语言学自测题1.docx
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语言学自测题1.docx
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语言学自测题1
Chapter1Introduction
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:
1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.
2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.
3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.
4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.
5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.
6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.
7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.
8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.
9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.
10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.
11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.
12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.
13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.
14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.
15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.
17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.
18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.
19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthespokenlanguage.
20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
21.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.
22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.
23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:
alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.
24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.
26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.
29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.
30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.
A.prescriptive B.analytic
C.descriptive D.linguistic
32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.Arbitrariness B.Displacement
C.Duality D.Meaningfulness
33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.
A.primary B.correct
C.secondary D.stable
34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.
A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.
C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
D.Alloftheabove
35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.
A.synchronic B.diachronic
C.prescriptive D.comparative
36.Saussuretooka(n)__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.
A.sociological…psychological
B.psychological…sociological
C.applied…pragmatic
D.semanticandlinguistic
37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.parole B.performance
C.langue D.Language
38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.
A.sense B.sounds
C.objects D.ideas
39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,
A.displacement B.duality
C.flexibility D.culturaltransmission
40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough____,ratherthanbyinstinct.
A.learning B.teaching
C.books D.bothAandB
IV.Definethefollowingterms:
41.Linguistics42.Phonology43.Syntax44.Pragmatics45.Psycholinguistics46.Language47.Phonetics48.Morphology9.Semantics50.Sociolinguistics
51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness53Productivity54.Displacement55.Duality56.DesignFeatures57.Competence58Performance59.Langue60Parole
V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary:
61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Explainitindetail.
62.Whatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Illustratethemwithexamples.
63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?
64.Howdoyouunderstandthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyandadiachronicstudy?
65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?
66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?
67.Howdoyouunderstandcompetenceandperformance?
68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajordifferences?
69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitrary?
Why?
Answers:
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:
l.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.F 11.T 12.T
13.T 14.T 15.T 16.F 17.T 18.F 19.F 20.F
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
21.knowledge 22.abstract 23.Duality 24.arbitrary 25.syntax 26.genetic
27.Parole 28.applied 29.productive 30.scientific
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
3l.C 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.D
IV.Definethefollowingterms:
41.Linguistics:
Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.
42.Phonology:
Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.
43.Syntax:
Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax..
44.Pragmatics:
Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.
45.Psycholinguistics:
Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.
46.Language:
Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
47.Phonetics:
Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.
48.Morphology:
Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.
49.Semantics:
Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.
50.Sociolinguistics:
Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.
51.Appliedlinguistics:
Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.
52.Arbitrariness:
Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.
53.Productivity:
Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.
54.Displacement:
Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker
55.Duality:
Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.
56.Designfeatures:
Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication
57.Competence:
Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,
58.Performance:
Performanceistheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeoftherulesinlinguisticcommunicat
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