.
要说起来嘛,局势没有改善反而恶化了。
Thesituation,ifanything,isworseningratherthanimproving.
Ineverhadtocleanupafterhim.Ifany
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