hua123.docx
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hua123.docx
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hua123
1TheseinnocentandchildlikefanciesarethekernelofthemodernYoung-Hegelianphilosophy,whichnotonlyisreceivedbytheGermanpublicwithhorrorandawe,butisannouncedbyourphilosophicheroeswiththesolemnconsciousnessofitscataclysmicdangerousnessandcriminalruthlessness.
2Thefirstvolumeofthepresentpublicationhastheaimofuncloakingthesesheep,whotakethemselvesandaretakenforwolves;ofshowinghowtheirbleatingmerelyimitatesinaphilosophicformtheconceptionsoftheGermanmiddleclass;howtheboastingofthesephilosophiccommentatorsonlymirrorsthewretchednessoftherealconditionsinGermany.
3Onceuponatimeavaliantfellowhadtheideathatmenweredrownedinwateronlybecausetheywerepossessedwiththeideaofgravity.Iftheyweretoknockthisnotionoutoftheirheads,saybystatingittobeasuperstition,areligiousconcept,theywouldbesublimelyproofagainstanydangerfromwater.
4Inthegeneralchaosmightyempireshavearisenonlytomeetwithimmediatedoom,heroeshaveemergedmomentarilyonlytobehurledbackintoobscuritybybolderandstrongerrivals.
5ItwasarevolutionbesidewhichtheFrenchRevolutionwaschild’splay,aworldstrugglebesidewhichthestrugglesoftheDiadochi[successorsofAlexandertheGreat]appearinsignificant.
6.Proponentsbelievethatmaypermanentlychangethebaby'sstructure,functioningandmetabolism,settingituptobemorevulnerablethannormaltothedevelopmentinadulthoodofheartdiseaseandrelateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressure,strokeanddiabetes.
7.FewchangesinthedomesticAmericaneconomyinthepostwarperiodappeartometobeassignificantandasinadequatelyrecognized,particularlybynationalpolicymakers,asthosechanges—heavilyinfluencedbytechnology—whichincreasinglybindthedomesticeconomytotherestoftheworld,andmakeitamoreindependentsub-elementofalargerandmorepowerfuleconomicsystem.
8.Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.
9.InacritiquepublishedthisweekinTheLancetmedicaljournal,scientistsconcludethatthereportedlinkbetweenlowbirthweightandhigherbloodpressurelaterinlife,anearlycornerstoneofthetheory,maynotbeasstrongaspreviouslythought.
10Buthefailstonotethedecision'smorefar-reachingimpact:
shortlyafterLoneWolf,thefederalgovernmenttotallyabandonednegotiationandexecutionofformalwrittenagreementswithIndiantribesasaprerequisitefortheimplementationoffederalIndianpolicy.
11Manycommentatorsbelievethatthischangehadalreadyoccurredin1871when--followingadisputebetweentheHouseandtheSenateoverwhichchambershouldenjoyprimacyinIndianaffairs--CongressabolishedthemakingoftreatieswithNativeAmericantribes.
12Butinrealitythefederalgovernmentcontinuedtonegotiateformaltribalagreementspasttheturnofthecentury,treatingthesedocumentsnotastreatieswithsovereignnationsrequiringratificationbytheSenatebutsimplyaslegislationtobepassedbybothhousesofCongress.
13YetdespitetheconsiderableoverlapbetweenWegener’sconceptsandthelaterwidelyembracedplatetectonicstheory,anddespitethefactthatcontinentaldrifttheorypresentedapossiblesolutiontotheproblemoftheoriginofmountainsatatimewhenexistingexplanationswereseriouslyindoubt,initsdayWegener’stheorywasrejectedbythevastmajorityofgeologists.
14Thepaucityofknownextinctionsordisruptionsresultingfromindirectinteractionsmayreflectnottheinfrequencyofsuchmishapsbutratherthefailuretolookforortodetectthem:
mostorganismslikelytobeadverselyaffectedbyindirectinteractionsareoflittleornoknowncommercialvalueandtheeventslinkingabiocontrolagentwithanadverseeffectareoftenunclear.
15Moreover,determiningthepotentialrisksofbiocontrolagentsbeforetheyareusedisdifficult,especiallywhenanonnativeagentisintroduced,because,unlikeachemicalpesticide,abiocontrolagentmayadaptinunpredictableways,sothatitcanfeedonorotherwiseharmnewhosts.
16Attemptstoreducethemeaningoftechnologytocold,hardmetalareboundtofail,formachineryisjustscrapunlessitisorganizedfunctionallyandsupportedbyappropriatesystemsofoperationandmaintenance.
17Theconstructivistsgainacceptancebymisrepresentingtechnologicaldeterminism:
technologicaldeterministsaresupposedtobelieve,forexample,thatmachineryimposesappropriateformsoforderonsociety.
18JonClark’sstudyoftheeffectofthemodernizationofatelephoneexchangeonexchangemaintenanceworkandworkersisasolidcontributiontoadebatethatencompassestwolivelyissuesinthehistoryandsociologyoftechnology:
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