定语从句讲解与练习共10页.docx
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定语从句讲解与练习共10页.docx
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定语从句讲解与练习共10页
定语从句讲解和练习
一、概念:
Heistheboywhooftengoestoschoollate.
先行词关系词定语从句
二、原则:
a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面,限制修饰先
行词。
b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。
c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分.
三、扩大.SheistheoldwomanwhomIsawthismorning.
MaryisthegirlwhoseparentsworkinJapan.
Isthisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor?
October1,1949isthedaywhenNewChinawasfounded.
Thisisthehousewherethegreatmanwasborn.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.
四、下列定语从句只能用that来引导:
1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰
ThisisthelongestbridgethatIhaveeverseen.
2.先行词为序数词所修饰
Ihappenedtobethethousandthguestthatvisitedthegreathotel.
ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaseverwritteninEnglish.
3.先行词既包括人又包括物
Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthathappenedintheschool.
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.
4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句
Whoisthemanthatcamethismorning?
Whichisthebagthatyoulost?
5.先行词为theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame所修饰的定语从句
Heistheverypersonthatthepolicearelookingfor.
ThisistheonlythingthatIcanremember.
6.先行词是everything,nothing,something,all,little,much,
everybody等不定代词
Telluseverythingthatyouknow,please.
Isthereanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?
7.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
I’vereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.
五、“介词+关系词”及关系副词when,where,why
1).Theboxisfullofbottles.Heisstandingonthebox.
---->Theboxonwhichheisstandingisfullofbottles.
Theboxwhereheisstandingisfullofbottles.
2).Thisisthetrain.Weworkonthetrain.
---->Thisisthetrainonwhichwework.
Thisisthetrainwherewework.
3).Iknowthereason.Shediditforthereason.
---->Iknowthereasonforwhichshedidit.
Iknowthereasonwhyshedidit.
4).Themanisourschoolmaster.Youshookhandswiththemanjust
now.
---->Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsisourschoolmaster.
5).ThepenismadeinShanghai.Sheiswritingwiththepen.
---->ThepenwithwhichsheiswritingismadeinShanghai.
不能拆开的词组:
lookfor/lookafter/catchholdof/takecareof/puton/takeoff…….
六、非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充,说明的作用,常用逗号分开。
关系代词用who(m),which,关系副词用where,when.非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导.
ThiswastheAmericanCivilWar,whichlasted4yearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.
Hewastakentoanotherroom,wherehefoundawoundedboy,whowasdying.
七、as作为关系代词,习惯上用于下列词组:
thesame....assuch...asas...as,so…as
1.Takeasmanybooksasyouwant.
2.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.
3.Hereadsuchbooksaswillmakehimwiser.
4.ThetownisaboutthesamedistancefromNanjingasYangzhouis.
As用于非限制性定语从句,常见以下句型:
asyouknow,aswehaveseen,asisknowntoall,asanybodycansee,aswasexpected,aswecanimagine,ashasbeenpointedout
as与which的用法区别:
as与which在非限制性定语从句中,都可指代整个主句,但as引导的从句可放在主句的句首,句中或句尾,而which引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾
Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.
Oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth,aswehaveseen.
Shewasawardedagoldmedal,whichthewholefamilyconsideredagreathonour.
八、thesame…as,thesame…that的区别
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(相似的事物)
IamwearingthesamecoatthatIworeyesterday.(同一事物)
九、定语从句和同位语从句的区别:
定语从句相当于形容词作定语,对先行词加以限制或修饰,同位语从句相当于名词,对先行词加以补充或说明,连接词that在定语从句中充当某个成分,而that在同位语从句不充当句子成分.
Thepromisethatmyunclegavememadeushappy.(定语从句)
Thepromisethatmyunclewouldgivemeanewbikemadeushappy.(同位语从句)
Thenewsthattheyhadwoncame.
一十、关系代词what和that,which的区别:
先比较下列句子中的what和that:
Hetoldusthethingsthathehadseen.
-->Hetolduswhathehadseen.
ThisisthewordswhichIsaid.
-->ThisiswhatIsaid.
可以看出what实际上等于是“thethingthat(which)”,即“先行词+关系词”.因此在句中如果已有先行词,则不能用what,而只能用that(which),如没有先行词,则用what。
what是一个没有先行词的关系词。
定语从句练习
一.用适当的关系词填空:
1.WearelearningEnglish,alanguage_____isusedinmanyplacesin
theworld.
2.MostAmericansloveChinesefood,____iscookedinadifferentwayfromwesternfood.
3.Thismagazinebelongstotheteacher____teachesushistory.
4.Anyone____comestoChinawillsurelyvisittheGreatWallnearBeijing.
5.Anyone____hasacoldshouldhaveagoodrest.
6.Thehouse_____standsonthetopofthehillwasbuiltlastmonth.
7.Themedicine_____heboughtisgoodforyourhealth.
8.Heistheonlyperson______sawtheaccidentyesterday.
9.Tomistryingtoreadintheroom_____theothersarewatchingTV.
10.Wewon’tforgettheday_____theherowaskilled.
11.Thestudent_____theteachersaretalkingabouthaswonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.
12.Thenewspaper____youarereadingistwodaysold.
13.Doyourememberthetime_______wegotlostinthepark?
14.I’llneverforgetthetime____wespenttogetherinthearmycamp.
15.Theyarebuildingahospitalonthestreet___weusedtolive.
16.Thepresent_____hegaveheryesterdayeveningisstillunopened.
17.Happinessisoneofthethings_____moneycannotbuy.
18.Thisisthehospital______hermotherworks.
19.I’llneverforgettheday_______IjoinedtheLeague.
20.Thehouse________waspulleddownlastweekisbeingrebuilt.
21.Theman_______wifediedlastyearhasgonetoJapan.
22.Tellmethereason______theAmericanladyleft.
23.Doyouknowtheboy______waspraisedatthemeeting?
24.Iknowthegirl________theteacherpraisedyesterday.
25.Allenisthegirl________Ithinkwillsucceedinthetest.
26.Everything____Iknowwillbetaughttothestudents.
27.Thisisthebestfilm_____Ihaveeverseen.
28.Themanagerwalkedtowardthegate____theworkersarewaiting.
29.Youcan’tgointothisroom_______theyarehavingameeting.
30.Istillrememberthedays_____westudiedtogether.
31.Thepicture____hasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.
32.Don’tmakethesamemistake______youdidlasttime.
33.Hefailedintheexam,______surprisedusall.
34.Hedidall______wasnecessarytobedone.
35.Herparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone____familywaspoor.
36.Tom,_______parentsarepoorworkers,alwaysgoeshungry.
二.用“介词+关系代词”填空:
1.Haveyoueverreadthebook__________therearemanypictures?
2.Theman_____________hehadatalkyesterdayisadoctor.
3.Thelibrary_____________weoftenborrowbooksisverylarge.
4.Thegentleman______________youjustspokeisourheadmaster.
5.Thisisthenewbicycle___________Ispentfivehundreddollars.
6.Herearethetabletennisplayers,some_______areouroldfriends.
7.Thetool______________heisworkingiscalledaspade.
8.Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargest____________isTaiwan.
9.Theschoolhas2600students,twothirds____________aregirls.
10.Waterisaliquid,thefreezingpoint_______________is0’C.
11.Givemeapieceofpaper________Icanwritethephonenumber.
12.Theboybuiltatelescope___________hecouldstudytheskies.
三.选择填空:
1.Thevillage____Ionceworkedhaschangedalot.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD./
2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry,_____weallknow.
A.whomB.asC.thatD.which
3.Hetoldmeofthepeopleandinterestingthings____hehadseenin
America.
A.whichB.whomC.whatD./
4.Wasitatatheater__theymet?
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inwhich
5.Thepicturewhichhasmanyflowersinis____Ilikebest.
A.whichB.thatC.theoneD.where
6.Theknife____hecutthebreadisverysharp.
A.withwhichB.withitC.withthatD.which
7.Itisyouthat____wrong.
A.isB.wasC.areD.hasbeen
8.Heisoneoftheforeignexpertswho____Chinese.
A.knowsB.knowC.isknownD.areknown
9.Intheoldhouse,Tomwashedthetenwindows,mostof___hadn’t
beencleanedforyears.
A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which
10.Aliceistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourschoolwho___
Australia?
A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeento
11.Passmethebook___coverisred.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.that
12.Isthisthehospital____youvisitedtheotherday?
A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.atwhich
13.Isthisfactory____youwanttovisittomorrow?
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.theone
14.Hehaslostthekeytothedesk_____thepapersarekept.
A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.inthat
15.Themicebuilttunnels____theycangetriceinthefields.
A.whichB.onwhichC.bywhichD.throughwhich
16.He’llrememberthedays____hespentwithhispupils.
A./B.whereC.whatD.inwhich
17.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
18.Isitinthishouse_____hewasborn?
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.inwhich
19.Heisnot____afool____.
A.such…asheislookedB.such…ashelooks
C.as…asheislookedD.so…ashelooks
20.Doyourememberthevillage____in1978?
A.wherewewenttoB.wherewewent
C.whichwewentD.thatwewent
21.Doyouknowthestudent_____?
A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalk
C.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk
22.Hemetmymother,from____hegotthenewsofmymarriage.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.her
23.Theman___hasgonetoBeijing.
A.whomItoldyouB.whichItoldyou
C.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout
24.ItisthethirdtimethatI____here.
A.hadbeenB.wasC.havebeenD.willbe
25.Haveyouvisitedthebridge____theworkershavejustfinished
building____?
A./…/B.where…itC.where…/D./…it
26.Helostthemoney____hewouldpayforhiseducation
A.whomB.whichC.ofwhomD.ofwhich
27.You’dbetterletthechildrenreadsuchbooks____willmakethem
betterandcleverer.
A.whichB.thatC./D.a
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