语言学1.docx
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语言学1.docx
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语言学1
语言学
定义题
1)government:
Itisatypeofcontrolovertheformofsomewordsbyotherwordsincertainsyntacticconstructions.
2)exocentricconstruction(离心结构):
Itisanconstructionwhosedistributionisnotfunctionallyequivalenttoanyofitsconstituents.
3)complementaryantonym(互补反义关系):
Itisaformofantonymthattheassertionofonemeansthedenialoftheother,orviceversa.
4)perlocutionaryforce(取效行为):
Itisanactwhichisperformedbymeansofalocutionaryact.
5)appliedlinguistics:
Itisadisciplinethatlinksthetheoriesoflinguisticswiththepracticeofforeignlanguageteaching.
6)allophone(音位变体):
Variantsofaphonemearecalleditsallophones.
7)boundmorpheme(粘着语素):
Themorphemesthatdonotoccuralone.
8)interlanguage(中介语):
Itisformedwhenthelearnerattemptstolearnanewlanguage,andithasfeaturesofboththefirstlanguageandthesecondlanguagebutisneither.
9)arbitrariness(任意性):
Theformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.
10)assimilation:
Aprocessbywhichonesoundtakesonsomeorallthecharacteristicsofaneighboringsound.
下定义1)duality:
Thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthattheunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.
2)displacement:
Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentatthepresentofcommunication.
3)phonology:
Asubbranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesystemandpatternsofthespeechsoundsandhowtheyworkandconveymeaninginthesystemoflanguage.
4)morphology:
Asubbranchoflinguisticsthatisconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.
5)concord:
Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsinasyntacticrelationshipshouldagreewitheachotherintermsofsomecategories.
6)endocentricconstruction:
Aconstructionwhosedistributionisfunctionallyequivalentorapproachingequivalencetooneofitsconstituents.
7)hyponymy:
Itreferstomeaninginclusiveness,thatis,thesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.
8)pragmatics:
Itreferstothestudyoflanguageinuse.
9)illocutionaryforce:
Itreferstothespeaker’smeaning,contextualmeaning,orextrameaning.
10) erroranalysis:
Itisthestudyandanalysisoferrorandisconfinedtothelanguagelearner.
1)lateral边音
2)linguisticdeterminism语言决定论
3)anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学
4)locutionaryact发话行为
5)transformation转换
6)co-hyponym同下义词
7)contextofsituation情景语境
8)allomorph语素变体
19)皮钦语/洋泾浜语pidgin
20)历时语言学historicallinguistics
theme主位语境context
10)primarystress主重音
11)语篇功能textualfunction
12)意义潜势meaningpotential
13)直接成分分析法immediatecomponentanalysis
14)最大节首辅音原则maximalonsetprinciple
15)聚合关系paradigmaticrelation
16)音位规则phonologicalstructure
17)前缀prefix
选择题
1)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_c_A.Synchronicstudy.
2)Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“fall”and“autumn”belongiscalled__B.dialectal___synonyms.
3)Thesentence“Johnlikesice-cream”contains____B.two____arguments.
4)Semanticscanbedefinedasthestudyof___B.meaning
5)Oncethenotionof_______B.Contextwastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.
6)Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe_____C.illocutionaryact__.
7)MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCooperativePrinciplegiveriseto conversationalimplicatures
8)ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey_A.morethan___isliterallysaid.
9,Thegoalof___B.sociolinguistics_istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesanddifferentsocialsituations.
10)BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological,morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare______.
A.rule-governedB.systematic
11)Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe__C.descriptive_.
12)Languageisasystemofarbitrary___vocal______symbolsusedforhumancommunication
13)Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled___B.apolysemousword
14)Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“learned”isknownasa(n) C.inflectionalmorpheme
15)Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare___finite_____innumber.
16)“Iboughtsomeroses”___A.entails_______“Iboughtsomeflowers”
.17)Thephrase“boysandgirls”belongstothe__B.endocentric__construction.
18)CanIborrowyourbike?
"__presupposes_"Youhaveabike."
19)Ofallthespeechorgans,the_tongue__is/arethemostflexible.
20)Chomskyusestheterm_D.Performancetorefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.
对错题1-5 FFFFF 6-10 FFFTT 11-15FTFTF
1) Animalcallsystemsarenotgeneticallytransmitted.
2) AccordingtoN.Chomsky,“competence”istheactualrealizationofhisknowledgeinutterance.
3) Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.
4) Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
5) Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencespatternsofalanguage.
6) Languagesdifferintheirselectionofcontrastivesounds.
7) TheEnglishspellingexactlyrepresentsitspronunciation.
8) Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.
9) Accordingtosemantictriangle,thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent,i.e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.
10) Areferringexpressioncanbeusedtorefertononexistentthings.
11) Allthegrammaticallywell-formedsentencesaresemanticallywell-formed.
12) Pragmaticsstudiestheaspectofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforbysemantics.
13) Anillocutionaryactistheconsequenceoforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.
14) Socialdialects,orsociolects,arevarietiesoflanguageusedbypeoplebelongingtoparticularsocialclasses.
15) Thestructuraltestsfocusonthecommunicativeandlinguisticcompetence.
对错题TTFFTFFTTFFFFFF
1)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
2)Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech;thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwritten.
3)Theopen-classwordsincludeprepositions.
4)InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.
5)Accordingtosemantictriangle,thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent,i.e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.
6)Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.
7)Bysynchronywemeantostudylanguagechangeanddevelopment.
8)TheICanalysisisnotabletoanalyzesplitverbslike“dosb.in”.
9)Therelationshipof“flower”,“violet”,“rose”and“tulip”ishyponymy.
10)Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.
11)Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
12)Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiedthesentencespatternsofalanguage.
13)Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.
14)Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.
15)Sentencesarestringsofwordsputtogetherinarandomorder.
首字母填空
1)Themodernlinguisticsisdescriptive,notprescriptive,anditsinvestigationsarebasedonauthenticandmainlyspokenlanguagedata.
2)Morphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.
3)Languereferstothelanguagesystemsharedbyacommunityofspeakerwhileparolecontrastdwithlangueistheconcreteactofspeakinginactualsituationsbyanindividualspeaker..
4)Thetransformationalcomponenthastransformationalrules,whichchangethedeepstructuresgeneratedbythephrasestructurecomponentintosurfacestructure.
5)Insemantictriangle,therelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect,anditismediatedbyc____concept_______..
6)H.Sweetmadeadistinctionbetweennarrowandbroadtranscription.
7)Inthecooperativeprinciple,Griceintroducedfourcategoriesofmaxims.Theyaremaximofquality,maximofquatity,maximofrelation_andmaximofmanner.
8)ThestrongversionofSapir-Whorfhopothesisisthatlanguagedeterminesourthinkingpattern.
9)Therearetwomajorapproachestoerroranalysis:
contrastive_andnon-contrastiveanalysis.
9)Pragmaticsisthestudyoflanguageinuse.
1-5 DBCCA 6-10 CDABB 11-15BBCBA 16-20BDBDB
6).Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.
X:
Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?
Y:
Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?
A.quality B.quantity C.relation D.manner
9)Whichofthefollowingisatypicaltonelanguage?
A.English B.ChineseC.French D.Alloftheabove
10Twoallophonesofthesamephonemearesaidtobein___________.
A.phonemiccontrast B.complementarydistributionC.minimalpair D.noneoftheabove
11)Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof_________.
A.palatal B.alveolar C.bilabial
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