高考英语考前刷题大卷练五.docx
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高考英语考前刷题大卷练五.docx
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高考英语考前刷题大卷练五
刷题大卷练(五)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
[2019·烟台高考诊断性测试]
Dogsandhumanshavebeenlivingsidebysideforabout15000years,buttherearetonsoffactsaboutdogsthatperhapswehaveneverheardof.
Nightvision
Dogshavegoodnightvision.Theirlargepupilsletmorelightinandtherods(视杆细胞)workbetterinpoorlight.Butthebiggestfactoristhetapetum(反光组织),whichreflectslightatthebackoftheeye.Besides,dogs'whiskers(胡须)alsohelpthem“see”inthedarkbecausetheypickuponverysmallchangesinair,providingdogswithinformationaboutthesize,shape,andspeedofthingsnearby.
Secrettailcode
Dogscanusetheirtailstocommunicate.Theywagtheirtailstotherightwhentheyarerelaxedorhappy,andtotheleftwhennervousorthreatened.Whenthey'reaggressive,thetailswillstickstraightupintheair.Abroadwagisfriendlywhileaslowwagisneutral,neitherexcitednoranxious.
Dreams
Weoftenseeadog'sbodymakingsuddenmovementsinitssleep.Dogshavethesamebrainwavepatternsashumans'whiletheyareasleep,sotheydreamjustlikewedo.
Supernose
Dogscanfindtheirwayhomedespitelongdistances.Theirnosesareavitalpartoftheirincrediblesenseofdirection.Thepartofadog'sbrainthatcontrolssmellis40timeslargerthanhumans'.They'reabletofollowsmellsformiles.Furthermore,dogshaveanamazingabilitytorecognizethesmellsgivenoffbytheabnormalcellsinhumanbodies,includingcancer.Thisissomethingscientistsareeagertoexplorefurther.Andinterestingly,adog's“fingerprint”isonitsnose.Thepatternsondogs'nosesaresodistinctthattheycanactuallybeusedtoidentifytheanimals.
Asixthsense
Dogsactstrangelybeforesomethingbad,likeastormorearthquake,happens,fortheyaresensitivetolowfrequenciesthathumanscan'tsense.Sodon'tlettheirstrangebehaviorgounnoticednexttime.Itcouldsaveyourlife.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了关于狗的一些信息。
1.Whichofthefollowingindirectlyhelpsdogsseewellinthedark?
A.Theirrods.B.Theirtapetum.
C.Theirwhiskers.D.Theirpupils.
答案与解析:
C 考查细节理解。
由第二段第四句Besides,dogs'whiskers(胡须)alsohelpthem“see”inthedarkbecausetheypickuponverysmallchangesinair,providingdogswithinformationaboutthesize,shape,andspeedofthingsnearby.可知,狗的胡须能间接帮助它们在黑暗中看清东西,故正确答案为C。
2.Ifadogholdsupthetail,itindicates________.
A.happinessB.attack
C.friendlinessD.relaxation
答案与解析:
B 考查细节理解。
由第三段第三句“Whenthey'reaggressive,thetailswillstickstraightupintheair.”可知,当狗的尾巴笔直竖起时,它们有攻击性,故正确答案为B。
3.Whathasn'tbeendiscoveredaboutadog?
A.Whyitcansensenaturaldisasters.
B.Whyithasanacutesenseofsmell.
C.Whatemotionsitshowswithitstail.
D.Howitcansmellhumans'illnesses.
答案与解析:
D 考查细节理解。
该题问的是有关狗的信息还有什么没有被发现。
根据最后一段第一句可知,狗能感受到自然灾害是因为它们能感知到人类无法感知的低频率;根据第五段第三句可知,狗有敏锐的嗅觉是因为狗的大脑里控制嗅觉的部分比人类的要大40倍;根据第三段内容可知,狗的尾巴可以表达它的情绪;根据第五段倒数第三、四句可知,狗如何能嗅到人类的疾病还需要进一步的探索,故正确答案为D。
B
[2019·洛阳、许昌高三质量检测]
Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.
Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalmaths.
Ihaveonlytheunmemorablememoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.
Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconsciousmind.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,whichsomemighthonourwiththetitleofscientificresearch.
Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist:
Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisselfdiscipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistrequiresnotonlyselfdisciplinebutalltraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理:
博物学家是天生的,而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
【熟词生义】 result常用义:
n.结果
例句:
HisviewsarethedirectresultofthetimehespentinAfrica.他的观点是他在非洲那段日子的直接产物。
本句义:
v.产生;造成
例句:
Thecyclonehasresultedinmanythousandsofdeaths.气旋已经造成了成千上万的人死亡。
【难句分析】 ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.
分析:
本句是一
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