浙教版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷.docx
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浙教版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷.docx
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浙教版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷
浙教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)D卷
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一、阅读理解(共5题;共52分)
1.(10分)阅读理解
Mymotherusedtoaskmewhatthemostimportantpartofthebodywas.Igotdifferentanswersatdifferentages.
WhenIwasyoung,Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttous,soIsaid,"Myears,Mum."Butsheshookherheadandsaidno.Severalyearspassed,andsheaskedmeagain.IbelievedthatIgottherightanswerafterthinkingitover.SoItoldher,"Sightisveryimportanttoeveryone,soitmustbeoureyes."ButshetoldmeIwaswrong.Itriedmanytimesafterthat,butheranswerwasalwaysthesame.Tilllastyear,mygrandmadied.Everybodywascrying,andeverybodywashurt.Mymomlookedatmeandaskedmewithtearsinhereyes,"Doyouknowtheanswernow?
"Iwassurprisedwhensheaskedmethisquestionthen."Myson,theanswerisyourshoulder.Everyoneneedsashouldertocryon."
Finally,Irealized(意识到)allshehopedisthatIcanhaveenoughloveandfriendssothatIwillhaveashouldertocryonwhenIneedit.
(1)Accordingtothepassage,________arethemostimportantpartofthebody.
A.eyes
B.ears
C.feet
D.shoulders
(2)Thewritergave________tothesamequestionatdifferentages.
A.thesameanswer
B.differentanswers
C.fouranswers
D.therightanswer
(3)________gavetherightanswertothequestionatlast.
A.Thewriter'sfather
B.Thewriter'smother
C.Thewriter
D.Thewriter'sgrandma
(4)Thewritergottherightansweronthedaywhen________.
A.hisgrandmadied
B.somebodywashurt
C.hismotherwassurprised
D.hewasyoung
2.(12分)阅读理解
Art,asweknow,issubjective.Whatonepersonconsidersapricelessmasterpieceothersmightseeasnothingmorethanagiantblacksquare.Butthere'soneveryspecifickindofpaintingthatalmosteveryoneseesthesameway-thekindwiththe""strange"eyesthatseemtofollowyouaroundtheroom.Sowhatcausesthisopticalillusion(视觉错觉)andhowdoartistsachievethiseffect?
Itturnsout,forevenamoderatelyskilledartist,thiseffectisn'tadifficultthingtoachieve,Infact,theartistsneedtousealittleillusionofdepth,makingthepersondepictedonthecanvasappearssomewhat3Dona2Dcanvas,andtoadjust.thegaze(凝视)oftheeyessothattheywouldbelookingatsomeonestandingrightinfrontofthepicture.
Sowhatexactlyisgoingonhereinourbrainsthatthenmakesitseemliketheeyesfollowyouevenifyoumoveawayfrombeingfrontandcenter?
AsdemonstratedbyateamofresearchersfromOhioStateUniversity,asyoumovetotheside,the"near?
and"far"pointsofthe2Dimagedon'treallychange.Thesenearandfarpointsaredefinedasvisiblepointsthat,iftheimagewas3D,wouldappearnearestandfurthestawayfromthevieweratagivenangle.
Theideaissimple.Nomatterwhatangleyoulookatapainingfrom,thepaintingitselfdoesn'tchange.You'relookingataflatsurface.Thekeyisthatthenearpointsandfarpointsofthepictureremainedthesamenomattertheanglethepicturewasviewedfrom.Whenobservingrealsurfacesinthenaturalenvironmentthenearandfarpointsvarywhenwechangeviewingdirection.Whenweobserveapictureonthewall,thevisualinformationthatdefinesnearandfarpointsisunaffectedbyviewingdirection.Still,wewillinglyacceptandinterpretthethinginthepaintingasifitwerearealobject.
Thus,becausetheperspective,shadows,andlightonthepaintingdon'tchangeasyoumovearound,iftheeyesinthepaintingwouldbestaringdirectlyattheobserverwhoisstandinginfrontofthepainting,itcreatessomethingofanopticalillusioninyourbrainsothattheeyeswillcontinuetoseemtostareatyouasyoumovetotheside.
Incontrasttotheeyesfollowingyoutrick,iftheartisttweaksthepaintingabit,forexampletheartistadjuststhegazeoftheeyessothattheeyesarelookingoffsomewhereelseinsteadofdirectlylookingatapotentialobserver,nomatterwhereyoustand,theeyeswillneverseemtobelookingatyou.
Thetechniquefirstbeganpopularlyshowingupinartaroundthe14thcenturywhentheartistandarchitectFillipoBrunelleshiintroducedtheartworldtotheideaof"linearperspective",beingpaintingwiththeideaofeverythinginthepictureconverging(聚集)onaspecificpointonthehorizon,creatingtheillusionofdepth.Linearperspective,combinedwithskilleduseoflightandshadow,allowsartiststocreatemasterfullyrealisticpaintings,includingsometimesofpeoplethatstareatyoucreepilynomatterwhereyoustand.
(1)What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingParagraph1?
A.Toleadinthequestionwhystaringeyesseemtofollowusinapainting,
B.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenapricelessmasterpieceandablacksquare.
C.Tointroducethetopicthattheopticalillusioncanmakethepaintinglookreal.
D.Toprovethatpeoplecanthinkalikewhentheyadmireacertainkindofpainting.
(2)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Thevisiblepointsoftheimagewon'tchangeinthenaturalenvironment.
B.Thenearandfarpointsofapaintingareaffectedbyourviewingdirection.
C.Theviewingdirectionofviewerscanmaketheimageinthepaintinglookteal
D.Theopticalillusioninourbrainmakesusfeeltheeyesinthepaintingstaringatus.
(3)The3rdparagraphismainlyabout__________.
A.whotookpartintheresearch.
B.howlongtheresearchlasted.
C.whatwasfoundintheresearch,
D.howtheresearchwasperformed.
(4)What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"tweak"inthepassage?
A.change
B.decorate
C.move
D.turn
3.(10分)(2017八下·萧山期中)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
D
Doyounoticemusicplayingtherewhenyougosomewhere?
Todaymoststores,stationsrestaurantsandotherplacesplaymusic.Youmightevenhearmusicinanofficeoronafarm.
Scientistsbelievethatmusicchangesthewaypeoplebehave.TheythinkthatWesternclassicalmusicmakespeoplefeelrich.Whenarestaurantplaysclassicalmusic,peoplespendmoremoneyonfoodanddrinks.Whentherestaurantplaysmodernmusic,peoplespendlessmoney.Withoutmusic,peoplespendevenless.
Scientistsalsobelievethatloud,fastmusicmakespeopleeatfaster.Infact,peopleeattheirfoodfasterwhenthemusicgetsfaster.Somerestaurantsplayfastmusicduringtheirbusyhours.Thisgetspeopletoeatfasterandleavemorequickly.Restaurantscanmakemoremoneythisway.
Somescientiststhinkthatmusicmakespeoplethinkandlearnbetter.Theysaythatmusichelpsstudentsbemoreactive.Itistruethatpeoplelearnbetterwhentheyarerelaxed.Andlisteningtomusiccanhelppeoplerelax.
Nexttimeyouhearmusicsomewhere,becareful.Itmightchangethewayyoudothings.
(1)
Accordingtothetext,scientistsbelievethatmusiccan_______.
A.Createdifferentfeelingsforus
B.Helpustodevelopgoodhabits
C.Developourinterestinmoney
D.Influencenaturalenvironments
(2)
Westernclassicalmusicmakespeoplefeel_________.
A.slower
B.Somethingaboutmanners
C.richer
D.Somethingwithnewstyles
(3)
Whichtypeofmusicbelowcanmakepeopleeatfaster?
A.Lightmusic.
B.Rockmusic.
C.Sweetmusic.
D.Softmusic.
(4)
Thehabitoflisteningtomusiccanmakeastudent___________.
A.slowinaction
B.careaboutmanners
C.thinkandlearnbetter
D.worryaboutstudies
(5)
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Musicinrestaurants
B.GoodandBadmusic
C.Typesofmusic
D.MusicandBehavior
4.(10分)根据短文内容,选择正确答案。
D
Theword“day”hastwomeanings.Whenwetalkaboutthenumberofdaysinayear,weareusing“day”tomean24hours.Butwhenwetalkaboutdayandnight,weareusing“day”tomeanthetimebetweensunriseandsunset.Sincetheearthlookslikeaball,thesuncanshineononlyhalfofitatatime.Alwaysonehalfoftheearthishavingdayandtheotherhalfnight.Aplaceismovedfromdayintonightandfromnightintodayoverandoverbythespinning(旋转)oftheearth.Attheequator(赤道)dayandnightaresometimesthesamelength.Theyareeachtwelvehourslong.Thesunrisesat6inthemorningandsetsat6intheevening.ForsixmonthstheNorthPoleistilted(倾斜)towardthesun.InthosemonthstheNorthernHemisphere(半球)getsmorehoursofsunlightthantheSouthernHemisphere.Daysarelongerthannights.Southoftheequatornightsarelongerthandays.FortheothersixmonthstheNorthPoleistiltedawayfromthesun.ThentheSouthernHemispheregetsmoresunlight.Daysarelongerthannight.Northoftheequatornightsarelongerthandays.Winteristheseasonoflongnights.Summeristheseasonoflongdays.
(1)
WhentheWesternHemisphereishavingday,theEasternHemisphereishaving_________.
A.bothdayandnight
B.day
C.neitherdaynornight
D.night
(2)
Aplaceismovedfromdayintonightandfromnightintodayoverandoverby_________oftheearth.
A.thepushing
B.thepulling
C.thespinning
D.thepassing
(3)
Attheequatordayisaslongasnight___________.
A.sometimes
B.never
C.usually
D.always
(4)
WhentheNorthPoleistiltedtowardthesun,theNorthernHemispheregets___________sunlight.
A.less
B.more
C.all
D.no
5.(10分)(2017八下·萧山期末)阅读理解
NoCarDaywasfirststartedby34citiesinFranceonSeptember22,1998.Itwasstartedtoprotecttheenvironment.Bynow,morethan1,000citiesaroundtheworldhavehadaNoCarDay.
ThefirstNoCarDayinChinawasinChengduin2001.Othercities,includingTaipei
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