重难点突破.docx
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重难点突破.docx
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重难点突破
课文重难点突破
Thisarticlewillfocusontwomedicinesthathavechangedpeople’slives.Ifyouopenupanymedicinecupboardintheworld,thereishighprobabilitythatyouwillfindaspirinandpenicillin.这篇文章将着重讲述两种改变人类生活的药物。
只要打开世界上任何一个药柜,你很可能就会发现阿司匹林和青霉素。
focusn.Thewordfocuscanalsobeusedasanounmeaning‘thepeopleorthingwhichattractsmostattentionorinterest’焦点,关注点,中心点(指人或物);
v.(使)调节焦距,集中光束于
focuson…Thephrasefocusonmeans‘topaymuchattentionto’.
focusone’sattention/efforts/energyon/uponsb./sth集中(注意力、努力、精力等)于……;把……集中在……上
focusone’smind/mindson/uponsb./sth把思想/心思集中在……上
focusone’seyes/gazeon…注视着……
Eachexercisefocusesonadifferentgrammarpoint.每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
Myparentsoftentellmetofocusmyattentiononmywork.
InChina,scientistshavefocusedtheireffortsoncloninganimals,aswellasstemcellstobeusedinmedicalresearch.
Thetopicofenvironmentalprotectionisthefocusofourdebate.
听演讲时,要注意研究者的要点。
_____________________________________________________.(Whenlisteningtoalecture,youshouldfocus/concentrateonthespeaker’smainpoints.
that引导的是同位语从句。
Becauseheworkssohard,thereisahighprobabilitythathewillpassthelanguageexam.因为他学习认真,他通过这次语言考试的可能性很大。
Thereishighprobabilitythatwesternersusuallyopenuptheirpresentswithdelightassoonastheygetit.西方人多半一收到礼物就高兴地打开。
Ex.
1.1.Wordcame______wewouldhaveanewEnglishteacher.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.who
2.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomeImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.
A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which
3.Allthepeoplearoundtheworldhavethesamesimpledream______theywillalwaysliveinpeaceandcomfort.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
4.Manyexpertsholdtheview_____teacherdevelopmentis_____thekeytobettereducationlies.
A.which;whereB.which;inwhichC.that;whereD.that;inwhich
5.Thereisafeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis––notever.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
6.Exportshaverisenby30%,asign_____theeconomyisimproving.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.withwhich
33.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass_______hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.(2006重庆卷)
A.why*B.that C.whereD.because
40.Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.(2004年高考上海卷)
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
41.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise________hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004年上海春)
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
21.Thestudentslistenedcarefullytotheteacherwiththeireyes______ontheblackboard.
A.tofocusB.focusingC.beingfocusedD.focused
Thedatethataspirinwasinventedisgivenbymedicalhistoriansas1897,butinfact,3,500yearsago,somerecipesrecommendeddrinkingateamadefromthedriedleavesofaparticularplanttoreducebodypains.医学家将阿司匹林的发明时间定为1897年,但事实上,早在3,500年前的一些药方就已经建议人们饮用一种利用某种植物的干叶做成的茶,以缓解体痛。
recommendvt.“推荐,介绍,劝告,建议”。
后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,不能接不定式作宾语;但可以接不定式作宾语的补足语;也可以接宾语从句。
1recommendsb.(as/for/to)
2recommendsb.sth.向某人推荐某物
3recommenddoingsth.推荐/建议做某事
4recommendsb.todosth.建议某人去做某事
⑤recommendthat…(从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)
Canyourecommemdmeagoodlawyer?
你能推荐一位好律师给我吗?
Thedoctorrecommendedmetotakealongrest.医生劝我长期休养。
Ifyouwanttovisitthemuseum,Irecommendgoingtherebyunderground.如果你想要去参观博物馆,我建议坐地铁去那里。
ThedoctorrecommendedthatI(should)stayafewmoredaysinhospital.医生建议我在医院再呆几天。
医生可能会建议限制你饮食中的脂肪量。
_________________________________________________________.(Thedoctormayrecommendlimitingtheamountoffatinyourdiet.)
reducevt.Theverbreducemeans‘tomakesthlessorsmallerinsize,quantity,price,etc’减少;缩减(体积、数量、价格、程度等);简化;减低,降低”。
reduce…from…to…把……从……减少大
注意:
缩减到某数量或程度,reduce常与to搭配;表示以某数量或某种程度缩减,reduce常与介词by连用。
reducespeed(cost,expenses,pressure)降低速度(成本;减少开支;降低压力)
Hehasreducedhisweightfrom98to92kilos/by6kilos.他的体重已从98公斤减少到92公斤/减少了6公斤。
Ourworkdayshavebeenreducedfromsixaweektofiveaweek.
Shewassoangrythatshewasalmostreducedtotears.她非常生气,几乎哭了起来。
该公司努力降低产品成本以获取更多利润。
______________________________________________________________.(Thecompanytriedtoreducethecostofproductssothattheycouldmakemoreprofits.)
Ex.
2.Herecommendedthataspecialcommittee________tolookintotheincident.
A.weresetupB.wassetupC.besetupD.setup
8.Theyfoundthe_____necklaceina_____well.
A.missing;dryingB.losing;driedC.lost;driedD.missed;drying
1.With_______leaves________intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.
A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buried
C.fallen;buryingD.falling;buried
17.–––Thecarsgiveoffagreatdealofwastegasinthestreets.
–––Yes.ButI’msuresomethingwillbedoneto_______airpollution.(1996上海)
A.reduceB.removeC.collectD.warn
Notonlyhasaspirinsavedmanypeople’slivesbyreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,buttherearealsootherthingsthataspirincanhelpwith.阿司匹林不仅因退烧止痛而挽救了很多人的生命,它还有其他用途。
notonly…butalso…放在句首不连接主语时应使用不完全倒装句型。
例如:
NotonlydoeshestudyEnglishbutalsoFrench.他不但学英语而且学法语。
notonly…butalso…连接两个分句时,notonly分句倒装,butalso分句不倒装。
即前倒后不倒。
1.NotonlyishehimselfinterestedinEnglishbutallhisstudentsarebeginningtoshowaninterestinit.
2.Studentsshouldlearnnotonlyfrombooks,butalsobyexperience.(改为倒装句)
_______________________________________________________________.
(Notonlyshouldstudentslearnformbooks,butalsobyexperience.)
3.Henotonlylikedreadingstoriesbuthecouldevenwritesome.(改为倒装句)
_______________________________________________________________.
(Notonlydidhelikereadingstoriesbuthecouldevenwritesome.)
Ex.
1.Notonly____interestedinfootballbut______beginningtoshowaninterestinit.
A.theteacherhimselfis…allhisstudentsare
B.theteacherhimselfis…areallhisstudents
C.istheteacherhimself…areallhisstudents
D.istheteacherhimself…allhisstudentsare
2._______snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.
A.NotonlytheybroughtB.Notonlydidtheybring
C.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring
1.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_____Chineseintheschool,most_____werefromGermany.
A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthem
C.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom
2.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
3.Theoldmanhasfoursons,and__________arecollegestudents.
A.fourofthemB.allofthemC.threeofwhomD.allofwhom
4.Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,_________aregirls.
A.two-thirdsofthemB.two-thirdsofwhich
C.ofwhomtwo-thirdsD.twothirdsinthem
5.Therearetwosmallroomsinthehouse,_______servesas(充当)akitchen.
A.thesmallerofwhichB.asmallerofwhich
C.thesmallerofthemD.asmallerofit
However,in1971,SmithandWillisfromtheUKprovedthataspirinwasablood-thinningmedicine,andin1977,astudycarriedoutintheUSAshowedthatthechemicalASAinaspirincouldpreventastroke,whichisatypeofseriousillnesswhenbloodvesselsinthebrainburstsuddenlyorareblocked.然而,在1971年,英国的史密斯和威利斯证明了阿司匹林是一种能够稀释血液的药物。
1977年在美国进行的一项研究还表明,阿司匹林里一种名叫ASA的化学物质能够防止中风,一种表现为大脑血管突然破裂或阻塞的严重疾病。
本句是由and连接的并列句,其中第二个并列分句是一个结构复杂的复合句。
“thatthechemicalASAinaspirincouldpreventastroke,whichisatypeofseriousillnesswhenbloodvesselsinthebrainburstsuddenlyorareblocked.”是动词showed的宾语从句,其中又含有一个以which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词stroke。
carriedoutintheUSA是过去分词短语,作后置定语,修饰astudy。
Ex.
---WhywasProfessorWangunhappyrecently?
---Becausethetheoryheinsistedon______wrong.
*A.provedB.provingC.beingprovedD.wasproved
1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.
(NMET2000–33)
A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
16.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.(2008全国卷II)
A.itB.what*C.whichD.that
3.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,_________forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.(2000年北京安徽春-16)
A.thatB.whileC.which*D.when
24.TheScienceMuseum,______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.(2008江苏卷)
*A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
However,itwasnotuntilWorldWarIIthattwootherscientists,HowardFlorey(Australian)andErnstChain(German-bornEnglish),managedtousenewchemicaltechniquestopurifyit.
强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构形式为:
Itis/was/mustbe+被强调部分+that/who+其它成分。
在对not…until结构中由until引导的短语或从句进行强调时,要注意否定转移,用Itis/wasnotuntil…that…这一固定句型。
另一种形式是“Notuntil…+主句倒装”。
Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.(对划线部分强调)
①Itwas…that…
(Itwasn’tuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.)
②Notuntil…
(NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.)
疑问句式
强调句型的一般疑问句结构为:
Is/Wasit…that/who…?
强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为:
特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat/who…?
反义疑问句:
Itis/was…that/who…,isn’t/wasn’tit?
否定疑问句形式:
Wasn’tit…that…
Wasitintheclassroomthathefoundhislostbook?
WhenwasitthatthefirstmodernOlympicGamesstarted?
Ex.
2.Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfivelanguages______attractedthe
audience’sinterest.
A.sothatB.that
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