英语各大从句集合.docx
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英语各大从句集合.docx
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英语各大从句集合
英语语法
-------------从句篇
宾语从句
一. 定义:
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子
如:
He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
二. 宾语从句有三种类型:
1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义,连词that常可被省略。
例如:
I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.
Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?
注意:
(1)当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时,宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
如:
I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。
(2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。
如:
He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否(有,能,已经„„)”等一般疑问句的含义。
例如:
I wonder whether (if) he lives here.
3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁,谁的,什么,哪(个,些),何时,何地,怎样,为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。
除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外,宾语从句用陈述句语序。
例如:
To masked who could give the message to her mother.
Do you know what he said just now?
I wondered how old his brother was.
三.宾语从句的时态呼应:
“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”
1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。
2.主句是过去时,宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式;当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,宾语从句仍然用现在时态。
3.情态动词must一般不用于过去时,但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。
四.宾语从句的语序
1 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)
如:
I want to know if he can come tomorrow
2 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词 如:
She asked me who had helped him
状语从句
状语:
英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。
状语的功用:
状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,根据状语的功能状语从句可分为:
时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。
一.
时间状语从句:
在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词:
when(当„时候) while(当„时候) as(当„时候) after(在„以后) before(在„以前) as soon as(一„就) since(自从„到现在) till /until(直到„才) by the time(到„为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
1. when 当„的时候(一般情况下:
主将从现)I will become a teacher when I grow up
2. while 当„时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
3. as 在„的同时;一边„一边; He smiled as he stood up.
4. after 在„之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.
5. before 在„之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
6. as soon as 一„就„(一般情况下:
主将从现)
We began to work as soon as we got there.
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
7. since 自„以来 到现在
表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。
主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. (还可以用作介词,本句从句还可以用短语:
since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。
)
8 till /until 直到
都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语。
They walked till /until it was dark.
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
9. by the time 到„为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
By the time I got to school, the class had already began.
用法辨析:
1.when, while和as的区别
When 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时,我在吃饭。
(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。
(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。
并且while有时还可以表示对比。
例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球
(对比)
As 表示“一边….一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。
例如:
We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。
(as表示“一边„„一边”) As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。
(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间) as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生,三者差异如下:
as :
表示“一边。
。
。
一边"的意思
when:
1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作"之前 "或"之后"发生。
2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
3.常用于常见搭配中
while
1、 用于时间较长时
2、 强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时 有时这三个连词可以互换,有时不可以。
lt was raining hard when (as) I got there. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。
( 动作同时发生,when可换为as, 但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)
When I had read the article, he called me.
我看完这篇文章之后,她给我打了电话。
( 从句动作发生在主句之前,注意时态表达,只能用when )
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(当)我到了电影院时,电影已经开演了。
(从句的动作发生在主句之后,只能用when,并要注意时态)
He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要离开,忽然电话响了。
( 此时不能放在句首。
主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.
while, as不能代替
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿,然而,实际上在谈论我女儿。
(表转折,对比,when, as都不能代替它)
While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人买纪念品时,那女孩给警察打了电话。
(表示主句,从句的动作同时发生,while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词,因为它表示较长时间)
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away. 妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
(此时as ,when, while可通用)
2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。
并且要注意的是:
如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。
例如:
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
3. 由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,
表述为:
现在完成时+since+一般过去时。
但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。
例如:
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
知识扩展
1. It is …since 从….以来多长时间了
It is five years since we met last time.
2. It is
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