中考英语宾语从句专题复习.docx
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中考英语宾语从句专题复习.docx
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中考英语宾语从句专题复习
中考英语宾语从句专题复习
1、考点分析
宾语从句是中考的一个必考点,也是初中语法知识的一个重难点,中考通常会以选择题(0-1分)的形式常考查宾语从句的时态和语序,在句型转换中以简单句和复合句之间的转换以及直接引语和间接引语的转换(2分)的方式综合考查宾语从句。
2、专题详解
宾语从句的概念:
句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当,当一个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。
其句子结构为:
主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句
一).宾语从句的引导词
根据引导宾语从句的不同引导词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.
Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.
Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.
Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.
注意:
在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等)作表语时,后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。
I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.
We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.
I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.
2.由疑问词引导的宾语从句。
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导,因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
注意:
带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。
Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.
Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?
CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成:
“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略
Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.
Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.
Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.
一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
②在介词前:
Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.
③与ornot连用:
Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.
☆跟踪练习
()1.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
()2.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
()3.Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
()4.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe
()5.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
答案:
1.C2.B3.B4.A5.A
二).宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
特别强调:
它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Canyoutellmewho(m)dowehavetosee?
(╳)
Canyoutellmewho(m)wehavetosee?
(√)
Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.(思考:
what在从句中的成分)
注意事项:
当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时,语序不变:
What’swrong?
What’sthematter?
What’shappening?
eg:
Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.
Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?
☆跟踪练习
()1.Couldyoutellme___?
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
()2.Pleasetellme______lastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
()4.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
()5.Didyouknow____?
A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor
C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter
答案:
1.C2.D3.B4.A5.A
三).宾语从句的时态:
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是_________时态。
Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.
DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
Eg:
HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.(√)
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.(√)
Ithought(that)youarefreetoday.(╳)
Ithought(that)youwouldbefreetoday.(√)
【注意】1)当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
eg.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.
2)d当主句是Could/Wouldyou...时,只表示一种委婉的语气,并不是一个一般过去时。
eg.Couldyoutellmewherethebankis?
时态小结:
主现,从不变;主过,从限过;真理规律永一现
☆跟踪练习
()1.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
()2.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
()3.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.
A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
()4.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
()5.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled
答案:
1.A2.D3.C4.B5.C
四).宾语从句变简单句:
1.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如:
Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.
→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.
2.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
如:
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.
3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为特殊疑问词+todo结构。
如:
a)Idon'tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.→Idon'tknowwhichsweatertobuy.
b)CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepark?
→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?
☆跟踪练习
1.CouldyoutellmehowIcanworkouttheproblemassoonaspossible?
(简单句)
Couldyoutellmeworkouttheproblemassoonaspossible?
2.Ihaven'tdecidedwhichferryIshalltaketoHongKongIsland.(改为简单句)
Ihaven'tdecidedwhichferry_________________________toHongKongIsland.
3.DetectiveKendidn'tknowhowhecoulddealwiththiscase.(改为简单句)
DetectiveKendidn'tknow_________________________dealwiththiscase.
4.CanyoutellmewhenIshouldwatertheflowers?
(改为简单句)
Canyoutellme_________________________watertheflowers?
答案:
1.howto2.totake3.howto4.whento
五).宾语从句和状语从句的区分:
eg.1)Iwillgoouttomorrowifitisfinetomorrow.
2)Idon’tknowifthetrainhasarrived.
句1中if引导的是状语从句。
这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。
整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。
句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’tknow的宾语。
整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。
判断方法:
1、从整个句式看。
状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”
3.从时态看。
if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:
从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。
if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g.Ithink(that)differencesarenotimportantinafriendship.
Anoldladysaid(that)shefoundajobasaforeignlanguageteacher.
Theydon’tknowif(是否)wearegoinghikingnextweekend
Couldyoutellmewhen(什么时候)thetrainarrives?
We’llgototheGreatWallif(如果)itdoesn’traintomorrow.
=Ifdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgototheGreatWall.
Theykneweachotherwhen(当……时候)theywerechildren.
=Whentheywerechildren,theykneweachother.
☆跟踪练习
1.Ifit_______(rain)tomorrow,Iwon’tcome.
2.Hedidn’ttellmeifit_________(rain)tomorrow.
3.Idon’tknowifhe__________(come)tomorrow.Ifhe______(come),I’lltellyou.
4.Whenit________(stop)raining,we’llgoswimming.
5.Couldyoutellmewhenthefilm____________(start)?
I’llleaveforamoment.
答案:
1.rains2.willrain3.willcome;comes4.stops5.willstart
六).直接引语与间接引语的转换
1.直接引语转换成间接引语:
1)引语是陈述句:
主语+said,“陈述句”=>主语+said+(that)+陈述句
直接引语:
Hesaid,“I'mveryglad.”
间接引语:
Hesaid(that)hewasveryglad.
2)引语是一般疑问句:
主语+asked,“一般疑问句=>主语+asked+whether/if+陈述句
直接引语:
Heasked,“Areyouverybusythesedays?
”
间接引语:
Heaskedmewhether/wasverybusythosedays.
直接引语:
Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?
”
间接引语:
HeaskedwhetherJohncouldgothatafternoon.
3)引语是特殊疑问句:
主语asked,“特殊疑问句”=>主语+asked+疑问词+陈述句
Hesaid,“Whendoyouwanttoleave?
”=>HeaskedmewhenIwantedtoleave.
Hesaid,“Whatdoyouwanttoread?
”=>HeaskedmewhatIwantedtoread.
Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?
”=>HeaskedwhereMr.Wangwas.
4)引语是祈使句:
主语+ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth
Hesaid,“Openthedoor,John!
”=>HeaskedJohntoopenthedoor.
Hesaid,“Don'ttalkinclass!
”=>Heorderedusnottotalkinclass.
2.主句的转述动词为过去时,将直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态变化。
一般现在时=>一般过去时;一般过去时=>过去完成时;一般将来时=>过去将来时;
现在进行时=>过去进行时;现在完成时=>过去完成时;情态动词现在式=>事情态动词过去式
[注意]直接引语中陈述的是真理之类的现在时内容时,改为间接引语时仍用现在时。
Hesaid,“Theearthmovesroundthesun.”
Hetoldmethattheearthmovesroundthesun.
3.转换过程中人称的变化:
一随主,二随宾,三不变
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:
•She said. "My brother wants to goshopping with me.”
•→She said her brotherwanted to goshopping with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称,如:
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?
”
→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:
Mr. Smith said,“Jack is a good boy.”
→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.
4.转换过程中时间状语、地点状语、指示代词和某些动词的变化。
直接引语=>间接引语
now=>then
today=>thatday
tonight=>thatnight
yesterday=>thedaybefore
tomorrow=>thenextday
lastweek=>theweekbefore
nextweek=>thenextweek
intwodays=>twodayslater
ago=>before
here=>there
this=>that
these=>those'
come=>go
bring=>take
例句
例1Hesaid,"Iamadrivernow."
Hetoldmethathewasadriverthen.
例2Hesaid,"IwenttoBeijinglastweek."
HesaidthathehadgonetoBeijingtheweekbefore.
例3Heasked,"Willyoucometomorrow?
"
HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgothenextday.
例4Heasked,"Whenwillyouleave?
"
HeaskedmewhenIwouldleave.
例5Hesaid,"Iamhavingmybikerepairedhere."
Hesaidthathewashavinghisbikerepairedthere.
例6Heasked,"Haveyoufinishedreadingthisbook."
HeaskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.例7Hesaid,"Theearthmovesroundthesun."
Hesaidt
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