中西方日常交际中的文化差异一稿.docx
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中西方日常交际中的文化差异一稿.docx
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中西方日常交际中的文化差异一稿
中西方日常交际中的文化差异
THECULTURALDIFFERENCES
BETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERN
DAILYCOMMUNICATION
:
二零一一年十一月
Abstract
$
Witheconomicglobalization,theglobalizationofinformationera,ChinaandtheWestexchangesandcooperationbetweenthecountriesaregettingcloser.Yet,duetothelackofculturebackgroundofwesterncountries,thereexistssomebarriersandmisunderstandingsduringthecommunicationbetweenChineseandwesternpeople.Thisarticlefocusesontheeverydaycommunicationeasymisunderstandingofculturaldifferencesintheanalysisandcomparison.
KeyWords:
dailycommunication,culturaldifference,greeting,praiseandcompliments
Contents
PartⅠDifferencesintermsofcall…………………………………………3
{
PartⅡHellodifferencesinterms……………………………………………4
PartⅢDifferencesintermsoffarewell……………………………………5
PartⅣDifferencesinpraiseandcomplimentsandtheresponse………6
PartⅤDifferencesintablemanners………………………………………8
Seatingarrangement………………………………………………………9
Servingorder………………………………………………………………10
Tableware…………………………………………………………………11
Stopcookingmethod……………………………………………………12PartVITopicselectionanddifferencesinprivacy……………………………14
:
References………………………………………………………………………15
PartⅠDifferencesintermsofcall
Helloisthedailylifeofmostordinarythings,butthatitisquitecommonforthingscanreflectintheWesternculturaldifferences.InChina,peopletouchingfaceeachotherandasked:
"haveyouhaddinneryet""wheretogo""noworktoday"ThisistheChinesemostfamiliaristhemostcommonwayofgreeting,butifyoutakethesewordsandWesternersgreet,foreignersmustbesurprised,orevenmisleading.Forexample,Chinesefriendaskedaforeignfriend:
HaveyouhadyourmealItwasjustaskingpleasantries,Westernersthinkyouasktoinvitehimfordinner!
Whilehewaitsforyouinvitedhim,butyoutalkaboutsomethingelse,whichoftenmakeeachotherberatherbaffling.Theythink:
don'taskmeouttodinner,whyaskIhadyourmealForexample:
youaskforeignfriends:
whereareyougoingThisisacaringgreeting,butWesternersmisunderstandingandresentment,thinkyoutointerfereinothers'affairs.Inwesterncountriespeoplenotfamiliarwiththemeetingsayhello,justsay:
Hi,HelloorGoodmorningcanbe;firstmetwithHowdoyoudohelloAnddonotsayhowyouareIfmetfamiliarfriend,cantalkabouttheweather,trafficetc.,butdonottalkaboutpersonalthings.
PartⅡHellodifferencesinterms
WhetherinChinaorabroad,toseefriendsoracquaintancessayhello,isacommoncourtesybehavior.Chinesepeopleliketousewhentheymeet,"youeatit"Comeandgreeteachother,butthegreetingphraseactuallyhaslostitsliteralmeaning,nottoaskforinformation,butratherawayofgreeting.Therefore,theansweris"eating"or"noteat"areirrelevant.However,ifdirectlytranslatedintoEnglishliterally"Haveyouhadyourdinner"TogreettheWest,accordingtotheirculturalpractices,meanstoinviteeachothertodinner;ifyouaskmenandwomenaresaidtobedatingeachotherorthedesiretomakefriends.AnothercommonlyusedinChineselanguagegreetingis"Whereareyougoing”ThissentenceishelloinChinese,ratherthanaskingpeoplereallywanttoknowwheretogo.So,anyotherpartycangiveananswer,alsonotfeelembarrassed.However,thesamewayWesternersgreet"Whereareyougoing","Wherehaveyoubeen"Westernersoftenunderstoodasamessageaskingthequestions,makethemfeelembarrassed,evenangrytheywillfeelthespeakerinterferewiththeirprivateaffairs.Althoughtheydonotsaylips,andmyheartmaythink:
"WhydoyouaskthesequestionsIt'snoneofyourbusiness."PerhapsmoreattentiontohighBritishandAmericanpeopleforreasonsofefficiency,notbetweenpeopleastheChineseenthusiasm,thesameintheabovecase,thecommongreetingphraseisgenerallyrelativelysimple,suchas"Hi","Hello","Howareyou"or"Goodmorning!
","Goodafternoon!
","Goodevening!
"
Andsoon.
PartⅢDifferencesintermsoffarewell
。
AccordingtoChinesecustom,theguestsleave,theownerofthegueststothedoor,theguestsoftheownersaid,"Pleasestay",thelastdirectortosay"go","walking"kindofcourtesy.IftheAmericanpeoplewehaveinaccordancewiththeChinesepeopleusedtosay"goslowly","walkslowly"theywillfeelangry,"whyshouldIgoslowlyIamstrongenough!
"Britain'setiquetteistotellthegueststothedoor"Bye,dropinagain."Kindofthing,theguestswillanswer"yes,Iwill."Or"ok,bye."Or"seeyou"andsoon.AlsosaygoodbyetotheChinesepeopleisgenerallyverysimply,isoftenthefirstlookatthewatch,andthenstandupandsaysomething"Iamleavingnow."Anglo-Americancountriesinthiswaywillmakepeoplefeelveryabrupt,surprised.Generallyinaccordancewiththeirhabits,usuallysaidtobetenminutesaheadofhisintentiontoleave.AChinesestudenttotheteachertheretoaskquestionsoftheUnitedStates,Americanteachersreceivedhimwarmly,butalsopatientlyansweredallthequestionsofstudents.Leave,thestudentsaid:
Iamsorrytohavewastedalotofyoutime,Iamleaving.“Thesyntaxofthesetwowordscompletelycorrect,theU.S.hascausedtheteacher'shardtounderstand,hedoesnotunderstandwhyheansweredthequestionandthestudentidentifiedasawasteoftime,dothestudentsthinkthatheactuallyspenttimenoharvestAccordingtoWesterncustom,onsuchoccasionstoleave,firsttothankeachother'shelp,andthensaidgoodbye,andoftentofindanexcuse,itcanbesaid:
"Thanksalotforyourhelp.IamafraidImustbeleavingnow.
PartⅣDifferencesinpraiseandcomplimentsandtheresponse
"TheAmericanpeople'smodeofthinkingislinear,likedirectexpression;Therefore,whencommunicationwiththeChinesepeople,foreignersareoftensurprisedtofindthat,whentheypraiseorcompliments,whentheChinesepeople,Chinesepeoplealwaysknowwhattodo,toohumbleordemeanthemselves,evenrepeatedlydenied,andnotasfranklyasforeignlanguagegratitude.Whensomeonepraisedyousay:
"That'sabeautifuldressyouhaveon!
"ModestyoftheChinesepeopleislikelytosay:
"No,no,it'sjustaveryordinarydress."Or“No.InfactI'vewornitforseveralyears.“AChinesemantookhiswifetoanAmericanfriend'shousedining;meeting,Americanfriendswhopraisedhiswifesaid"Yourwifeisverybeautiful!
"TheChinesepeoplewasverypleased,buthismouthsaid"Where,where."TheAmericanssurprisedamoment,hesitatedamomentandsaid"Eyes,nose,mouth⋯⋯."AccordingtoBritishandAmericanpeople'shabits,whentheypraiseothers,peoplealwayswanttothankorstraightforwardmanneracceptableanswer,donotwanttheothertohumble,politewaytoanswer.Similarly,whenWesternerspraiseandcongratulationsbyothers,theyoftenopenlyacceptedthepraiseandcomplimentswillcomerighttosay:
"Thankyou!
"Thattheythinktheothersideofthepraiseissincere;thecommendablethingistobecommended.
PartⅤDifferencesintablemanners
Seatingarrangement
)
IntablemannersinChina:
firstcalltheguestsseatedontheseats,andthenpleaseordertheelderlyseatednexttoseatedguests.Whenenteringfromtheleftsideofthechairseat,seatpostdoesnotmoveChopsticks,nottosoundtocomeup,getupanddonotmovearound.Ifthere'sanythingtothemastergreet.Guestsshouldbeinvitedtositdowntowaitfortheowner,theownermustbecarefulnottocalltheguestssitinaseatneartheserving,thisisataboo.Ifsittingroundthetable,facingthedooristhemainseat.Highergradehotels,willbedistinguishedwithanapkin,napkins,notjustthetallestpositiontosit,unlessyouintendtobettertreat.ThemorepopularChinesefoodfeastofmodernetiquetteistocontinuethetraditionalritualwithreferencetoforeigncountriesonthebasisofevolved.ThebanquetseatingtotherightbytheWestasthelaw,thefirstguestofhonorsatintheownertheright,thesecondguestofhonorguestofhonoratthefirsthostontheleftorrightsideofthedoortofacethemaster,ofcourse,isgreetederrandsPieriasittingTablemannersintheWest:
thehostessannouncedthatdinnerisready,themanofthehouseinturnwillleadtheguestsseated,whilethehostessiswalkingattheend.Someownerswillbecarefultoplacethenamecardsonthetabletoshowseating,ifnotthisarrangement,thentheprincipleisgenerallyseatingarrangements:
separateseatingarrangementsformenandwomensittingontheprinciple,priorityseatingmalesubjectandobject,itslocationinthehostesstheright,whilethefemalesubjectandobjectinthemalesubjectandobjectontheright,theothercoupleseateddiagonallyplaces.MenandwomenshowedacouplesitintheopenandlivelyAmericanbanquethopethatwithafeastontheseatingarrangementstoenhanceeachother'sfamiliar,butalsocandinetopicdiversification,atmosphereandmusic.
Servingorder
Wayservingthewholeofthefollowing:
First,thesidedishmarketself-createdbythepeople;secondisholdingadinnerplatebythewaiterpointstoeachtoeach;thirdisinfullbloomwithsmalldishes,eachA.Inaformalbanquet,eatdishesliketheslideshow,eachdish.SohowdoyoucallitamealofChinesefoodBecalledacoldtostimulatetheappetite,thencalledapotofsoup,hotsoupwillhelpincreasethebodytemperaturebegantodrinkhotsoupaftertastingmaincourse,usuallycalledthemaincourseaccordingtotheirowntastes,butitisnecessaryiscalledaplatefullofspicydishes,wasconsideredappropriateforthemealofChinesefood,tospicyricedisheswithlight,sospicyandmilddishes,ricelightandfragrant;The
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