writing 1.docx

writing 1.docx

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writing1

写作

一、段落的写法：

主题句+扩展句+（总结句）

主题句

扩展句

总结句

扩展的方法：

可以通过如下的方式进行论述1）listing（排列顺序）2）Comparisonandcontrast（比较和对比）3）Causeandeffect（因果关系）4）Exemplification（举例）

Topic:

1.Manypeoplenowprefertoliveinthecountry.Themainreasonsare:

（排列顺序）

2.WatchingTVathomeisbetterthangoingtoamovie.Thefollowingarethereasons.（排列顺序）（比较和对比）

3.Thesedays,alargenumberofmigrantworkersenterbigcities.Ononehand…..Ontheotherhand.（因果关系）

4.Atpresent,fakeproductsareverycommoninourmarket.（因果关系）

二.短文的基本结构：

1．短文的基本结构title+Introduction+Body+Concluding

2．各部分的简要写作法introduction

body

concluding

短文写作中整体性和连贯性的特点和要求:

“启、承、转、合”

启的过渡语：

用于引导主题句或主题句后第一个扩展句的过渡词语为“启”

first,atfirst,firstofall,inthebeginning

inthefirstplacefirstly

atpresenttobeginwith

currentlytostartwith

latelyforonething

foranothernow

ononehandontheotherhand

ingeneralgenerallyspeaking

例如：

1.Atpresent-

Currently--somepeoplebelievethatintelligenceisgivenatbirth.

Lately

2.Atfirst

Firstofall—theenvironmentplaysanimportantroleinshapingone’spersonality

Firstly

承：

用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句的过渡语为“承”

Second（ly）third（ly）

inotherwordsinthesameway

alsobesides

afterthatinaddition（to）

moreoverfromnowon

whatismorelater

forexamplemeanwhile

forinstancenamely

soonatthesametime

thenconsequently

ofcourseforthispurpose

用法实例：

1.Second

Thirdly-----shorterworkinghourscanleadtogreaterproductivity

Inotherwords

转：

用来表示不同和相反概念的过渡语为“转”

Butyet

onthecontrastincontrast

unlikehowever

whereasnevertheless

ontheotherhandinspiteof

unfortunatelythough

infactasamatteroffact

Examples:

1.Yet

However------otherpeoplearestronglyagainsthisproposal.

Infact

Unfortunately

2.Unlikehisbrother,helikesswimmingverymuch.

3.Inspiteoftheheavyrain,theycontinuedworking.

合：

用于小结段落或短文的过渡词语有：

Finallyatlast

inshortinaword

henceinconclusion

atlengtheventually

thustherefore

accordinglytosumup

toconcludesurely

brieflyundoubtedly

trulyasaresult

soobviously

certainly

Examples:

1.Inconclusion-----Thegovernmentshouldmakeanecessarylawagainstthefakeproducts.

Atlength

Inshort

Asaresult

3.常用句型

发表见解Itisimportant/necessary/urgent/difficultforsb.todosth

引证观点Itisbelieved/reported/announcedthat

相互关系Ahassth/alot/nothingtodowithB.berelatedwith…

利弊、优缺点句型

AhasalotofadvantagesoverB.

Aisofgreatbenefittosb/sth.（Abenefitsusinmanyways.）

Adoesgood/damagetosb/sth.

Justasacoinhastwosides,everythinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.

说明原因

1.Thefollowingarethereasons.

2.Severalfactorsareresponsibleforthephenomenon.

结尾句型

1.Inmyopinion.Iaminfavorofowningacar,

2.Personally,Iprefertoworkinthecountryratherthaninthecity.

3.Inshort,parentsandchildrenshouldlearntogetthroughtoeachother.

Onlyinthiswaycanthemostdifficultproblemsbesolvedproperly.

4.Inconclusion,wecannotachievesuccesswithouteffortandhardwork.

5.AfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththeopinionthat"Nopainsnogains."

6.Fromtheaboveanalysis,wecanseethat.../wecometotheconclusionthat...

7.Onlyinthiswaycanwe...

三、常见作文的几种类型

1．议论文

对比观点型：

（1）有人认为

（2）有人认为

（3）你的观点

Example2：

Doluckynumbersreallybringpeoplegoodluck?

1.有些人认为某些数字会给人带来好运

2.也有些人认为数字和运气无关

3.说明你的看法

（可以使用举例法）

Example2:

IsatestofspokenEnglishnecessary?

1.许多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是

2.也有人有不同看法

3我的看法和打算

表示不同看法的句型:

I.Differentpeoplehave/holddifferentopinion/viewsonthisquestion/problem/matter

Somebelievethat...Othersarguethat.,.Stillothersmaintainthat...

2.Theyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.

3.Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodtohaveasmallfamily.,

4.Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.

5.Whichopinionisright/morereasonable?

I'minclinedtoacceptthelatter/thesecondview.

6.Myopinionisthatthereissomethinginbothoftheviews.

7.Withregardtothequestion,Ithinkacorrectattitudeis（that）...

8.Inmyopinion,whetheritisgoodorbaddependsonhowwelookatit.

Example:

Parentsandchildrenthinkdifferentlyonthisquestion.Parentsholdthatchildrenshouldworkhardanddowellatschool.Children,however,maintainthattheyshouldhavemorefreedomtospendtheirleisuretimeandtoplanfortheirownfuture.

Sample2、4、8

说明利弊型：

要求学生分别阐述某事物或现象的优点、缺点／好处、坏处／积极、消极方面，提出自己的看法、结论或者解决方法

Example1:

Thepositiveandnegativeaspectsofsports

1.体育运动的好处

2.体育运动可能带来的副作用

3.我参加体育运动的体会

Example2：

Internet’sadvantagesanddisadvantages

1.互连网给人们带来了极大的好处

2.互连网既有优点又有缺点

3.你的看法

利弊、优缺点句型：

1.Ahave（orhas）alotofadvantagesoverB.

ComparedwithB,Ahas（orhave）manyadvantages.

2.beofgreatbenefittosb./sth.如:

爱因斯坦的发明对整个人类社会有好处

benefitfromsth,benefitsb/sth如：

我们将要从爱因斯坦的发明技术发明中收益

3.do（alotof）good／damagetosb.begoodforsb./sth..

4.....beas（notso）goodas...,Whathedoesisnotsogoodaswhathesays.

5....notsomuch...as..（与其说…不如说…）

6.Itbenefitsusinmanyways/respects.

7.Doingsth.isbeneficialto...

8.While...hassomanyadvantages,weshouldnotignoretheproblemsitbringsus.

9.Justasacoinhastwosides,everythinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages

Sample2

立论类：

提出某个现象、问题、结论，要求考生加以论述（造成的原因、解决办法、途径或学生的看法）

Example1：

Itpaystobehonest

1.当前社会上有许多不诚实的现象

2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实

Example2：

Directions：

Youaretowriteinnolessthan120wordsonthetitleof“CollegeStudentsShould（Not）BePermittedtoLiveOffCampus”．Youaretotakeaposition,eitherfororagainstthematter,andgiveyourreasons．YoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingChineseoutline．

近年来大学生在校外租房居住的现象越来越多，这个问题已引起社会各界的关注。

人们对这一现象的看法不一，各持己见。

1．你对这个问题的观点是…

2．理由是……

3．结论……

Inrecentyears,thenumberofcollegestudentswholiveoffcampushasbeenincreasing,whichattractsthewidespreadattentioninthewholesociety.Astothisspecialphenomenon,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Asapersonwhowasastudent,Ithinkthisbehaviorshouldbebanned.Myreasonsareasfollows:

Thefirstandthemostimportantoneisthatlivingoffcampusisnotbeneficialtostudy.Beingcollegestudents,youngpeopleshouldsparenoefforttostudyhardtobroadentheirhorizons.Livingoffcampusmeanstheyareawayfromclassroom,libraryandlaboratory.Soitmaybringmuchmoretroubletothem.Second,whencollegestudentsliveoffcampustheywillbeestrangedfromtheirclassmates,whichisharmfultotheirabilitytocommunicatewithothers.Thus,majorityofthemdon’thavegoodfriendssothattheyareeasytofeellonelyandunhappy.Third,theirlivingoffcampuswillputafinancialburdenontheirfamilyandthemselves.Ingeneral,collegestudentsarestillfinancedbytheirfamily.Iftheywanttoliveoffcampus,theyhavetoaskmoremoneyfromtheirfamilyandmakemoneyintheirsparetime.Itisaheavyburdentheyhavetoshoulder.

Inaword,Idon’tapproveofcollegestudents’livingoffcampus.Itwilldisturbthestudents’normallife.Thereforecollegesshouldestablishrulestobancollegestudents’collegestudents’livingoffcampus.

Example3:

Howtosucceedinajobinterview?

1.面试在求职过程中的作用

2．取得面试成功的因素：

仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是

HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview

Nowadays,inanovertighterjobmarket,greatimportancehasbeenattachedtoaninterviewbyboththeemployerandtheapplicant.Ontheonehand,theinterviewercantakeadvantageoftheoccasiontopickouttherightcandidatesforthecompany.Onetheotherhand,theintervieweecanmakeuseoftheopportunitytogettoknowalotaboutthejobheisgoingtotakeup.

Thenhowcanwesucceedinit?

Firstofall,theintervieweehastopayattentiontohisorherappearance,thatis,heorsheshoulddressproperly.Secondly,goodmannersareequallyimportant.Hehastobeneithertooproudnortootimid,justbecourteous.Thirdly,theintervieweemustdemonstratehisabilitiesandskillsforthejobandknowledgeaboutthejob-relatedareas;hemustexpresshimselfclearlyandconfidently.Lastly,theintervieweeoughttobehonestabouthisorherpersonalaswellasacademicbackground,forhonestyisthebestpolicy.

Tosumup,thejobinterviewisindeedimportant.Iftheintervieweehasmadefullpreparations,hisorhersuccesscanbeensured.

Sample3,C1234

提出问题、现象：

Nowadays,…hasbecomeacommonphenomenon.

…hasbecomeaseriousproblemwehavetoface/solve.

Moreandmorepeopletendto….

说明原因

1.Therearesome/two…goodreasonsfor/to

Example:

Therearetworeasonsforthechangesinpeople'slivingconditions.First,wehavebeencarryingoutanopeningandreformpolicy.Second,ournationaleconomyisdeveloping…

2.Wehavetwogoodreasonsfor...

Example:

Wehavemanygoodreasonstoobjecttosmokinginpublicplaces.

3.Thereasonfor…isthat

Example:

ThereasonformybeinglatewasthatImissedthebus.

4.Severalfactorsareresponsibleforthephenomenon.

5.Theiropinionisbasedonthefactthat...

6.Thosewhoareinfavorofthe,..believethat...

7.These/Thefollowing/theabovearemyreasonsformychoice

因果关系…causes/leadto/resultin….

表示措施\办法的句型

1.Weshouldtakeeffective/drasticmeasurestostop/prevent/protect...

2.Facedwithsuchasituation,whatshallwedo?

3.Whatshouldwedotosolvetheproblem?

4.Perhapsthebestchoiceisthecombinationofthetwo..:

5.Thereareseveralwaystocopewiththeproblem.

6.Thegovernmentshouldmakestrictregulations/lawstobansuchpractice/tostopthisphenomenonfromspreading.

7.It'surgentforustodosomethingaboutthis.

8.Weshouldsparenoeffort/tryeveryme