非谓语动词讲稿1.docx

非谓语动词讲稿1.docx

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非谓语动词讲稿1

非谓语动词

（一）不定式

I．动词不定式有两种形式：

1，带to2.不带to

II．特征具有：

形容词；名词；副词的特征，在句中可充当主；表；宾；定；状；补

III．形式：

主动形式b被动形式

一般式todotobedone

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone

进行式tobedoing

e.g.1.Wouldyouliketotellmehowyouovercamethedifficulties?

2.Iprefertogotherebybike.

3.We’llsendhimtostudyabroad.

功能：

一、做主语

Toperseveremeansvictory.

Tobehereisagreatpleasure.

TofindMarytheremademehappy.

在现代英语中通常用it来代替它做主语

e.g.:

1）.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.

2）.Itonlytookusayeartocompletethesubject.

3）.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.

如果要说不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加forsb.+todo

e.g.1）.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.

2）.It’sagreatpleasureforustobeherethisevening.

3）.It’sapityforyoutohavetostayindoorsinthisweather.

4）.It’sratherdifficultforthepeople

overtheretoseethescreen.

It+be+adj.+of/forsb.todosth.

当形容词与sb.存在逻辑上的主谓关系时用of反之用for

1）Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.

easy,difficult,necessary,important,impossible,expensive,useful,dangerous,interesting,possible,bad…

2）Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.

right,wrong,brave,clever,naughty,careless,careful,nice,good,natural,strange,impolite,polite,kind,stupid,thoughtful,cruel,silly,rude,foolish,wise….

Itisverykindofyoutohelpusinsuchadifficultcondition.

二、做宾语

1．直接带to:

wanttodo型

以下动词后用不定式作宾语afford,fail,agree/refuse,intend/attempt/plan/choose/decide/chance,wish/hope/expect/promise,desire,demand,offer,learn,manage,pretend,threaten,claim,ask,learn,

2．vt.+wh+todo型=名词词组，做主、宾、表语

decide,findout,know,learn,think,wonder,tell,show,teach等

e.g:

1.Idon’tknowwhattodo.

2.Idon’tknowwheretogo.

3.Idon’tknowwhomtoask.

4.Idon’tknowwhentostop.

5.Idon’tknowhowtogetthere.

Translation:

1.我还没有决定是卖了它还是不卖.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertosellitornot.

2.我们必须弄明白下一步该做什么。

3.她不知道要买哪一个。

4.去年夏天，他教我如何游泳。

3.vt.+todo/doing（意义相近）

love,hate,like,dislike,start,begin,prefer,continue,

IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswimtoday,becauseitiscold.

4.vt+todo/doing（意义不同）

stopto/doing

goontodo/goondoing

meantodo/meandoing

trytodo/trydoing

forgettodo/forgetdoing

remembertodo/rememberdoing

5.vt+tobedone/doing（意义相同）

needwantrequiredeserve

6.but/except+todo/do前有do后没to

:

1.Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.

2.Thechilddidnothingexceptweep.

3.Shecandoanythingbutsing.

.不定式省to:

①有do无to,donothingbutdo;②hadbetter/wouldrather/wouldsooner/ratherthan

7.形式宾语it

Ifounditdifficulttounderstandhim.

Wethoughtitwrongnottotellhim.

三．做表语

Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.

四.做宾补

1．asksb.todosth.

persuade/advise/urge/encourage/inspire,permit/allow/forbid/warn/enable/cause,need/want/expect/wish/beg/like/love/hate;tell/advise/ask/invite,trouble/order/force,/get,oblige,arrangefor/waitfor,relyon/dependon/counton/callon/appealto;think,consider,find,suppose,believe,prove+sb.+todo;

以下11个动词省to

一感feel、二听hear,listento、三使let,have,make、五看see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,+sb.+do;

主动语态不带to被动语态要带to

e.g:

Weheardsomeonecomeupthestairs.

Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.

五.做定语

动宾1）.Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevenings.

2）.Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?

主谓3）.Heisnotamantobowbeforedifficulties.

介宾4）.Let’sfirstfindaroomtoputthingsin.

5）.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

6）.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.

抽象名词1）Isthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblem?

2）Theyhadnochancetogettoschoolbeforeliberation.

六、做状语1.目的2.结果3.情绪adj.表原因

1.Hewenthometoseehismother.

2.Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.

3.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.

4.Hewentearlyinordertocleantheclassroom.

5.Togetthebestresults,usecleanwater.

6.Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.

7.Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbike?

8.Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.

9.That’smuchtooheavyforyoutolift.

10.Shehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherinhospital.

11.I’mhappytohearit.

CF.I’mhappytoseeyou./I’mhappytohaveseenyou.

（happy,lucky,surprised,sorry,glad,angry,right,thankfulamused…）

七．不定式的完成式、进行式

1．一般式表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作（状态）同时发生或发生在后

Whoheardhimsaythat?

Tellherweshallbedelightedtocome.

2.不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前，用完成式

Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.

Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.

Theythoughtitapitynottohaveinvitedher.

3.不定式表示的动作正在进行用进行式

Theyseemedtobegettingalongquitewell.

Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.

Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.

八．不定式的否定式

nottodo

（二）动名词

1．特征：

名词，形容词的作用

2．功能：

主，表，宾/介宾，定

3．形式：

主动被动

一般式doingbeingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone

做主语

Hisarrivingmadeushappy.

It’snouse/good/help/joking/awasteoftimewaitinghere.

Itisfunboatingonthelake.

It’suselesstoargue/arguingaboutthispoint.（foolish,wonderful,difficult,nice）

做宾语

a）特定动词

admit/deny,suggest/advise/propose,delay/postpone,excuse/pardon/forgive,permit/allow/forbid,avoid/escape/miss,involve/include,inquire,enjoy/appreciate,consider考虑,mind,imagine,practice,risk,resist,dislike,fancy,quit,keep,mention,finish,spend/wastetime/money（in）doingsth.,havetrouble/difficulty（in）doingsth.Thereisnouse/good,denying/point（in）doingsth.Thereisnoknowing

2.介词+doing

3.某些词组和结构+doing

①含介词to的动词词组：

confessto,accustomedto,beusedto,beopposedto,objectto,devote…to,getdownto,bereducedto,withaviewto,whatdoyousayto,whenitcomesto,lookforwardto,payattentionto

②succeedin,feellike,giveup,putoff,can’thelp（不禁）,can’tstand/resist,bebusy，beworthdoing/worthyofbeingdone/worthytobedone,/,insiston,persistin,whatabout,howabout,

e.g.Themancouldn’tstandbeingtreatedcruelly.

由于天气不好，他们推迟举行开幕式。

4.以下动词后用不定式、动名词均可作宾语.

①意思接近begin/start/continue;hate/like/love/prefer

②.意思不同remember/forget,regret,mean,try,stop,goon

③形式不同need/want/require/deserve表示被动意义时+doing/tobedone

5.否定notdoing;nothavingdone;

III.做表语

Theirjobisbuildinghouses.

e.g.他的兴趣爱好是在湖边垂钓。

她的工作是修补书籍和杂志。

Ⅳ定语

swimmingpool/sleepingcar说明名词的功能与作用

Ⅴ动名词的逻辑主语：

一般用名词所有格和物主代词充当

n./n’s+doing

1.Doyouthinkmygoingtherewillbeofanyhelp?

2.What’stroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughmachines.

3.Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?

4.TheCoopersinsistedonmystayingthereforsupper.

5.WhatwewereuneasyaboutwasXiaoLin’shavingtoomuchconfidenceinherself.

Ⅵ动名词的完成式与被动式

当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词表示的动作的承受者，动名词须用被动式being+过去分词;强调动名词表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词之前，动名词可以用完成式having+过去分词，但也可以用一般式-ing形式

1．Theyareallinterestedinclimbingmountains.

2．Hetookagreatdelightinhelpingothers.

3．Hedidn’tmentionhavingmetme.

4．

Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.

takingheradvice.

5．Hediditwithoutbeingasked.

6．Hedidn’tmindbeingleftathome.

7．Theycouldn’tstandbeingtreatedlikeasecondclasscitizen.

（三）分词

I特征：

形容词，副词的作用

II.形式：

主动被动

一般式完成式一般式完成式

现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone

过去分词done

III功能：

定，表，状，宾补

Thisisanamusingstory.

Throwawaythisbrokencup.

Thecupisbroken

Thestoryisamusing.

Theycameintotheroomlaughingandtalking.

Hecameintotheroomfollowedbytwocomrades.

Theyfoundthestoryamusing.

Theyfoundthecupbroken.

1．做表语：

表示主语所具有的特征

Thestorywasinteresting.

Shelookeddisappointed.

（bore,disappoint,excite,interest,surprise…….）

2．做定语

atouchingstory=astorythatistouching

asleepingchildboilingwater

abarkingdogrunningwater

changingsituationcomingweek

armedforceboiledwater

cannedfoodsteamedbread

smokedfish

1.Whoisthecomradestandingbythedoor?

=Whoisthecomradethatisstandingbythedoor?

2.Isthereanythingplanned（thathasbeenplanned）fortonight?

3.Suddenlythereappearedayoungwomandressedingreen（whowasdressed）.

4.Tellthechildrenplaying（whoareplaying）therenottomakesomuchnoise.（动作进行）

5.Theylivedinaroomfacing（thatfaced）south.（表示经常性的动作或状态）

下列句子不宜改为分词：

1.Thecomradewhocamethismorningisourheadmaster.

2.Thosewhohavefinishedtheirworkcangohomenow.

2.Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?

过去分词表示的动作1。

被动2。

已发生

1．Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencil.

2.Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourlibrary.

III.做状语

1.时间：

1．Openingthedoor,Isawnobodyin.

2．Learningthis,hethrewhimselfintotheworkwithgreatzeal.

Notice:

这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语表示的动作立即发生。

这种状语一般放在句子前部。

如果两个动作完全是同时发生的，多用while或when加分词这种结构：

Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.

Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.

Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.

有时也可省略when,while

Jimhurthisarm（while）playingtennis.

3．Havingarrivedatadecision,theyimmediatelysettowork.

4．Havingbeenexperimentedseveraltimes,thisnewproductwillbeputintomassproduction.

5．Heated,waterchangesintosteam.

2.原因：

1.Notunderstandingitsmeaning,heaskedtheteachertoexplaintheword.

2.HavinglivedinBerlinformanyyears,heknewthecitywell.

3.Thechildren,exhausted,fellasleepatonce.

3.条件：

Workinghard,youwillsucceed.

4.让步：

Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.

5.结果：

Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthe