高一英语暑期系统复习4Astronomy the science of the stars附解析.docx
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高一英语暑期系统复习4Astronomy the science of the stars附解析.docx
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高一英语暑期系统复习4Astronomythescienceofthestars附解析
2019年高一英语暑期系统复习4:
Astronomy-thescienceofthestars(附解析)
各个击破
一、单词拼写
1.The________(大气层)oftheearthisfilledwithcarbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases.
2.Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtowatch________(暴力的)movies.
3.Thefinalcostwouldbeasmuchasone________(十亿)dollars.
4.Thelittleboyisinterestedin________(天文学).
5.Hehad________(使筋疲力尽)himselfcarryingalltheboxesupstairs.
6.Dinosaurshavebeen________(灭绝的)formillionsofyears.
7.It'simportantforeveryonetoapplyt________topractice.
8.Asweallknow,smokingish________topeople'shealth.
9.Wecan'te________withoutfoodorwater.
10.4m________by5is20.
二、语法填空
1.Sheis________(like)hermother;sheistallandhermotherisveryshort.
2.The________expressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasnotabletoworkoutthe________problem.(puzzle)
3.Weshouldtrytopreventtherareanimalsfrom________(hunt).
4.Canada,asacountryofimmigrants(移民),hasadiverserangeof________(religious)andcultures.
5.Insummerthehousewillbetoohotfortheoldman________(live)in.
6.Asisknowntoall,there________(exist)dinosaursontheearthalongtimeago.
7.Ifthereisanythingelsewecandoforyou,makecontactwithus________time.
8.—I'mthinkingoftomorrow'stest.I'mafraidIcan'tpassthistime.
—Cheer________!
I'msureyou'llmakeit.
9.________madetheparentsproudwas________theirsonhadbeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity.
10.Assoonasthefirebroke________,itspreadquickly.
三、单句改错
1.Whatheneedsmostaremoney.
__________________________________________________________________
2.Whatwecanraiseourproductionremainsaproblem.
__________________________________________________________________
3.Iwill,bymyturn,cleantheblackboardnextweek.
__________________________________________________________________
4.Heseemsthathehasworkedinsalesforseveralyears.
__________________________________________________________________
5.Weshouldfindsomewaystopreventtheharmfulgasspreading.
__________________________________________________________________
6.Thefanscheerinwhentheysawthefamousfilmstarcomingalong.
__________________________________________________________________
7.Measuresshouldbetakentostoptheriverfrombeingpolluting.
__________________________________________________________________
8.Shegavebirthacutebabyyesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
精益求精
一、阅读理解
EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.
However,HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(椭圆).
NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.
ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.
Itwasanastonishingidea!
Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeapredictionofwhatcometwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethasbeencalledHalley'scomet,inhishonor.
1.Halleymadehisdiscovery________.
A.bydoingexperiments
B.bymeansofhisowncarefulobservation
C.byusingtheworkofotherscientists
D.bychance
2.Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear________.
A.1704B.1705C.1706D.1707
3.Thispassageingeneralisabout________.
A.Halleyandotherscientists
B.theorbitofacomet
C.NewtonandHalley
D.Halleyandhisdiscovery
4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A.EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.
B.Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.
C.Newtonwasafamousmathematician.
D.Theorbitofacomethadtheshapeofacircle.
二、完型填空
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainacts__1__ourprotectiveblanketon__2__.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessential__3__plantstomakethefoodwhichwe__4__.Heat,__5__,makesourenvironmenttolerableandsomeultraviolet(紫外线的)rayspenetratethe__6__.Cosmic(宇宙的)raysofvariouskindscome__7__theairfromouterspace,but__8__quantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.__9__menleavetheatmospheretheyare__10__tothisradiation,__11__theirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,__12__preventalotofradiationdamage.Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersin__13__.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredin__14__called“rem(雷姆)”.Weall__15__radiationhereonearthfromthesun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals.The“__16__”doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabouttwomillirems.It__17__accordingtowhereyoulive,andthisisaveryroughestimate.Scientistshavethereasontothink__18__amancan__19__farmoreradiation__20__0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged.Thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.
1.A.forB.withC.onD.as
2.A.starsB.sunC.earthD.space
3.A.withB.fromC.underD.for
4.A.useB.liveC.eatD.get
5.A.againB.alsoC.besidesD.too
6.A.environmentB.spaceC.atmosphereD.earth
7.A.acrossB.toC.fromD.through
8.A.validB.enormousC.variousD.proper
9.A.AssoonasB.AswellasC.AsmuchasD.Aspossibleas
10.A.shownB.exposedC.facedD.covered
11.A.butB.becauseC.soD.sothat
12.A.getB.makeC.haveD.do
13.A.MarsB.atmosphereC.spaceD.planet
14.A.piecesB.unitsC.partsD.systems
15.A.receiveB.acceptC.bringD.catch
16.A.conventionalB.commonC.generalD.normal
17.A.puzzlesB.floatsC.combinesD.changes
18.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.why
19.A.putupwithB.keepupwithC.comeupwithD.catchupwith
20.A.fromB.thanC.asD.away
各个击破
一、单词拼写
1.atmosphere2.violent3.billion4.astronomy5.exhausted
6.extinct7.theory8.harmful9.exist10.multiplied
二、语法填空
1.unlike2.puzzled;puzzling3.beinghunted4.religions5.tolive
6.existed7.in8.up9.What;that10.out
三、单句改错
1.are→is
2.What→How
3.by→in
4.He→It
5.spreading前面加from
6.in改成up
7.polluting→polluted
8.birth后加to
精益求精
一、阅读理解
【答案】
【解析】1-4CBDC
1.细节理解题。
由文章第一段第二句及第三段第二、三、四句“Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.”可知应选C。
2.细节理解题。
由第五段第三、四句“Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.”可知,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证,由此可以计算出哈雷得出这个预言的时间是1705年。
3.主旨大意题。
文章的中心大意就是哈雷以及他的发现。
4.推理判断题。
从文章首句可知A项错误;从第1题的分析中可知B项也错误;牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的,可排除D。
二、完型填空
【答案】1-5DCDCD6-10CDBAB11-15ADCBA16-20DDCAB
【解析】
1.actas“充当,起……作用”。
句意:
大气层再次对我们起到防护的作用。
2.由上题可知,大气层起到防护的作用,保护的应该是地球。
故选C项。
3.beessentialfor“对……来说是首要的/基础的”,为固定搭配。
4.由常识可知,植物依靠阳光来生长出我们吃的食物,故选C项。
5.also一般紧跟动词;besides一般用在句首;too可用在句中,用逗号隔开。
此处指热量也使得我们的生活环境温度适宜。
6.由第1空所在的句子可知,地球周围有大气防护层,因此推知这里紫外线穿透大气层。
故选C。
7.这里的comethrough相当于penetrate“穿透”。
comeacross“偶遇”;cometo“来到”;comefrom“来自”。
句意:
各类来自外太空的宇宙射线穿透大气层。
故选through。
8.由空格前but表转折和句末的“arescreenedoff(被隔开)”可判断此处表述大量的来自太阳的辐射被隔离掉了。
valid“有效的”;various“各种各样的”;proper“合适的”。
enormous“大量的”符合文意。
9.assoonas“一……就……”。
此处表述人一离开大气层就会接触到射线。
故选A项。
10.beexposedto“暴露于”,符合语意。
11.本句前半句的意思:
人一离开大气层就会接触到射线;后半句的意思:
他们的太空服和太空船的外壁会阻止射线造成的损害。
前后应该是转折关系,故用but。
12.“do+动词原形”结构强调谓语动词。
13.由Radiation和explorers可推测,应选space(太空)。
句意:
射线是探险者在太空中所知的最大危险。
14.此处表述射线的剂量可用“雷姆”这个测量单位来测量,故选B项。
15.由第16空所在句子中的“radiationthatwereceiveeachyear”可知,此处表示受到辐射,故选A项。
16.此处表述我们每年接受的正常辐射量大约为2毫雷姆。
故选normal。
17.由句意“所处地点不同,所能承受的正常的辐射量也不一样”可确定答案为D项。
18.本句应填入引导宾语从句的连接词,而从句不缺少成分和语意,故选择that。
19.此处表述人类可承受的辐射量。
putupwith“忍受”,符合语境。
20.由前面的“more”和后一句中的“Thefigureof60rems”可知,应选than,表示“远超0.1雷姆的辐射量”。
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