论文中西方餐桌礼仪对比英文版.docx

论文中西方餐桌礼仪对比英文版.docx

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论文中西方餐桌礼仪对比英文版

Abstract

ThispapermainlyfocusesonthedifferencesoftablemannersofChinaandWesterncountries.Inourmodernsociety,thecross-culturecommunicationbetweenChinaandWesterncountriesbecomesahotissueandtheinfluencesofChineseandWesternetiquetteareincreasinglyprofound,whichcausesthedifferencesintablemanners.Inthispaper,weattachmoreimportancetothedifferenttablemannersofChinaandWesterncountries,suchas,thedifferentwayspeoplesitforameal,differentdiningconceptsanddifferenttablewaresandsoon.Meanwhile,ithelpsusunderstandthesituation.Inthisway,wecanknowwellthewesterncountries’culturalbackground,andcansetupaharmoniousrelationshipwiththewesterns.

KeyWords:

tablemanners,culturalbackground,tableculture

摘要

本文主要讲中西方餐桌礼仪的不同点和相同点.在当今社会,随着中西方跨文化交流的平凡以及中西方礼仪的影响加深,导致双方餐桌礼仪方面的差异产生.本文着重于比较中西方在餐桌礼仪.例如,就餐是人们不同的入座方式,不同的饮食概念以及不同的餐具等等.此外还会指出不同国家中的一些用餐禁忌来帮助人们更好的理解餐桌礼仪。

通过此法,我们可以更加了解西方国家的文化背景,并且建立起良好的关系。

关键词：

餐桌礼仪，文化背景，餐桌文化

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements…..................................................................…………………………...…….i

Abstract…..................................................................………………………..................................ii

摘要…............................................…….........................................................................................iii

1Introduction…................................…………………………………………………….............1

2Defenceoftablemanners.........................................................................................................2

2.1Arrangementofseat..................................................………………..........…………...............2

2.1.1ArrangementofseatinChineseway

2.1.2Arrangementofseatinwesternway

2.1.3Thereasonofseatarrangement

2.2Tablewares…...................................................................……..................................................4

2.2.1HowtouseandwheretoputChinesetablewares

2.2.2Howtouseandwheretoputwesterntableware

2.2.3Reasonsthatcausethedifferencesoftablewares

2.3Therightorderofdishup...........................................................................................................8

2.3.1Chineseorder

2.3.2Westernorder

2.3.3Differentvaluethatreflectedbythoseorder

2.4Differentatmospheresattable..................................................................................................10

2.5Thewaytofinisheating............................................................................................................11

3Conclusion…...............................…………….………………………….……………………..12

Bibliography…............................................……………...………………………………………13

1.Introduction

Withthedevelopmentofglobaleconomy,cross-culturecommunicationhasbecomemoreandmorefrequent,andthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturehavebecomemoreobvious,especiallythedifferencesoftablemanners.

Havingdinnerismorethanthebasicnecessityoflife.Instead,havingdinnerisanimportantpartofsocialformulae.“JohnLoke,afamousBritishphilosopheroncesaid,thepurposeofplayingaceremonialroleistochangetheoriginalstubborntogentle,sothatpeople’stempercanbecomemoremoderateandletpeoplelearntorespectforothersandgetalongwitheachothers.”（Duan,Chen,2008）Thereisnodoubtthatsometimessomestrangersbecomeacquaintances,thoseacquaintancesgetabetterunderstandingoftheothereventothegerminationoflove.Becausetablemannerissofantasticthatitdoesusafavoronacquiringmoreinformation,openingupeyesightandexpandingthecircleofcommunication.Itisobviousthattablemannersarequiteimportantinpeople’severydaylife.TherearenumberlessdifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternfoodcultures,andthosedifferencescausethedifferencesoftablemanners.

Chinaisoneofthefourearliestcivilizationsintheworld.Chinesenationistheonlyinheritancemillenniumcivilization.WesternsocietywentthroughthedarknessofMiddleAgesandthencametoRenaissance,gavebirthtocapitalismandmoderncivilization.Today,withtheeconomicglobalization,internationalcommercialactivitieshavebecomemoreandmorefrequentlyandcross-culturecommunicationhascomeintoeverynation’sdailylife.Ininternationalcommercialnegotiations,Chineserepresentativesmighthavedinnerswithforeignrepresentatives,whileindailylifewemightbeinvitedtodinnersbyforeignfriends.Thispapermainlytalksaboutthedifferencesoftablemannersbetweentwocultures,toanalyzethecauses,aimtoachievecross-culturecommunicationmoresuccessfully.

2.Differencesoftablemanners

“Socialcustomsdiffergreatlyfromonecountrytoanother.Itisthereforeimpossibletogiveguidelinesthatareuniversallyapplicable.Generallyspeaking,youshouldactnaturally,alwaysremainingfriendly,courteous,anddignified.”（Qian,2006）

ThecoreideologyofChinesecultureiscollectiveconsciousnesswhilethewesternthoughtcoreisindividualism.Sowhenwesternpeopleareinvitedtodinnerorparty,theyordertheirownfoodanddrinktheirownwine,toavoidworkingtheirwillstootherpeople.WhileChinesepeoplewouldconsideritasunreasonablebehaviorbecauseinChineseculture,individualmustobeycollectiveconsciousness.Chinesepeoplevalueharmonization,andthereisanoldsayingthat“Harmonyismostprecious.”SoChinesepeopleliketodinetogetherandeattogether.

2.1Arrangementofseat

2.1.1ArrangementofseatinChineseway

Chinesepeoplealwayschooseroundtableswhenentertainingfriends.TherearelotsofrulesinChinaaboutwheretoputtheroundtableandwhichseattakesprecedenceonthesametable.

InChina,peopleusedtousethenumberofthetablestodefinethesizeofbanquet.Insmallbanquetswhichhavetwotables,thetableontheleftorfarthertotheportalisthetoptable.Atbiggerbanquetsthathavethreeormoretables,therulesaremuchmorecomplicated.Thetoptableisalwaysontherighthandandfarthesttotheportal.Besides,thedistancetothetoptableisalsotakenintoconsideration.Generally,seatsthatclosertothetoptabletakeprecedence.Forexample,ontheweddingparty,familymembersofthebrideortheleadershipsarearrangedtothetablethatclosesttothetoptable.Hostsshowtheirreverencestotheguestsbyarrangingseatsbythisway.

Seatsatonetablealsohavedifferentmeanings.InChinesetablemanner,theseatoppositetothedooristhehonorseat,whichisforchiefguestsorelders;theseatsbesidearethesecondhonorseatwhichareforotherguests;theseatsthatoppositetothehonorseataretheinferiorseat.Inferiorseatsareforthehostandhostess.Sobeforethebanquet,hostsshouldfirstinvitethechiefguestorelderstothehonorseat,andtheninviteothergueststothesecondhonorseat.Hostssitdownontheinferiorseatsafteralltheguestssitdown.

2.1.2Arrangementofseatinwesternway

Westernpeopleperferlongtabletoroundtablewhenentertainingfriends.Thehostandthehostessseatatbothendofthetable,whileguestsseatatotherseats.Menandwomenarearrangedtoseatalternately.Thechiefguestsitsattheupperrightsideofthehostess,andthewifeofthechiefguestseatsattheupperrightsideofthehost.Westerngentlemenareveryparticularabout“Ladyfirst”,theyarealwayshospitabletoladies.InChina,leftishonorandrightissecondary;middleishonorandslantissecondary.Whileinwestern,rightishonorandleftissecondary.

Theproperwaytotaketheseatinwesternistositbythelefthand.Elbowscanneverputontothetableandhandsareforbiddentotouchfeet.Itisbetternottowalkoutbeforethebanquetisfinished（unlessyoureallyneedto）.Duringthedinner,itisbettertositstraightly.

2.1.3Thereasonofseatarrangement

ThemainideologyinChinesecultureisgroupconsciousness,andChinesepeoplebelievethatindividualconsciousnessshouldobeygroupconsciousness.SoChinesepeoplechooseroundtablesforbanquets.Whensittingaroundroundtables,peoplecantalktoeachotherfreelyandtheatmospherecanbeverypulsating.Asthenationofetiquette,Chinesepeoplelayemphasisonpietyandhonesty,andreveringelderswhilecaringtheyoungisoneofthetraditionalvirtues.Socomeouttherulesforseatarrangement.Whileinwesternculture,themainideoloyisindividualconsciousness.Theybelievethateverybody’sbehaviorhastheirownmeaningandvalue,andpersonalabilitiesarereflectedbythosebehaviors.Westernphilosophyplacesextraemphasisonindividualconsciousness,developmentandselfexpression.Theybelievethateverybodyequals,sotheyliketouselongtablesanddonothavesomanycomplicatedrulesforseatarrangementasChinesepeopledo.

2.2Tablewares

2.2.1HowtouseandwheretoputChinesetablewares

Chinesetablewaresinvolvechopsticks,smalldish,bowlandglass.Atformalbanquets,glassisputontheupperleftoftheplate,whilewineglassontheupperright.Chopsticksandspoonarealwaysputtogetherontherighthandoftheplate.Toothpickandashtrayarealsonecessary.

2.2.1.1Chopsticks

ChopsticksarethemaintablewaresinChinesefoodculture,theyalwaysappearincouple.It’sbetternottolickchopsticks（whethertherearedregsoffoodornot）beforeyoupickfoodfromtheplates.Usingchopsticksthatlickedtopickupfoodisveryimpoliteandwillmakeotherguestsfeelsick.Itisalsobadmannertotalkwithchopsticksinhand,orevenbrandishchopsticks.Thethirdbadmannerofusingchopsticksistoinsertchopstickss