科学家Andrew S Tanenbaum.docx
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科学家Andrew S Tanenbaum.docx
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科学家AndrewSTanenbaum
AndrewS.Tanenbaum
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
AndrewS.Tanenbaum
Computerscientist,ProfessorAndyTanenbaumofVrijeUniversiteit,Amsterdam
Born
March16,1944(age70)
NewYorkCity,UnitedStates
Residence
Amsterdam,Netherlands
Nationality
American
Fields
Distributedcomputing[1][2]
Operatingsystems[3][4]
Almamater
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
Thesis
AStudyoftheFiveMinuteOscillations,Supergranulation,andRelatedPhenomenaintheSolarAtmosphere(1971)
Doctoraladvisor
JohnM.Wilcox
Doctoralstudents
HenriBal
FransKaashoek
SapeMullender
RobbertvanRenesse
LeendertvanDoorn
WernerVogels[5]
Knownfor
MINIX
Microkernels
Electoral-
Website
www.cs.vu.nl/~ast
AndrewStuart"Andy"Tanenbaum(sometimesreferredtobythehandleast)[6](bornMarch16,1944)isanAmericancomputerscientistandprofessorofcomputerscienceattheVrijeUniversiteit,AmsterdamintheNetherlands.[7][8][9][10]
HeisbestknownastheauthorofMINIX,afreeUnix-likeoperatingsystemforteachingpurposes,andforhiscomputersciencetextbooks,regardedasstandardtextsinthefield.Heregardshisteachingjobashismostimportantwork.[11]Since2004hehasoperatedElectoral-,awebsitededicatedtoanalysisofpollingdatainfederalelectionsintheUnitedStates.
Contents
[hide]
∙1Biography
2Teaching
2.1Books
2.2Doctoralstudents
2.3DeanoftheAdvancedSchoolforComputingandImaging
3Projects
3.1AmsterdamCompilerKit
3.2MINIX
3.3Researchprojects
3.4Electoral-
∙4Tanenbaum–Torvaldsdebate
5Awards
5.1Honorarydoctorates
∙6Keynotetalks
∙7References
∙8Externallinks
Biography[edit]
HewasborninNewYorkCityandgrewupinsuburbanWhitePlains,NewYork.
HereceivedhisbachelorofSciencedegreeinPhysicsfromMITin1965andhisPh.D.degreeinphysicsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyin1971.TanenbaumalsoservedasalobbyistfortheSierraClub.[12]
HemovedtotheNetherlandstolivewithhiswife,whoisDutch,butheretainshisUnitedStatescitizenship.HeteachescoursesaboutComputerOrganizationandOperatingSystemsandsupervisestheworkofPh.D.candidatesattheVUUniversityAmsterdam.
OnJuly9th2014,heannouncedhisretirement.[13]
Teaching[edit]
Books[edit]
Heiswellrecognizedforhistextbooksoncomputerscience:
∙ComputerNetworks,co-authoredwithDavidJ.Wetherall[14](1sted.1981,2nded.1994,3rded.1996,4thed.2007,5thed.2010)
∙OperatingSystems:
DesignandImplementation,co-authoredwithAlbertWoodhull,[15]
∙ModernOperatingSystems,[3]
∙DistributedOperatingSystems,[4]
∙StructuredComputerOrganization,[16]
∙DistributedSystems:
PrinciplesandParadigms,co-authoredwithMaartenvanSteen,[2]
OperatingSystems:
DesignandImplementationandMINIX[17]wereLinusTorvalds'inspirationfortheLinuxkernel.InhisautobiographyJustforFun,Torvaldsdescribesitas"thebookthatlaunchedmetonewheights".
HisbookshavebeentranslatedintomanylanguagesincludingArabic,Basque,Bulgarian,Chinese,Dutch,French,German,Greek,Hebrew,Hungarian,Italian,Japanese,Korean,Macedonian,MexicanSpanish,Persian,Polish,Portuguese,Romanian,Russian,SerbianandSpanish.[18]Theyhaveappearedinover120editionsandareusedatuniversitiesaroundtheworld.[19]
Doctoralstudents[edit]
TanenbaumhashadanumberofPh.D.studentswhothemselveshavegoneontobecomewidelyknowncomputerscienceresearchers.Theseinclude:
∙HenriBal,aprofessorattheVrijeUniversiteitinAmsterdam;
∙FransKaashoek,aprofessoratMIT;
∙SapeMullender,aresearcheratBellLabs;
∙RobbertvanRenesse,aprofessoratCornellUniversity;
∙LeendertvanDoorn,afellowattheAMDCorporation;
∙WernerVogels,[5]theChiefTechnologyOfficeratA.
DeanoftheAdvancedSchoolforComputingandImaging[edit]
Intheearly1990s,theDutchgovernmentbegansettingupanumberofthematicallyorientedresearchschoolsthatspannedmultipleuniversities.TheseschoolswereintendedtobringprofessorsandPh.D.studentsfromdifferentDutch(andlater,foreign)universitiestogethertohelpthemcooperateandenhancetheirresearch.
TanenbaumwasoneofthecofoundersandfirstDeanoftheAdvancedSchoolforComputingandImaging(ASCI).Thisschoolinitiallyconsistedofnearly200facultymembersandPh.D.studentsfromtheVrijeUniversiteit,UniversityofAmsterdam,DelftUniversityofTechnology,andLeidenUniversityworkingintheareasofadvancedcomputersystems,especiallyparallelcomputing,andimageanalysisandprocessing.
TanenbaumremainedDeanfor12years,until2005,whenhewasawardedanAcademyProfessorshipbytheRoyalNetherlandsAcademyofArtsandSciences,atwhichtimehebecameafull-timeresearchprofessor.ASCIhassincegrowntoincluderesearchersfromnearlyadozenuniversitiesinTheNetherlands,Belgium,andFrance.ASCIoffersPh.D.levelcourses,hasanannualconference,andrunsvariousworkshopseveryyear.
Projects[edit]
AmsterdamCompilerKit[edit]
TheAmsterdamCompilerKitisatoolkitforproducingportablecompilers.Itwasstartedsometimebefore1981,[20]andAndrewTanenbaumwasthearchitectfromthestartuntilversion5.5.
MINIX[edit]
In1987,TanenbaumwroteacloneofUNIX,calledMINIX(MIni-unIX),fortheIBMPC.Itwastargetedatstudentsandotherswhowantedtolearnhowanoperatingsystemworked.Consequently,hewroteabook[21]thatlistedthesourcecodeinanappendixanddescribeditindetailinthetext.Thesourcecodeitselfwasavailableonasetoffloppydisks.Withinthreemonths,aUsenetnewsgroup,comp.os.minix,[22]hadsprungupwithover40,000subscribersdiscussingandimprovingthesystem.OneofthesesubscriberswasaFinnishstudentnamedLinusTorvaldswhobeganaddingnewfeaturestoMINIXandtailoringittohisownneeds.OnOctober5,1991,Torvaldsannouncedhisown(POSIXlike)kernel,calledLinux,whichoriginallyusedtheMINIXfilesystem,butitisnotbasedonMINIXcode.[23]
AlthoughMINIXandLinuxhavediverged,MINIXcontinuestobedeveloped,nowasaproductionsystemaswellasaneducationalone.[24]Thefocusisonbuildingahighlymodular,reliable,andsecure,operatingsystem.Thesystemisbasedonamicrokernel,withonly5000linesofcode[25]runninginkernelmode.Therestoftheoperatingsystemrunsasanumberofindependentprocessesinusermode,includingprocessesforthefilesystem,processmanager,andeachdevicedriver.Thesystemcontinuouslymonitorseachoftheseprocesses,andwhenafailureisdetectedisoftencapableofautomaticallyreplacingthefailedprocesswithoutareboot,withoutdisturbingrunningprograms,andwithouttheuserevennoticing.MINIX3,asthecurrentversioniscalled,isavailableundertheBSDlicenseforfree.
Researchprojects[edit]
Tanenbaumhasalsobeeninvolvedinnumerousotherresearchprojectsintheareasofoperatingsystems,distributedsystems,andubiquitouscomputing,oftenassupervisorofPh.D.studentsorapostdoctoralresearcher.Theseprojectsinclude:
∙Amoeba[26]
∙Globe[27]
∙Mansion[citationneeded]
∙Orca[28]
∙Paramecium[29]
∙RFIDGuardian[30]
∙TurtleF2F
Electoral-[edit]
In2004,TanenbaumcreatedElectoral-,awebsiteanalyzingopinionpollsforthe2004U.S.PresidentialElection,usingthemtoprojecttheoutcomeintheElectoralCollege.HestatedthathecreatedthesiteasanAmericanwho"knowsfirsthandwhattheworldthinksofAmericaanditisnotaprettypictureatthemoment.IwantpeopletothinkofAmericaasthelandoffreedomanddemocracy,notthelandofarroganceandblindrevenge.IwanttobeproudofAmericaagain."[31]Thesiteprovidedacolor-codedmap,updatedeachdaywithprojectionsforeachstate'selectoralvotes.ThroughmostofthecampaignperiodTanenbaumkepthisidentitysecret,referringtohimselfas"theVotemaster"andacknowledgingonlythathepersonallypreferredJohnKerry.AlibertarianwhosupportstheDemocrats,herevealedhisidentityonNovember1,2004,thedaybeforetheelection,alsostatinghisreasonsandqualificationsforrunningthewebsite.[31]
Throughthesitehealsocoveredthe2006midtermelections,correctlypredictingthewinnerofall33Senateracesthatyear.
Forthe2008elections,hegoteverystaterightexceptforIndiana,whichhesaidMcCainwouldwinby2%(Obamawonby1%)andMissouri,whichhesaidwastooclosetocall(McCainwonby0.1%).HecorrectlypredictedallthewinnersintheSenateexceptforMinnesota,wherehepredicteda1%winbyNormColemanoverAlFranken.After7monthsoflegalbattlingandrecounts,Frankenwonby312votes(0.01%).
In2010,hecorrectlyprojected35outof37SenateracesintheMidtermelectionsonthewebsite.TheexceptionswereColoradoandNevada.
Tanenbaum–Torvaldsdebate[edit]
TheTanenbaum–TorvaldsdebatewasafamousdebatebetweenTanenbaumandLinusTorvaldsregardingkerneldesignonUsenetin1992.[32]
Awards[edit]
∙FellowoftheACM
∙FellowoftheIEEE
∙MemberoftheRoyalNetherlandsAcademyofArtsandSciences
∙HonorarydoctoratefromPetruMaiorUniversity,TarguMures,Romania
∙Winnerofthe2010TAAMcGuffeyawardforclassictextbooksforModernOperatingSystems
∙CoauthoroftheBestPaperAwardattheLADCConference,2009
∙Winnerofa2.5millioneuroEuropeanResearchCouncilAdvancedGrant,2008
∙USENIXFlameAward2008[33]forhismanycontributionstosystemsdesignandtoopennessbothindiscussionandinsource.
∙HonorarydoctoratefromPolytechnicUniversityofBucharest,Romania
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