厦门大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

厦门大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

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厦门大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

厦门大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Ⅰ.ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Thereare3readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Computerizeddesign,advancfedmaterialsandnewtechnologiesarebeingusedtoproducemachinesofatypeneverseenbefore.

ItlooksasifitcamestraightfromthesetofStarWars.Ithasfour-wheeldriveandrisesaboverockysurfaces.Itlowersandraisesitsnosewhengoingupanddownhills.Andwhenitcomestoariver,itturnsamphibious:

twohydrojetspoweritalongbyblastingwaterunderitsbody.Thereisroomfortwopassengersandadriver,whositinsideaglassbubbleoperatingelectronic,aircraft-typecontrols.Avehiclesodaringonlandandwaterneedswindscreenwipers--butitdoesn'thaveany.Watermoleculesaredisintegratedonthescreen'ssurfacebyultrasonicsensors.

ThisunusualvehicleistheRacoon.ItisaninventionnotofHollywoodbutofRenault,aratherconservativeFrenchstate-ownedcarmaker,betterknownforitsfamilyhatchbacks.RenaultbuilttheRacoontoexplorenewfreedomsfordesignersandengineerscreatedbyadvancesinmaterialsandmanufacturingprocesses.Renaultisthinkingaboutstartlinglydifferentcars;otherproducershaveradicalnewideasfortrains,boatsandaeroplanes.

Thefirstofthenewfreedomsisindesign.Powerfulcomputer-aideddesign（CAD）systemscanreplacewithaclickofacomputermousehoursoflaboriousworkdoneonthousandsofdrawingboards.Sonewproducts,nomatterhowcomplicated,canbedevelopedmuchfaster.Forthefirsttime,Boeingwillnothavetobuildagiantreplicaofitsnewairliner,the777,tomakesureallthebitsfittogether.ItsCADsys-temwilltakecareofthat.

ButRenaultistakingCADfurther.ItclaimstheRacoonistheworld'sfirstvehicletobedesignedwithinthedigitizedworldofvirtualreality.Complexprogramswereusedtoimitatethevehicleandthelandthatitwasexpectedtocross.ThisallowedateamledbyPatrickLeQucment,Renault'sindustrial-designdirector,to"drive"itlongbeforeaprototypeexisted.

Renaultisnotaloneinthinkingthatvirtualrealitywilltransformautomotivede-sign.InDetroit,Fordisalsoinvestigatingitspotential.JackTelnac,thefirm'sbeadofdesign,wouldlikedesignersindifferentpartsoftheworldtoworkmorecloselytogether,linkedbycomputers.Theywoulddomorethanstylecares.Virtualrealitywillallowengineerstopeerinsidetheworkingpartsofavehicle.Designerswillwatchbearingsmove,oilflow,gearsmeshandhydraulicspump.Asthesetechniquescatchon,evenstrangervehiclesarelikelytocomealong.

Transformingthesecreationsfromvirtualrealitytoactualrealitywillalsobecomeeasier,especiallywithadvancesinmaterials.Firmsthatoncebashedeverythingoutofsteelnowfindthatnewalloysofcompositematerials（whichcanbemadefrommixturesofplastic,resin,ceramicsandmetals,reinforcedwithfiberssuchasglassofcarbon）arechangingtherulesofmanufacturing.Atthesametime,oldmaterialskeepgettingbetter,astheirproducerstrytosecuretheirplaceinthefactoryofthefuture.Thiscompetitionisincreasingthepaceofdevelopmentofallmaterials.

Withcomposites,itispossibletobuildmanydifferentpartsintoasinglecomponent.Fiat,Italy'sbiggestcarmakerhasworkedoutthatitcouldreducethenumberofcomponentsneededinoneofitscarbodiesfrom150to16byusingacompositeshellratherthanonemadeofsteel.Aircraftandcarsmayincreasinglybeassembledasiftheywereplastickits.

1.HowdoestheRacooncrosswater?

A.Itswims,B.Itraisesitsnose.

C.Ituseshydrojets.D.Itusesitsfour-wheeldrive.

2.WhatisRenaultmostfamousfor?

A.Starlinglydifferentcars.B.Fancilycars.

C.Advancesindesign.D.Boatandtraindesign.

3.WhywillBoeingnotneedareplicaofthe777?

A.Itcanusecomputerstocheckthedesign.

B.Italreadyhasenoughexperiencewithplans.

C.Itwillnotneedtoupgradethereplicaofthepreviousmodel.

D.Itcanmakesureallthebitsfittogether.

4.HowdidRenaulttestdrivetheRacoon?

A.Overrockyland.B.Inactualreality.

C.OverFrenchcountryroads.D.Invirtualreality.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaningredientofcomposite?

A.Plastic.B.Resin.C.Glass.D.Steel.

Wouldyoustooptopickupafoundpenny?

Ifyoubelieveinthevalueofmoneyorthepossibilityofluck,youwould.Unless,ofcourse,you'reateenager.WhenNuveenInvestmentsasked1000kidsage12to17tonamethesumtheywouldbothertopickup,58percentsaidadollarormore."Somewon'tgivepocketspacetocoinsevenifthey'realreadyinhand,"saysNealeGodfreyauthorofMoneyDoesn'tGrowonTrees.Manyhighschoolersthrowawaythechanges.Asoneboyexplainedtoher,"whatamIgoingtodowithit?

"

Thecavalierattitudeismakingsomeparentsrethinktheallowancetradition.Theweeklystipendismeanttohelpkidslearnaboutmoney,butsomeexpertssaytoomuchcash--easilyhandedoutintheseflushtimes--andtoofewobligationscanleadtoafiscallyirresponsiblefuture.Manykidshavea"lackofunderstanding（of）howharditistoearnmoney,"saysGodfrey."ThatisnotOK."

Allowances,doneright,areawaytoteachchildrentoplanaheadandchoosewisely,tobalancesavingspendinginvesting,andevenphilanthropy.Doingitrightmeansdecidingaheadoftimehowmuchtogiveandhowoftentogiveit.Anditre-quiresdeterminingwhatthechild'sresponsibilitieswillbe.

"About50percentofchildrenbetween12and18getanallowanceorcashfromtheirparents,"saysasurveyconductedin1997byOhioStateuniversityfortheU.SLaborDepartment.Themedianamounttheygotwasa$50aweek.Nationallyspeaking,about10millionkidsreceiveatotalofaround$1billioneveryweek.

Theproblemwithaparentalopen-walletpolicy,saysGodfrey:

"Ifyou'realwaysgivenmoney,whywouldithaveanyvaluetoyou?

"Earnedmoneyisspentmorewisely,shesays."You'reteachingthemthatthereisnotanentitlementprograminlife.Thewayyougetitisyouearnit."

Godfreythinksanallowanceshouldbechore-based,andshedividesworkintotwocategories:

citizen-of-the-householdchores.andwork-for-paychores."Thepunishmentfornotdoingyourworkfor-paychoresisyoudon'tgetpaid."OtherexpertsincludingJaynePearl,authorofKidsandMoney,believethateveryfamilymemberisentitledtoasmallpieceofthefinancialpieandthatitshouldn'tbetiedtowork.Doingso"complicatesthingsunnecessarilyandimbuesallowancewithpowerstrugglesandcontrolis-sues,"saysPearl."Ithinkofanallowanceaslearningcapital...Theyhavetohavesomemoneytopractisewith."

"Formanykids3isagoodtimetobegingettingallallowance,"expertssay.Thissoundsearly,butit'sthenthatchildrenstartunderstandingthenotionofexchangingcoinsfor,say,candy.Decidinghowmuchtogivecanbetough."Iftheparentscanaffordit,Ihavethempaytheirageperweek,"saysGodfrey."A3-year-oldgets$3."

Soundlikealotforalittleperson?

Godfrey'splantakes10percentoffthetopforcharity.Theremainderisdividedintothirdsandputintojars.Thequick-cashjar"isforinstantgratification".Thisspend--astheychoosemoney--meansthatcandybars,cards,andotherimpulsebuysarenolongerpaidforbyMomandDad,whichcauseskidstocurbmanyimpulses.

Thesecondjarisformedium-termsavings,meanttobespentonmedium-ticketluxurieslikein-lineskatesoraCDplayer.Thefinaljarisinvestedforthelongterm,suchasforcollege.

6.NuveenInvestmentsfoundthat______.

A.manykidsdon'tbothertopickupsmallcoins

B.fewkidswantone-dollarcoins

C.somekidssavecoins

D.nokidswanttopickupcoins

7.Godfreyfeelsthat______.

A.manykidsappreciatedthevalueofcoins

B.manykidsknowhowharditistoearnmoney

C.manykidsdon'tknowthevalueofmoney

D.manykidsshouldbegivenmorepocketmoney

8.Thewriterfeelsthatallowances______.

A.shouldnotbegiventochildren

B.shouldnotbegiventoyoungchildren

C.couldhelpchildrenlearnmanythings

D.spoilolderchildren

9.WhichofthefollowingwouldPearlprobablyagree?

A.Childrenshouldnotbegivenallowances.

B.Childrenshouldreceiveallowancesiftheyhelpwithhousework.

C.Childrenshouldbegivenallowanceswhethertheyhelpwithhousework.

D.Childrenshouldbepaidforsatisfactorilyperformingschoolwork.

10.AccordingtoGodfrey,ifachildhasamonthlyallowanceof$100,howmuchshouldhe/shespendon"impulsebuys"?

A.$10B.$30C.$33.3D.$50

It'sbeenanextraordinarilybadweekforApple,thewell-knownAmericanmanufacturerofcomputersandsoftware.Intheirquarterlyreport,thecompanyannounceda$45millionloseforthethreemonthsendingthisSeptember.Atthesametime,theeconomicsmagazineBusinessWeekstatedthatApplehadoneoftheeightworsthoardsofdirectorsintheUS.Allthewhile,thefirm'schiefexecutive,SteveJobs,wasdrawingthehighestsalaryincorporateAmerica.

Newslikethatbringsouttheexpertswiththeirpredictionsofacollapse--andtheir"evidence"isabundant.Applehasallowedmarketsharecomparedtomostofitscompetitors.In1996,whenGilAmeliowasbroughtinaschiefexecutive,Apple'smarketsharehoveredat7%:

Today,itsmarketshareisbelow3.5%.WithMikeSpindlerandGilAmeliorunningthebusinessthecompanywasplag