英语四级传统阅读.docx
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英语四级传统阅读.docx
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英语四级传统阅读
第一套
Childrenareadelight.Theyareourfuture.Butsadly,hiringsomeonetotakecareofthemwhileyougotoworkisgettingmoreexpensivebytheyear.
Earlierthismonth,itwasreportedthatthecostofenrollinganinfantorsmallkidatachildcarecenterrose3%in2012,fasterthantheoverallcostofliving.Therearenowlargestripsofthecountrywheredaycareforaninfantcostsmorethanatenthoftheaveragemarriedcouple'sincome.
Thisisnotnecessarilyanewtrend,butitisasomewhatpuzzlingone.Thepriceofprofessionalchildcarehasbeenrisingsincethe1980s.Yetduringthattime,payforprofessionalchildcareworkershasstoodstill.Actuallycaregiversmakelesstoday,inrealterms,thantheydidin1990.Consideringthatlaborcostsareresponsibleforupto80%ofadaycarecenter'sexpenses,onewouldexpectflatwagestohavemeantflatprices.
Sowho'stoblameforhigherchildcarecosts?
Childcareisacarefullyregulatedindustry.Stateslaydownrulesabouthowmanychildreneachemployeeisallowedtowatchover,thespacecarecentersneedperchild,andotherminutedetails.Andthestrictertheregulations,thehigherthecosts.Ifithastohireacaregiverforeverytwochildren,itcan'treallyachieveanyeconomiesofscaleonlabortosavemoneywhenotherexpensesgoup.InMassachusetts,wherechildcarecentersmusthireoneteacherforeverythreeinfants,thepriceofcareaveragedmorethan$16,000peryear.InMississippi,wherecentersmusthireoneteacherforeveryfiveinfants,thepriceofcareaveragedlessthan$5,000.
Unfortunately,Idon'thaveallthedaycare-centerregulationshandy.ButIwouldn'tbesurprisedifastheruleshavebecomemoreelaborate,priceshaverisen.Thetradeoff(交换)mightbeworthitinsomecases;afterall,thehealthandsafetyofchildrenshouldprobablycomebeforecheapservice.Butcertainly,itdoesn'tseemtobeanaccidentthatsomeofthecheapestdaycareavailableisintheleast.
56.Whatproblemdoparentsofsmallkidshavetoface?
A)Theever-risingchildcareprices.
B)Thebudgetingoffamilyexpenses.
C)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.
D)Theselectionofagooddaycarecenter.
57.Whatdoestheauthorfeelpuzzledabout?
A)Whythepricesofchildcarevarygreatlyfromstatetostate.
B)Whyincreasedchildcarepriceshavenotledtobetterservice.
C)Whychildcareworkers'payhasnotincreasedwiththerisingchildcarecosts.
D)Whythereisasevereshortageofchildcareprofessionalinanumberofstates.
58.Whatpreventchildcarecentersfromsavingmoney?
A)Steadyincreaseinlaborcosts.
B)Strictgovernmentregulations.
C)Lackofsupportfromthestate.
D)Highadministrativeexpenses.
59.WhyistheaveragecostofchildcareinMississippimuchlowerthaninMassachusetts?
A)Theoverallqualityofserviceisnotasgood.
B)Paymentsforcaregiverstherearenotashigh.
C)Livingexpensestherearecomparativelylow.
D)Eachteacherisallowedtocareformorekids.
60.Whatistheauthor'sviewondaycareservice?
A)Caregiversshouldreceiveregularprofessionaltraining.
B)Lesselaboraterulesaboutchildcaremightlowercosts.
C)Itiscrucialtostrikeabalancebetweenqualityandcosts.
D)Itisbetterfordifferentstatestolearnfromeachother.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
AlexPang'samusingnewbookTheDistractionAddictionaddressesthoseofuswhofeelpanicwithoutacellphoneorcomputer.Andthat,heclaims,isprettymuchallofus.Whenwe'renotonline,wherewespendfourmonthsannually,we'reengagedinthestressfulworkoftryingtogetonline.
TheDistractionAddictionisnotframedasaself-helpbook.It'sathoughtfulexaminationofthedangerofourcomputingoverdoseandahistoricaloverviewofhowtechnologicaladvanceschangeconsciousness.A"professionalfuturist",Pangurgesanapproachwhichhecalls"contemplative(沉思的)computing."Heasksthatyoupayfullattentionto"howyourmindandbodyinteractwithcomputersandhowyourattentionandcreativityareinfluencedbytechnology."
Pang'sfirstjobistofreeyoufromcommonmisconceptionthatdoingtwothingsatonceallowsyoutogetmoredone.Whatiscommonlycalledmultitaskingis,infact,switch-tasking,anditsharmfuleffectsonproductivityarewelldocumented.Pangdoesn'tadvocatereturningtoapreinternetworld.Instead,heasksyouto"takeamoreecological(生态的)viewofyourrelationshipswithtechnologiesandlookforwaysdevicesormediamaybemakingspecifictaskseasierorfasterbutatthesametimemakingyourworkandlifeharder."
TheDistractionAddictionisparticularlyfascinatingonhowtechnologieshavechangedcertainfieldoflabor—oftenfortheworse.Forarchitects,computer-aideddesignhasbecomeessentialbutinsomewayshascheapenedthedesignprocess.Asonearchitectputsit,"Architectureisfirstandforemostaboutthinking...anddrawingisamoreproductivewayofthinking"thancomputer-aideddesign.SomewhatlessamusingarePang'ssolutionsforkickingtheInternethabit.Herecommendstheusualbehavior-modificationapproaches,familiartoanyonewhohascompletedaquit-smokingprogram.Keeplogstostudyyouronlineprofileanddecidewhatyoucanknockout,downloadaprogramlikeFreedomthatlocksyououtofyourbrowser,ortakea"digitalSabbath(安息日)";"Unlessyou'reareporteroremergency-departmentdoctor,you'lldiscoverthatyourworlddoesn'tfallapartwhenyougooffline."
61.AlexPang'snewbookisaimedforreaderswho________.
A)findtheirworkonlinetoostressful
B)goonlinemainlyforentertainment
C)arefearfulaboutusingthecellphoneorcomputer
D)canhardlytearthemselvesawayfromtheInternet
62.WhatdoesAlexPangtrytodoinhisnewbook?
A)OfferadviceonhowtousetheInterneteffectively.
B)WarnpeopleofthepossibledangersofInternetuse.
C)Predictthetrendoffuturetechnologicaldevelopment.
D)Examinetheinfluenceoftechnologyonthehumanmind.
63.Whatisthecommonviewonmultitasking?
A)Itenablespeopletoworkmoreefficiently.
B)Itisinawayquitesimilartoswitch-tasking.
C)Itmakespeople'sworkandlifeevenharder.
D)Itdistractspeople'sattentionfromusefulwork.
64.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcomputer-aideddesign?
A)Itconsiderablycutsdownthecostofbuildingdesign.
B)Itsomewhatrestrainsarchitects'productivethinking.
C)Itisindispensableinarchitects'workprocess.
D)Itcanfreearchitectsfromlaboriousdrawing.
65.WhatisAlesPang'srecommendationforInternetusers?
A)TheyusetheInternetaslittleaspossible.
B)Theykeeparecordoftheirtime.
C)Theyexerciseself-controlovertheirtimeonline.
D)Theyentertainthemselvesonlineonoff-daysonly.
ACBDBDDABC
第二套
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
NewYorkersaregraduallygettingusedtomorepedalingpassengersonthoseblazingblueCitiBikes.Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?
IsCitiBikerollingupridersattheirexpense?
AtGothamBikesinTribeca,managerW.Bensaidtheshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsalesduetothebike-shareprogram."It'sgettingmorepeopleontheroad,"hesaid.JamesRyan,anemployeeatDanny'sCyclesinGramercysaidCitiBikeisagoodoptionforpeopletoeaseintobikinginacityfamedforitstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers."Theycantryoutabikewithoutcommittingtobuyingone,"hesaid.
RentalsarenotabigpartofthebusinessateitherGothamBikesorDanny'sCycles.ButforFrank'sBikeShop,asmallbusinessonGrandSt.,thebike-shareprogramhasbeenbadnews.OwnerFrankArroyosaidhisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90%sinceCitiBikewasrolledoutlastmonth.Arroyo'smainrentalcustomersareEuropeantourists,whohavesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.
However,Bensaidthebike-shareisgoodforbikesalesathisshop."Peoplehaveusedthebike-shareandrealizedhowgreatitistobikeinthecity,thendecidethattheywantsomethingnicerforthemselves,"henoted.
ChristianFarrellofWaterfrontBicycleShop,onWestSt.justnorthofChristopherSt.,saidinitiallyhewasconcernedaboutbike-share,though,headmitted,"Iwashappytoseepeopleonbikes."
Farrell'searlyconcernswereechoedbyAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64SecondAve."Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement,"CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedaboutinexperiencedriders'lackofawarenessofbikingrulesandstrongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists.However,hesaid,it'sstilltooearlytotellifhisbusinesshasbeenimpacted.
Whileit'spossiblebike-sharewillcauseadropinbusiness,CrooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkCity.
56.Whatistheauthor'schiefconcernabouttheincreasinguseofCitiBikesinNewYork?
A)Hownon-cyclistswillrespondtoit.
B)Whetherlocalbikeshopswillsuffer.
C)Whetherlocalbikebusinesseswillopposeit.
D)Howthesafetyofbikeriderscanbeensured.
57.WhathappenedtoGothamBikesasaresultofthebike-shareprogram?
A)Itfounditsbikesalesunaffected.
B)Itshifteditsbusinesstorentals.
C)Itsawitsbikesalesontherise.
D)Itrentedmorebikestotourists.
58.Whyisthebike-shareprogrambadnewsforFrank'sBikeShop?
A)Itcannotmeetthedemandofthebike-shareprogram.
B)ItscustomershavebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.
C)Itsbikepriceshavetobeloweredagainandagain.
D)Ithastocompetewiththecity'sbikerentalshops.
59.WhydidAndrewCrooksthinkthatthebike-shareprogramwouldbedifficulttoexecute?
A)Inexperiencedridersmightbreakbikingrules.
B)Con
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