电子商务与国际贸易发展文献综述及外文文献资料.docx
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电子商务与国际贸易发展文献综述及外文文献资料.docx
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电子商务与国际贸易发展文献综述及外文文献资料
本份文档包含:
关于该选题的外文文献、文献综述
一、外文文献
文献信息
标题:
E-CommerceinIndia
作者:
Saini,Babita
期刊:
TheInternationalJournalofBusiness&Management
卷:
2;;期:
2;页:
1-5;年份:
2014
E-CommerceinIndia
Abstract
E-commercestandsforelectroniccommerceandpertainstotradingingoodsandservicesthroughtheelectronicmedium.B2B,B2C,C2Candsimilaropportunityhelpconsumerpreferencesandconsumermarketsdevelopingelectronic-infrastructureforchallengesofthefuture.E-commercehasrevolutionizedbusiness,changingtheshapeofcompetitionwithinternet(TheNET),thecomputercommunicationnetworkcreatingae-commercemarketplaceforconsumersandbusiness.Electroniccommerceorbusinessismorethanjustanotherwaytosustainorenhanceexistingbusinesspractices.Rather,e-commerceisaparadigmshift.Itisa"disruptive"innovationthatisradicallychangingthetraditionalwayofdoingbusiness.Ecommerceisshowingtremendousbusinessgrowthinourcountry.Increasinginternetusershaveaddedtoitsgrowth.ThepresentstudyhasbeenundertakentodescribethepresentstatusandfacilitatorsofE-CommerceinIndia.AndtoanalyzethepresenttrendsofE-CommerceinIndiaandexaminethebarriersofE-CommerceinIndia.Thispaperexaminesdifferentopportunitiesofe-commerceviz.,E-business,E-learning,Itraiseskeychallengesthatarebeingfacedbyconsumersrelatingtoe-commerce.Now-a-days,thepracticeofE-Commercehasbeendramaticallychanged,particularlyinlastfiveyears.Therefore,E-Commerceformofmarketingisaprocessoramoderntechniqueusedbybusinessfirms,companies,andindustriesfordoingtheirbusinessworkthroughthee-netsystem.
Keywords:
ElectronicCommerce,E-net,E-business
1.Introduction
E-Commercestandsforelectroniccommerce.Itmeansdealingingoodsandservicesthroughtheelectronicmediaandinternet.Ontheinternet,itrelatestoawebsiteofthevendor,whosellsproductsorservicesdirectlytothecustomerfromtheportalusingadigitalshoppingcartordigitalshoppingbasketsystemandallowspaymentthroughcreditcard,debitcardorEFT(Electronicfundtransfer)payments.E-commerceorE-businessinvolvescarryingonabusinesswiththehelpoftheinternetandbyusingtheinformationtechnologylikeElectronicDataInterchange(EDI).Moresimplyput,E-CommerceisthemovementofbusinessontotheWorldWideWeb.E-Commercehasalmostovernightbecomethedominantonlineactivity.ThereisnosingledefinitionofE-Commerce,itmeansonlycommercialactivitywhichisperformedorlinkedtoorsupportedbyElectronicCommunication.Theeffectsofe-commercearealreadyappearinginallareasofbusiness,fromcustomerservicetonewproductdesign.
2.WhatIsE-Commerce?
Electroniccommerceore-commercereferstoawiderangeofonlinebusinessactivitiesforproductsandservices.Italsopertainsto"anyformofbusinesstransactioninwhichthepartiesinteractelectronicallyratherbyphysicalexchangesordirectphysicalcontact.E-commerceisusuallyassociatedwithbuyingandsellingovertheInternet,orconductinganytransactioninvolvingthetransferofownershiporrightstousegoodsorservicesthroughacomputer-mediatednetwork.
3.TheobjectivesoftheStudy
Theobjectivesofthepresentstudyare:
*TodescribethepresentstatusandfacilitatorsofE-CommerceinIndia;
*ToanalysethepresenttrendsofE-CommerceinIndia;
*ToexaminethebarriersofE-CommerceinIndia.
4.ReasonsBehindtheGrowthofE-Commerce
*BusyLifestyle
Thelifestyleofpeopleissobusythattheyareunabletogotothecrowdedmarketseverytimeforshopping.Thecustomersprefertoshopinarelaxedenvironmentattheirownconvenience.
*HighDisposableIncome
Withgrowingjobopportunitiestheincomesourceshavealsoincreased.Becauseofhighspendingpower,customersarewillinglyabletopayfortheproductsonline.
*AwarenessofProducts
Peoplearemuchmoreawarenowadaysregardingtheproductsavailableinthemarkets.Theyarequiteawareaboutnewproducts,productfeatures,availability,priceetc.throughthehelpofmedialiketelevision,radio,newspaperetc.Becauseofthesereasonstheyfeelconfidentwhileshoppingonline.
*RisingComputerEducationalLevel
DuetotheeffortsofGovernmentandPrivateEducationalInstitutionsinIndia,computereducationisgettingnewhorizons.Peoplearemuchmoreawareregardingthetoolsandtechniquesofcomputers.Notonlystudentsofurbanareas,studentsofruralareas,housewivesandbusinesspersonsarealsoattractedtowardstheadvancetechnologiesofcomputerlikee-commerceande-business.Withthedevelopmentofeducationalstandardsthereisautomaticallyagreatdemandtobuyandusenewproducts.
*IncreasedUsageofInternet-With
morethan100millionInternetusers,thecountryisbeginningtoachieveacriticalmassofuserswhoarefamiliarwithweservices.Inaddition,overthepastfewyears,relativelysophisticatedonlinetravellaments("OTAs"),suchasMakeMyTrip-whichstartedturningtheseinitialWeb
usersintoWebconsumers-havedominatedIndiane-commerce.SavesMoney-Oneanotherreasonforadaptinge-Commerceandonlineshoppingtechnologyisthattheunwantedexpenditureofpetrol,parkingandtolletc.isconsiderablyreduced.
*EasytoFindtheReviewofProducts-
Itisquiteeasytofindthereviewofproductsbythehelpofonlineshopping.E-commercehasmadeitsimplertogetinformationregardingtheproductandthecustomerscanpurchasetheproductsaftergettingreviewsandfeedbackoftheproduct.
5.ImportanceandUsesofE.Commerce
*ExploitationofNewBusiness
Broadlyspeaking,electroniccommerceemphasizesthegenerationandexploitationofnew.businessopportunitiesandtousepopularphrases:
"generatebusinessvalue"or"domorewithless".
*EnablingtheCustomers
ElectronicCommerceisenablingthecustomertohaveanincreasingsayinwhatproductsaremade,howproductsaremadeandhowservicesaredelivered(movementfromasloworderfulfillmentprocesswithlittleunderstandingofwhatistakingplaceinsidethefirm,toafasterandrt1oreopenprocesswithcustomershavinggreatercontrol.
*ImprovementofBusinessTransaction
ElectronicCommerceendeavorstoimprovetheexecutionofbusinesstransactionovervariousnetworks.
*EffectivePerformance
Itleadstomoreeffectiveperformancei.e.betterquality,greatercustomersatisfactionandbettercorporatedecisionmaking.
*GreaterEconomicEfficiency
Wemayachievegreatereconomicefficiency(lowercost)andmorerapidexchange(highspeed,accelerated,orreal-timeinteraction)withthehelpofelectroniccommerce.
*ExecutionofInformation
Itenablestheexecutionofinformation-ladentransactionsbetweentwooremorepartiesusinginterconnectednetworks.Thesenetworkscanbeacombinationof"plainoldtelephonesystem'(POTS),CableTV,leasedlinesandwireless.Informationbasedtransactionsarecreatingnewwaysofdoingbusinessandevennewtypesofbusiness.
*IncorporatingTransaction
ElectronicCommercealsoincol1'oratestransactionmanagement,whichorganizes,routes,processesandtrackstransactions.Italsoincludesconsumersmakingelectronicpaymentsandfundstransfers
*IncreasingofRevenue
Thefirmusestechnologytoeitherloweroperatingcostsorincreaserevenue.ElectronicCommercehasthePotentialtoincreaserevenuebycreatingnewmarketsforoldproducts,creatingnewinformation-basedproducts,andestablishingnewservicedeliverychannelstobetterserveandinteractwithcustomers.Thetransactionmanagementaspectofelectroniccommercecanalsoenablefirmstoreduceoperatingcostsbyenablingbettercoordinationinthesales,productionanddistributionprocessesandtoconsolidateoperationsaridreduceoverhead.
*ReductionofFriction,Electronic
Commerceresearchanditsassociatedimplementationsistoreducethe"friction"inonlinetransactionsfrictionsisoftendescribedineconomicsasatransactioncost.Itcanarisefrominefficientmarketstructuresandinefficientcombinationsofthetechnologicalactivitiesrequiredtomakeatransaction.Ultimately,thereductionoffrictioninonlinecommercewillenablesmoothertransactionbetweenbuyers,intermediariesandsellers.
*FacilitatingofNetworkForm
ElectronicCommerceisalsoimpactingbusiness.tobusinessinteractions.Itfacilitatesthenetworkformoforganizationwheresmall,flexiblefirmsrelyonanotherpartner,companiesforcomponentsuppliesandproductdistributiontomeetchangingcustomerdemandmoreeffectively.Hence,anendtoendrelationshipmanagementsolutionisadesirablegoalthatisneededtomanagethechainofnetworkslinkingcustomers,workers,suppliers,distributorsandevencompetitors.Themanagementof"onlinetransactions"inthesupplychainassumesacentralroll.
*FacilitatingforOrganizationalModel
Itisfacilitatinganorganizationalmodelthatisfundamentallydifferentfromthepast.Itisacontrolorganizationtotheinformationbasedorganization.Theemergingformsoftechno-organizationalstructureinvolvechangesinmanagerialresponsibilities,communicationandinformationflowsandworkgroupstructures.
6.OpportunitiesforE-Commerce
YoungJunChoi1,ChungSukSuh(2005)reportedthatthedevelopmentoftheinternetinthe20thcenturyledtothebirthofanelectronicmarketplaceoritiscallede-marketplace,whichisnowakernelofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce).Ane-marketplaceprovidesavirtualspacewheresellersandbuyerstradewitheachotherasinthetraditionalmarketplace.Variouskindsofeconomictransactionsandbuyingandsellingofgoo
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