中考宾语从句语法.docx
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中考宾语从句语法.docx
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中考宾语从句语法
中考宾语从句语法
分析河北省近6年真题可知,河北中考对宾语从句的考查侧重引导词、语序、时态。
1、Definition(定义):
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号隔开。
如:
Iwanttoknowwhattimeyougothere.我想知道你几点钟到的。
2、ThreeKeyPointsofObjectClause(宾语从句三大要点)
(1)TheLeadingWords(引导词)
引导词用法
示例
1、that引导,本身无意义,只是起到连接的作用,通常可以省略。
Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheseaside.
2、连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等),在从句中作一定的成分,如:
主语、宾语、定语等
Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.(what在从句当中作宾语)
Heaskedmewhosebookitwas.(whose在从句当中作定语)
3、连接副词(when/where/why/how等),在从句当中作状语
Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?
Heexplainedhowthesystemworked.
4、if/whether,意为“是否”,不作句子的成分,不可省略,多数情况下可以互换。
(注意:
只能用whether的情况:
①句末有or或者ornot时只用whether。
②在介词之后作介词的宾语时只能用whether。
③作discuss后面的宾语时,只能用whether)
Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldgotohishouse.
Iwonderwhetherhehasasisterorabrother.
HeaskedmewhetherMissGaowasateacherornot.
IworryaboutwhetherIhurthisfeelings.
Wearediscussingwhetherweshouldhaveaclassmeeting.
(2)TheWordOrderofObjectClause(宾语从句的语序)
宾语从句当中一律使用陈述语序,即主句+连词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他,如:
Couldyoutellmewhattheyaredoing?
(注意:
①当宾语从句是以下特例时,语序不变!
宾语从句
特例
What’swrongwithyou?
Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.
What’sthematter?
Iwanttoknowwhat’sthematter.
What’syourtrouble?
Iwanttoknowwhat’syourtrouble.
Whatishappening?
Iwanttoknowwhatishappening.
②宾语从句否定前移:
当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,宾语从句的否定意义要放在主句中,如:
Idon’tthinkyouareright.)
(三)TenseofObjectClause(宾语从句的时态)
1、当主句是一般现在时时,宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态
IhearJoeleftforBeijingyesterday.
Ihopeyou’llcometomorrow.
2、当主语是一般现在时时,从句使用过去的某种时态,如一般过去时;过去进行时;过去将来时;过去完成时等
Katesaidthatshewasdoingherhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.
Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.
3、从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句什么时态,从句都用一般现在时态。
Ourteachersaidthatthelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.
补充:
一、DisjunctiveQuestionsofObjectClause(宾语从句的反意疑问句)
1、当主句为I/we(主句必须是第一人称)think/believe/suppose时,后面若是接反意疑问句时,那么反意疑问句当中的主语和谓语应当与从句当中的主谓保持一致。
如:
Idon’tthinkshelookslikeherfather,doseshe?
2、其他情况下的主从复合句的反意疑问句完全取决于主句。
如:
hedidn’tknowifhisfatherwouldcomebackfromAmerica,didhe?
/hethinksheisright,doesn’the?
二、疑问词+动词不定式
“疑问句+动词不定式”结构当中疑问词,包括疑问代词what,which和疑问副词how,when,where等,这些疑问词和不定式构成了不定式短语,可以在句中作主语,宾语,表语等,如:
IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.
“疑问句+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化成宾语从句。
如:
everyoneshouldknowhowtodealwithsomethingunexpected.=everyoneshouldknowhowtheycandealwithsomethingunexpected.每个人都应该知道如何处理一些难以预料的事情。
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读理解
OnedayIgotinataxi,andweleftfortheairport.Weweredrivingintherightlane(车道)when,suddenly,ablackcarjumpedoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus.Mytaxidriverstoppedhiscaratonce.Thetire(轮胎)madeaveryloudnoise,andattheverylastmomentourcarstoppedjustoneinchfromthebackoftheothercar.
Iwasfrightened.ButthenIcouldn'tbelievewhathappenednext.Thedriveroftheothercar,theguywhoalmostcausedabigaccident,turnedhisheadandstartedyellingatus.Icouldn'tbelieveit!
Butmytaxidriverjustsmiledattheguy.SoIasked,“Whydidyoujustdothat?
Thisguyalmostsentustohospital.”
ThisiswhenmytaxidrivertaughtmywhatInowcall,“TheLawoftheRubbushTruck(垃圾车法则).”Heexplainedthatmanypeoplearelikerubbishtrucks.Theyrunaroundfullofrubbish,fullofangerandfullofbadfeelings.Astheirrubbishpilesup,theylookforaplacetothrowitawayandsometimesthey'llthrowitatyou.Don'ttakeitpersonally.Justsmile,wishthemwell,andmoveon.Don'ttaketheirrubbishandspreadittootherpeopleatwork,athomeoronthestreets.
Successfulpeopleneverletrubbishtruckschangetheirmoods.Lifeistooshorttowakeupinthemorningwithregrets,solovethosewholoveyouandpray(祈祷)forthosewhodon't.
(1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?
A. Thewriterwenttotheairportbytaxithatday.
B. Thetaxidriverstoppedhiscarintime.
C. Theblackcarjumpedoutandcrashedintothetaxi.
D. Acaraccidentnearlyhappenedonthewriter'swaytotheairport.
(2)Theunderlinedwordyellinginthesecondparagraphmeans inChinese.
A. 道歉 B. 傻笑 C. 吼叫 D. 告别
(3)Whydidtheguygetangrysoeasily?
A. Becausehewasinabadmood.
B. Becausehiscarwasfullofrubbish.
C. Becausehewasbadlyhurtbythetaxi.
D. Becausethetaxidriverdidn'tsaysorrytohim.
(4)Fromthepassage,wecantellthatthetaxidriveris_______.
A. sillyanddishonest
B. wiseandfriendly
C. helpfulbutnervous D. modestbutimpatient
(5)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?
A. Fightwithpeoplelikerubbishtrucks.
B. Makefriendswithpeoplelikerubbishtrucks.
C. Haveaquarrelwithpeoplelikerubbishtrucks.
D. Don'tletrubbishtruckschangeourmoods.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
(5)D
【解析】【分析】本文叙述了作者乘坐出租车时发生的事情,通过出租车司机的一番话,阐明一个道理:
记住美好的,忘却不愉快的,专注重要的;对待生活的态度决定生活的状态。
(1)C推理判断题。
题意:
根据第一段,下面哪一个不对?
A.Thewriterwenttotheairportbytaxithatday.那一天作者坐出租车去的机场;B.Thetaxidriverstoppedhiscarintime.出租车司机及时停了车;C.Theblackcarjumpedoutandcrashedintothetaxi.黑色的小车跳出来撞向出租车;D.Acaraccidentnearlyhappenedonthewriter'swaytotheairport.在作者去机场的路上差不多发生了一次交通事故。
根据第一段:
Weweredrivingintherightlane(车道)when,suddenly,ablackcarjumpedoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus.Mytaxidriverstoppedhiscaratonce.可知黑色的小车冲出来,但是没有撞着出租车。
故选C。
(2)C词义猜测题。
题意:
第二段中,有下划线的yelling的汉语意思是什么?
A.道歉;B.傻笑;C.吼叫;D.告别。
句意:
Thedriveroftheothercar,theguywhoalmostcausedabigaccident,turnedhisheadandstartedyellingatus.另一辆车的司机,造成事故的家伙,转过头来开始对我们yelling。
从语境可以推测出其含义是吼叫,故选C。
(3)A推理判断题。
题意:
为什么这个家伙那么容易生气?
A.Becausehewasinabadmood.因为他情绪很差;B.Becausehiscarwasfullofrubbish.因为他车里满是垃圾;C.Becausehewasbadlyhurtbythetaxi.因为他被出租车重重地伤着了;D.Becausethetaxidriverdidn'tsaysorrytohim.因为出租车司机没有给他道歉。
根据作者后面的讲述可以知道:
当人们情绪不好时需要找时间、地点发泄,而出租车司机不愿意把人们的这些垃圾传播开去。
故选A。
(4)B推理判断题。
题意:
从短文中,我们可以说出租车司机是怎样的一个人?
A.sillyanddishonest傻而且不诚实;B.wiseandfriendly聪明,友好;C.helpfulbutnervous有帮助的,紧张不安的;D.modestbutimpatient现代但是没有耐心。
文中的出租车司机面对别人的怒气,面带微笑,不愿把别人的垃圾情绪传播出去,说明他聪明,待人友好。
故选B。
(5)D主旨推断题。
题意:
短文主要告诉我们什么?
A.Fightwithpeoplelikerubbishtrucks和别人打架就是垃圾车;B.Makefriendswithpeoplelikerubbishtrucks.和人们交朋友就像垃圾车;C.Haveaquarrelwithpeoplelikerubbishtrucks.和别人吵架就像垃圾车;D.Don'tletrubbishtruckschangeourmoods.不要让垃圾车改就了我们的情绪。
出租车司机不愿与人争吵,并把与人争吵比作垃圾车。
他不愿意把自己成为垃圾转运车。
故选D。
2.阅读理解
NowsomewomenarespendingaweekendatMother'sCamp(营地).There,husbandsandchildrenarenotallowed.Whywouldawomanwanttotakeavacationwithoutherfamily?
Somewomensaytheyneedtimetobealone.
AtMother'sCampawomanhasroomforherself.Shecansleep,readorwatchTV,andnoonewillbotherher.Nochildrenwillask,“Mom,what'sfordinner?
”Nohusbandwillsay,“Oh,dear,Ican'tfindanycleansocks.”Infactalmost50%ofwomenintheUnitedStatesworkoutsidethehome.Manyofthemworkfull-timeandthencomehomeforasecondjob—takingcareoftheirhomesandfamilies.Theseworkingwomensayoneoftheirbiggestproblemsishousework.
IntheUnitedStates,workingwivesdoabout75%ofthehousework.Manyoftheirhusbandssaytheywanttohelp.Butthentheyburnthericeortheycan'tfindthepans.Theyasksomanyquestionsthattheirwivesdecideitiseasiertodothejobthemselves.
SomewomengotoMother'sCampjusttogetabreakfromhousework.Fortwodaystheydon'tcook,theydon'tcleanandtheydon'tlookaftertheirchildrenandhusbands.Whatdotheydo?
Theyenjoywarm,sunnyweather,walking,swimmingorboatinginaclearbluelakeandsingsongsaroundthecampfire.Theyrelaxawayfromhome.TheyhaveareallywonderfulvacationatMother'sCamp.
(1)Fromthispassagewecansee________intheUnitedStates.
A. womenwanttoworkoutsidethehome
B. workingwivesdomostofthehousework
C. husbandsdoasmuchhouseworkastheirwives
D. womendonotliketostayathomewiththeirfamilies
(2)AtMother'sCamp,womencan't_______.
A. watchTV
B. readnewspapers
C. swiminthelake
D. bringtheirhusbandsandchildren
(3)Whywouldsomemothersliketobealone?
Because_____.
A. theydon'tliketheirhusbandsandchildren
B. theyhavetoworkfull-time
C. theyaretoobusytorelaxthemselves
D. theywantanewlife
(4)________isoneofthebiggesttroublesforworkingwivesintheUnitedStates.
A. Housework
B. Workingoutsidethehome
C. Whentotakeavacation D. Lookingaftertheirchildren
(5)What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?
A. BusyWorkingMothers
B. HowtoBuyGiftsforMothers
C. MothersRelaxAwayFromHome
D. MothersintheUS
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
(5)C
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
本文介绍了美国一些工作的母亲参加“妈妈营地”从家务中解脱出来,放松一下。
(1)推理判断题。
根据IntheUnitedStates,workingwivesdoabout75%ofthehousework.可知美国工作的妻子做大部分家务,故选B。
(2)推理判断题。
根据NowsomewomenarespendingaweekendatMother'sCamp(营地).There,husbandsandchildrenarenotallowed.可知在“妈妈营地”妇女不带他们的丈夫和孩子,故选D。
(3)推理判断题。
根据SomewomengotoMother'sCampjusttogetabreakfromhousework.和Theyrelaxawayfromhome.可知一些母亲喜欢单独待着是因为他们因为太忙了而没有时间放松,故选C。
(4)细节理解题。
根据Theseworkingwomensayoneoftheirbiggestproblemsishousework.可知在美国对于工作的妻子来说,最大的麻烦是家务,故选A。
(5)标题归纳题。
本文介绍了一些工作的母亲参加“妈妈营地”从家务中解脱出来,
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