四级真题仔细阅读部分真题+翻译+解析之欧阳语创编.docx
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四级真题仔细阅读部分真题+翻译+解析之欧阳语创编.docx
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四级真题仔细阅读部分真题+翻译+解析之欧阳语创编
2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分
时间:
2021.03.01
创作:
欧阳语
PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Walking,ifyoudoitvigorouslyenough,istheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe47riskofinjury.Thehumanbodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget48benefitfromwalking,aimfor45minutesaday,anaverageoffivedaysaweek.
Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant49ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildand50boneandmusclemass,bothofwhichshrinkwithage.Ingeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek,51recoverydaysbetweensessions.
Finally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomplaintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare53,andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjointslubricated(润滑).Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you’llgetanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple:
wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.
A)allowingF)helpingK)prevent
B)avoidableG)increasinglyL)principle
C)brieflyH)lowestM)provoke
D)componentI)maintainN)seriously
E)determinedJ)maximumO)topic
SectionB
Directions:
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.
Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:
Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?
“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖症)assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,”notethetworesearchers.
“Incontrast,”theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”
Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:
Densityrestrictions:
licensestosellalcoholaren’thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted(分配)basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.
Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?
Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?
Displayandsalesrestrictions:
Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey’reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.
57.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?
A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.
B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.
C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.
D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.
58.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?
A)Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.
B)Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.
C)Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.
D)Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.
59.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?
A)Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.
B)Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.
C)Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.
D)Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.
60.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?
A)Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.
B)Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.
C)Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.
D)Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.
61.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?
A)Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.
B)Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.
C)Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.
D)Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.
PassageTwo
Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Kodak’sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy(破产)protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.
AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency(自满),”thatexplanationdoesn’tacknow-ledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm—andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.
Itwasn’tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.
Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.
AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporate(企业的)culturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.
Kodak’sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.
62.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?
A)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.
B)Itisapproachingitsdownfall.
C)Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.
D)Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket.
63.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak’sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?
A)Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.
B)Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.
C)Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.
D)ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan’sFujiphoto.
64.Whydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarkets?
A)Theyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassets.
B)Theytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallenges.
C)Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.
D)Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.
65.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodak’shistoryhasbecome?
A)Aburden.
B)Amirror.
C)Ajoke.
D)Achallenge.
66.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake?
A)Itsblindfaithintraditionalphotography.
B)ItsfailuretoseeFujiphoto’semergence.
C)Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.
D)Itsoverconfidenceinitscorporateculture.
PassageOne
到处都是垃圾食品。
我们吃下的垃圾食品实在是太多了。
我们中的大多数人虽然意识到了这个问题但还是照吃不误。
为此兰德公司的两位研究人员提出了一个建议:
为什么不学学控制酒精饮料的政策并把它们用在食品的销售地点和陈列方式上呢?
两位研究者表示:
“很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都假设人们是有意识、有理性地选择他们吃什么、吃多少。
因此,这些政策措施的焦点是向人们提供信息和更容易得到的健康食品。
”
两位研究者还说:
“相比之下,很多措施假设人们的选择是非理性的,这些措施被成功地运用在控制酒精饮料上。
而酒精饮料这种东西和食品一样,如果无度摄取就会导致严重的健康问题。
”
这一研究参考了对人们对待食品和酒精饮料的表现的研究和限制酒精饮料的效果,然后列出了研究者们认为用在垃圾食品上可能会有效果的五条措施。
这些措施如下:
密度限制:
卖酒执照的发放不是毫无计划、来者有份的,而是根据一个地区已经存在的卖酒地点的数量进行分配。
这样就使酒精饮料不那么容易得到,而且减少了对喝酒的心理暗示。
研究者认为,与之类似,面对垃圾食品刺激了我们想吃它的欲望。
所以,为什么不限制食品销售点的密度呢,尤其是那些卖高热量低营养食品的销售点?
还有,为什么不限制主营业务不是食品的商店的食品销售呢?
陈列和销售限制:
加利福尼亚有一项法规禁止在加油站的收银机附近陈列酒精饮料,而且在大部分地区,你都不能从免下
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