人教版高中英语必修五unit1课文重点练习详解.docx
- 文档编号:24287287
- 上传时间:2023-05-26
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:19.32KB
人教版高中英语必修五unit1课文重点练习详解.docx
《人教版高中英语必修五unit1课文重点练习详解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《人教版高中英语必修五unit1课文重点练习详解.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
人教版高中英语必修五unit1课文重点练习详解
Unit1GREATSCIENTISTS
JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”
JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople(whowere)exposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.
(expose:
1暴露beexposedtoallkindsofweather.经受风吹雨打。
Exposesbtodanger使某人面临危险。
AstudentwhohasbeenexposedtoEnglishforsome6years.接触英语达六年左右的学生。
2.揭露。
Exposeapolitician’slies.Hehasbeenexposedasaliar.他说谎的行为被揭穿。
)
Hebecameinterestedintwotheories(thatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople).Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair,acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.
JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondon(Therewasanotheroutbreak)in1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.
Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaces(whereallthedeadpeoplehavelived).Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbersand40).Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame,
Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver(pollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon).HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.
InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeaths(thatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.)Awoman,(whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,)likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.
Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.
COPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONAYTHEORY
NicolausCopernicuswasfrightenedandhismindwasconfused.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion:
thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Only(ifyouputthesunthere)didthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.YethecouldnottellanyoneabouthistheoryasthepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolarsystem.
(Only:
wecansucceedonlyinthisway.→Only(inthisway)canwesucceed.)
Theproblemarosebecauseastronomershadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostop,movebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers.Thiswasverystrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentaroundit.
Copernicushadthoughtlongandhardabouttheseproblemsandtriedtofindananswer.Hehadcollectedobservationsofthestarsandusedallhismathematicalknowledgetoexplainthem.Butonlynewtheorycoulddothat.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.
In1514heshoweditprivatelytohisfriends.Thechanges(hemadetotheoldtheory)wererevolutionary.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingaroundtheearth.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwasspinningasitwentaroundthesunandthisexplainedchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars.Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswascautious.HedidnotwanttobeattackedbytheChristianChurch,soheonlypublisheditashelaydyingin1543.
(with﹢宾语﹢1)doing2)/done/3)介词短语/4)形容词5)副词6)todo:
Hesleptwiththewindowopen(withthelighton).
Theteachercamewithabookinhishand(underhisarm).
Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ihadtostayathomelastweekend.
Withthecrowdscheering,theroyalpartydroveintothepalace.
Withsignalgiven,thetrainleftthestation.)
Certainlyhewasrighttobecareful.TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGod’sideaandpeople(whosupportedit)wouldbeattacked.YetCopernicus’theoryisnowthebasis(onwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.)HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravity,(whichsaidthingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse.)Copernicusshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.NowpeoplecanseethatthereisadirectlinkbetweenhistheoryandtheworkofIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawking.
(辨析reject,refuse,turndown,decline.
Reject:
断然拒绝。
Refuse=turndown不太礼貌地拒绝。
Decline有礼貌地拒绝。
)
小知识:
solar太阳的—lunar月亮的。
Lunarmodule登月舱。
Lunarnaut?
astronaut,cosmonaut
Taikongnaut。
P8.samplewriting:
DearNicolausCopernicus,
IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.
Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Itisalsoodd(strange)thatbrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewtheory.
Iknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowwhetheryourideasarerightorwrong.
SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublishyournewtheory.
Keystotheworkbook:
p42exercise3translation;
1.Apartfromgoingtothepark,Ilimitmymovementstomyneighborhoods.
2.Itisdifficulttodrawaconclusionwithoutenoughevidence.
3.Thesescientificenquireswillcontributetothesuccessofourproject.
4.GustaveEiffelwasveryenthusiasticabouthisplantoconstructtheirontower,whichmadehimworld-famous.
5.Heoftenputsforwardunusualplans.Sobecautiousaboutthembeforeyoudecidetojoinin.
6.Whowasthefirstpersontorejecttheideathattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse?
7.Althoughhiswritingdoesn’tmakesense,Fredispositivethathiscompositionwillscoreahighmark.
P43.exercise2
1.Ifoundthebrokenplateonthefloor.
2.Isawatall,darkandhandsomemannamedXiaoMing.
3.Ilookedatthatmodernabstractpaintingcoloredinyellowsandgreens.
4.YesterdayIgottheexpectedanswertomyquestionontheinternet.
5.Sheismyfrienddevoted(热心的)tomyinterests.
6.OnthedoorstepIfoundalotofbottlesmarkedingreenink.
7.Wesawmanycracked(破裂的)windowsinthatroom.
词汇学习:
1.expert1)n.专家,能手
anagricultureexpert/anexpertpsychology/anexpertonancientGreekhistory
2)adj熟练的,有专门技术的
Anexpertrider(骑士)anexpertjob(需要专门知识的工作)
Heisexpertin/atcooking.
2.attendvt/vi
1)出席,参加(tobepresentat,goto)
Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.
2)照顾,看护(tolookafter,serve)
Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?
3)伴随(togowith)
Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。
Attendancen1)照顾,看护(theactofattending)
Thereisdoctorsinattendance.
2)出席人数Therewasalargeattendanceattheconcert.
3.controlv统治,控制(rule,direct,tohavepowerover)
YouaretryingtocontrolmeasIwereyourslave.
Thegovernmenttriestocontroltheprices.
Hecannotcontrolhisanger.
n.统治,控制
1)losecontrol/be(go)outofcontrol失去控制
Thedriverlostcontrolhiscaranditknockedintoatree.
Thecarwasoutofcontrolandranintoawall.
2)inthecontrolof在……控制着
Themoneyisunder/inthecontrolofMr.Brown.
4.ansorbvt/vi
1)吸收/专心于Thegirlwasabsorbedinreadingabook.
5.severeadj1)严厉,严格的(soserious)
Ithinkyouaretoosevereontheboy.
Hidseverelooks(表情)frightenedme.
2)剧烈的(veryharmfulorpainful,seriousoruncomfortable)
Hehasaseverepaininhisleg.
Beseverewith=bestrictwith
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 人教版 高中英语 必修 unit1 课文 重点 练习 详解