英语英文单词构词法.docx

英语英文单词构词法.docx

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英语英文单词构词法

Prefixes,SuffixesandRoots

前缀、后缀和词根

A.PREFIXES 前缀

Prefix前缀

Meaning代表

Example例词

a-

not

amoral不道德，atypical不典型，amorphous无定形

ab-

awayfrom

abnormal异常，abrupt突然，abstain弃权

ante-

before,infrontof

anteroom接待室，antecedent先行，antedate先期

anti-

against,opposite

antidote解毒剂，antipathy反感，antiseptic防腐剂

arch-

chief,prime

archbishop大主教，archangel天使长，archenemy头号敌人

bene-

well

benefactor恩人，benefit效益，benevolent仁

bi-

two

bisect对开，bifocal双光焦，bigamy重婚

circum-

around,onallsides

circumvent所有方面，circumscribe限定、周围画线，circumnavigate绕过、规避

con-

with

conversation交谈，confound混淆，convoy车队

col-

with

collage拼贴，collateral附带、抵押，collapse崩溃

cor-

with

correlate相关，correspond对应，correct正确的

co-

with

co-worker合作者,co-exist共存,co-author共同作者

contra-

against,opposite

contradict矛盾，contraband违禁品，contravene违反

de-

not,awayfrom,downfrom

descend下降，deflate紧缩，deviate偏离

dis-

apart,away,not

distrust不信任，disinterested无私，disorder混乱

ex-,e-

outfrom,former

exit退出，excavate挖掘，ex-governor前州长，egress出口

extra-

outside,beyond

extraordinary非凡，extrasensory超感觉的，extravagant奢侈

in-

into,not

inhale吸入，inept不称职的，innocent无辜的

im-

into,not

imbalance不平衡的，immoral不道德的，impel促使

il-

into,not

illiterate文盲，illegal非法的，illegible难以辨认

ir-

into,not

irregular不正常的，irresponsible不负责任的，irresolute犹豫不决

inter-

between,atintervals

intersperse点缀，intermittent间歇性，intervene干预

intra-

within

intracellular细胞内的

mal-

ill,badly,bad,wrong

malfunction,故障，malnutrition营养不良，malevolent恶意

mis-

not,wrong,wrongly,

misunderstanding误解，misuse误用，mistrust不信任

non-

not

nonexistent不存在，nonpaymen不付款，nonconformist不妥协

peri-

around,about,enclosing

perimeter周长，periscope潜望镜，periphery周边

post-

behind,after

posterity子孙posthumous死后，postscript附言

pre-

before,earlier,infrontof

preconceive预感，premonition前线，predict预测

pro-

forward,before

propulsion推进，prologue开场白，project项目

re-

back,again

reappear重新出现，recapture再次抓到，reclaim回收

retro-

backwards

retrospect回顾，retroactive追溯，retroflex卷舌音

se-

aside,apart

seclusion隔离、隐居，secede分裂，seduce引诱

semi-

half,partly

semiannual半年，semicircle半圆，semiprecious次贵重的

sub-

under,below

submarine潜艇，subnormal次正常，submerge淹没

super-

over,above,extra

superimpose额外叠加，supernatural超自然的，superfluous多余的

syn-,sym-

togetherwith

synchronize同步，synthesis合成，sympathy同情

trans-

across,over,through,beyond

transition过渡，transcend超越，transgress违背

ultra-

beyond,excessively

ultraconservative极端保守，ultramodern现代，ultraviolet紫外线

uni-

one

uniform统一的，unicameral一院制，unique独特的

vice-

onewhotakestheplaceofanother

vice-president副总统，viceroy总督，vice-consul副领事

B.SUFFIXES后缀

NounSuffixes名词后缀

Suffix后缀

Meaning代表

Example例词

-ance,-ence

actof,stateof

attendance出席，precedence优先，reliance依赖

-ancy,-ency

actof,stateof

hesitancy犹豫不决，presidency主席，consistency一致状态

-ation

state,action,institution

fixation固定，exploration勘探，starvation饥饿，foundation基础，organization组织

-dom

domain,conditionof

freedom自由，wisdom智慧，kingdom王国

-er

onewho

painter画家，receiver接收器，baker面包师

-or

onewho

actor演员，governor省长，inspector稽查

-ar

onewho

bursar财务主管，liar骗子，beggar乞丐

-eer

onewho

profiteer牟取暴利，racketeer敲诈勒索，pamphleteer小册子作者

-ist

onewho

segragationist种族隔离主义者，realist现实主义者，cyclist骑自行车者

-ess

onewho

actress女演员，poetess女诗人，lioness雌狮

-hood

stateof

boyhood少年时代，falsehood谎言，manhood男子汉气概

-ism

doctrine,pointofview

mannerism习气，idealism理想主义，realism现实主义

-ity

state,quality

sanity理智，rapidity迅速，elasticity弹性

-ment

state,quality,actof

amazement惊讶，payment付款，embodiment体现

-ness

stateof

fullness丰满，shyness羞怯，sickness疾病

-ocracy

systemofgovernment

democracy民主，autocracy专制，plutocracy富豪

-ship

state,condition

friendship友谊，dictatorship独裁，membership成员

AdjectiveSuffixes形容词后缀

Suffix后缀

Meaning代表

Example例词

-able,-ible

capableof

capable有能力的，edible可食用的，visible可见的

-al

like,pertainingto

criminal刑事的，practical务实的，musical音乐的

-ful

fullof,having

useful有益的，hopeful有希望的，successful成功的

-ish

like,pertainingto

foolish愚蠢的，childish幼稚的，selfish自私的

-ic

like,pertainingto

democratic民主的，heroic英雄的，specific具体的

-ive

like,pertainingto

active积极的，explosive爆炸的，sensitive敏感的

-less

without

speechless话少的，childless无子女的，harmless无害的

-like

havingthequalitiesof

childlike孩子般的，stringlike似绳的，statesmanlike政治家的

-ly

havingthequalitiesof

beastly兽性的，manly男子气的，wordly世俗的

-ous

pertainingto,like

courageous勇敢的，ambitious雄心勃勃的，grievous严重的

AdverbSuffixes副词后缀

Suffix后缀

Meaning代表

Example例词

-ly

ina...manner

happily愉快的方式，strangely奇怪的是，comically滑稽地

-ward（s）

manneranddirecionofmovement

backward（s）向后，earthward回地球，homeward回家

-wise

inthemannerof,asfaras...isconcerned

crabwise小心翼翼，clockwise顺时针方向，corkscrew-wise螺旋地education-wise教育方面，weather-wise天气方面

VerbSuffixes动词后缀

Suffix后缀

Meaning代表

Example例词

-en

become,make

deafen使耳聋，ripen成熟，widen拓宽

-ify

cause,make

beautify美化，diversity多样化，simplify简化

-ize

cause,make

symbolize象征，hospitalize住院，publicize宣传

Roots词根

A.LATIN拉丁词根

Root词根

Meaning代表

Example例词

agr

field,farm

agriculture农业，agronomy农学

aud

hear

auditorium观众席，audience观众

aqua

water

aquatic水生的，aqueduct渡槽

cid

kill

suicide自杀，genocide种族灭绝

celer

speed,hasten

accelerate加快推进，celerity敏捷

clud,

clusclose,shut

seclusion隐居，include包括

cur,curr

run

incur招致，current目前

dict

say

diction说词，contradict矛盾

duct

lead

induce引诱，abduct绑架

fact

make,do

manufacture制造，factory工厂

flect

bend

inflection拐点，deflect偏转

frater

brother

fraternal兄弟，fratricide兄弟残杀

fund,

fuspour

refund退款，effusive热情洋溢

gress,grad

go,step

progress进展，gradual逐步

jud

judgement

judicial司法判决，judicious明智的

lect,

legread,choose

collect收集，legend传说

loq,

locspeak

eloquent雄辩，locution惯用语

manu

hand

manuscript手稿，manicure修指甲

mar

sea

maritime海洋，submarine海底

mater

mother

maternal孕产妇，matriarch女族长

med

middle

intermediary媒介的，medium中间

min

smaller,inferior

diminish缩小，minute分钟

mort

death

mortician办丧事的人，殡仪人，mortal凡人

nom

name

nomenclature命名，nominal名义的

pater

father

paternal父亲，patriotic爱国的

ped,

podfoot

pedal脚踏，tripod三脚架

pend

hang,weigh

depend依赖，ponderous沉闷

plic

fold

complicate复杂，duplicate复制

port

carry

portable轻便携带的，import进口

pos,pon

place,put

postpone推迟，position位置

reg,rect

rule,manage

direct指导，regulate调控

rupt

break

rupture破裂，disrupt破坏

scrib,

scripwrite

inscribe登记，conscription征兵

tact,tang

touch

tactile触觉的，tangible有形

vacu

empty

vacuum真空，evacuate撤离

voca

call

vocal呼叫声，invocation调用

vora

devour

voracious贪婪的，carnivorous食肉的

GREEK希腊词根

Root词根

Meaning代表

Example例词

anthro

man

anthropoid人猿，misanthrope厌世

astro

star

astrology占星术，astronaut宇航员

auto

self

automatic自动，automobile汽车

biblio

book

bibliography书目，bibliophile藏书

bio

life

biology生物学，biography传记

chronos

time

chronicle纪事，chronology年表

demo

people

democrat民主，demography人口

geo

earth

geology地质geography地理

glot

tongue

polyglot通晓数种语言，glottal声门

gram

somethingwritten

telegram电报，grammar语法

graph

write

autograph签名，biography传记

hetero

different

heterogeneous全然不同的

homo

same

homogeneous同源，homosexual同性恋

hydra

water

dehydrate脱水，hydrant消火栓

kosmo

world

cosmopolitan都市，cosmonaut宇航员

krat

power

democrat民主主义者，autocrat独裁者

logo

study

anthropology人类学，chronology年表

mega

big

megaphone扩音器，megaton百万吨级

micro

small

microscope显微镜，microphone麦克风

naut

sailor

astronaut宇航员，nautical航海

necro

death

necromancer巫师

neo

new

neophyte新手，neoclassical新古典主义

neuro

nerve

neurology神经学neurotic神经

nomo

knowledge,law

autonomy自主权astronomy天文学

patho

suffering,disease

pathetic可怜的，pathology病理

Philo

love

philosophy哲学，philanthropist慈善家

phobo

fear

hydrophobia狂犬病，phobia恐惧症

phone

sound,voice

phonology音韵学，telephone电话

photo

light

photography摄影，photosynthesis光合作用

poli

city

cosmopolitan国际都会，politician政治家

poly

many

polyglot通晓数种语言，monopoly垄断

psych

ofthemind

psychic精神，psychology心理

scop

examine

scope范围，telescope望远镜

soph

wise

sophisticated成熟，philosophy哲学

tele

distant

telegraph电报，telepathy心灵感应

typ

intake

typical典型，typewriter打字机