Information Systems in BusinessChap001docres.docx
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Information Systems in BusinessChap001docres.docx
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InformationSystemsinBusinessChap001docres
1FoundationsofInformation
SystemsinBusiness
CHAPTEROVERVIEW
Chapter1:
FoundationsofInformationSystemsinBusinesspresentsanoverviewofthefivebasicareasofinformationsystemsknowledgeneededbybusinessprofessionals,includingtheconceptualsystemcomponentsandmajortypesofinformationsystems.Inaddition,trendsininformationsystemsandanoverviewofthemanagerialchallengesassociatedwithinformationsystemsarepresented.
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES
Afterreadingandstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:
1.Understandtheconceptofasystemandhowitrelatestoinformationsystems.
2.Explainwhyknowledgeofinformationsystemsisimportantforbusinessprofessionals,andidentifyfiveareasofinformationsystemsknowledgethattheyneed.
3.Giveexamplestoillustratehowthebusinessapplicationsofinformationsystemscansupportafirm’sbusinessprocesses,managerialdecisionmaking,andstrategiesforcompetitiveadvantage.
4.Provideexamplesofseveralmajortypesofinformationsystemsfromyourexperienceswithbusinessorganizationsintherealworld.
5.Identifyseveralchallengesthatabusinessmanagermightfaceinmanagingthesuccessfulandethicaldevelopmentanduseofinformationtechnologyinabusiness.
6.Provideexamplesofthecomponentsofrealworldinformationsystems.Illustratethat,inaninformationsystem,peopleusehardware,software,data,andnetworksasresourcestoperforminput,processing,output,storage,andcontrolactivitiesthattransformdataresourcesintoinformationproducts.
7.Demonstratefamiliaritywiththemyriadofcareeropportunitiesininformationsystems.
SUMMARY
•ISFrameworkforBusinessProfessionals.TheISknowledgethatabusinessmanagerorprofessionalneedstoknowisillustratedinFigure1.2andcoveredinthischapterandtext.Thisknowledgeincludes
(1)foundationconcepts:
fundamentalbehavioral,technical,business,andmanagerialconceptslikesystemcomponentsandfunctions,orcompetitivestrategies;
(2)informationtechnologies:
concepts,developments,ormanagementissuesregardinghardware,software,datamanagement,networks,andothertechnologies;(3)businessapplications:
majorusesofITforbusinessprocesses,operations,decisionmaking,andstrategic/competitiveadvantage;(4)developmentprocesses:
howendusersandISspecialistsdevelopandimplementbusiness/ITsolutionstoproblemsandopportunitiesarisinginbusiness;and(5)managementchallenges:
howtomanagetheISfunctionandITresourceseffectivelyandethicallytoachievetopperformanceandbusinessvalueinsupportofthebusinessstrategiesoftheenterprise.
•BusinessRolesofInformationSystems.Informationsystemsperformthreevitalrolesinbusinessfirms.BusinessapplicationsofISsupportanorganization’sbusinessprocessesandoperations,businessdecisionmaking,andstrategiccompetitiveadvantage.Majorapplicationcategoriesofinformationsystemsincludeoperationssupportsystems,suchastransactionprocessingsystems,processcontrolsystems,andenterprisecollaborationsystems,andmanagementsupportsystems,suchasmanagementinformationsystems,decisionsupportsystems,andexecutiveinformationsystems.Othermajorcategoriesareexpertsystems,knowledgemanagementsystems,strategicinformationsystems,andfunctionalbusinesssystems.However,intherealworld,mostapplicationcategoriesarecombinedintocross-functionalinformationsystemsthatprovideinformationandsupportfordecisionmakingandalsoperformoperationalinformationprocessingactivities.RefertoFigures1.7,1.9,and1.11forsummariesofthemajorapplicationcategoriesofinformationsystems.
•SystemConcepts.Asystemisagroupofinterrelatedcomponents,withaclearlydefinedboundary,workingtowardtheattainmentofacommongoalbyacceptinginputsandproducingoutputsinanorganizedtransformationprocess.Feedbackisdataabouttheperformanceofasystem.Controlisthecomponentthatmonitorsandevaluatesfeedbackandmakesanynecessaryadjustmentstotheinputandprocessingcomponentstoensurethatproperoutputisproduced.
•InformationSystemModel.Aninformationsystemusestheresourcesofpeople,hardware,software,data,andnetworkstoperforminput,processing,output,storage,andcontrolactivitiesthatconvertdataresourcesintoinformationproducts.Dataarefirstcollectedandconvertedtoaformthatissuitableforprocessing(input).Thenthedataaremanipulatedandconvertedintoinformation(processing),storedforfutureuse(storage),orcommunicatedtotheirultimateuser(output)accordingtocorrectprocessingprocedures(control).
•ISResourcesandProducts.Hardwareresourcesincludemachinesandmediausedininformationprocessing.Softwareresourcesincludecomputerizedinstructions(programs)andinstructionsforpeople(procedures).Peopleresourcesincludeinformationsystemsspecialistsandusers.Dataresourcesincludealphanumeric,text,image,video,audio,andotherformsofdata.Networkresourcesincludecommunicationsmediaandnetworksupport.Informationproductsproducedbyaninformationsystemcantakeavarietyofforms,includingpaperreports,visualdisplays,multimediadocuments,e-messages,graphicsimages,andaudioresponses.
KEYTERMSANDCONCEPTS
1.Computer-BasedInformationSystem(7):
Aninformationsystemthatusescomputerhardwareandsoftwaretoperformitsinformationprocessingactivities.
2.Control(28):
Thesystemscomponentthatevaluatesfeedbacktodeterminewhetherthesystemismovingtowardtheachievementofitsgoalandthenmakesanynecessaryadjustmentstotheinputandprocessingcomponentsofthesystemtoensurethatproperoutputisproduced.
3.Data(33):
Factsorobservationsaboutphysicalphenomenaorbusinesstransactions.Morespecifically,dataareobjectivemeasurementsoftheattributes(characteristics)ofentities,suchaspeople,places,things,andevents.
4.DataorInformationProcessing(33):
Theactofconvertingdataintoinformation.Thisincludesbothinputandprocessingactivities.Processingincludescalculating,comparing,sorting,classifying,andsummarizing.
5.DataResources(32):
Dataisnowthoughtofasavaluablerawmaterialthatshouldbeused,maintained,andsecuredassuch.Dataresourcesincludenotonlystructuredinformationtypicallyfoundindatabases,butalsotheunstructuredinformationfoundine-mailorothercollaborativesystems,audio,andvideo.
6.Developingsuccessfulinformationsystemssolutions(19):
Businessprofessionalsareresponsibleforproposingneworimprovedsystemstosupporttheirbusinessactivitiesaswellasmanagingtheirdevelopment.Usingasystematicdevelopmentprocessincreasesthelikelihoodofasuccessfulproject.
7.E-business(12):
TheuseofInternettechnologiestosupportbusinessprocesses,electroniccommerce,andcollaborationwithinacompanyandwithitscustomers,suppliers,andotherbusinessstakeholders.
8.E-businessapplications(12):
BusinessestodayareusingtheInternet,corporateintranets,andinter-organizationalextranetstosupportbusinessactivitieswithsuppliers,partners,customers,accounting,finance,researchanddevelopment,manufacturing,marketing,sales,andcustomerservice.
9.ElectronicCommerce(13):
Thebuyingandselling,marketingandservicing,anddeliveryandpaymentofproducts,services,andinformationovertheInternet,intranets,extranets,andothernetworks,betweenaninter-networkedenterpriseanditsprospects,customers,suppliers,andotherbusinesspartners.
10.EnterpriseCollaborationSystems(13):
TheuseofgroupwaretoolsandtheInternet,intranets,extranets,andothercomputernetworkstosupportandenhancecommunication,coordination,collaboration,andresourcesharingamongteamsandworkgroups.Thesesystemsallowthecreationof"virtual"teamsofpeoplewhomayworktogetherwithoutevermeetinginperson.
11.Extranet(12):
Anetworkthatlinksselectedresourcesofacompanywithitscustomers,suppliers,andotherbusinesspartners,usingtheInternetorprivatenetworks.
12.Feedback(28):
Dataorinformationconcerningthecomponentsandoperationsofasystem'sperformance.
13.HardwareResources(31):
Allphysicaldevicesandmaterialsusedininformationprocessing.Thisincludesnotonlymachines,butstoragemediasuchasdisks,tape,andpaper.
a.Machines(31);
Consistofallinput,processing,output,networking,andstoragedevicesincludingcomputers,keyboards,printers,monitors,andpointerdevices.
b.Media(31):
Hardwaredesignedtoholddatasuchaspaperforms,magneticdisks,opticaldisks,magnetictape,plasticcards,andmemory"sticks".
14.Information(33):
Datathathavebeenconvertedintoameaningfulandusefulcontextforspecificendusers.
a.Informationproducts(34):
Thedegreetowhichinformationhastheappropriateinformationthatisusefulforusers.Informationproductsincludemessages,reports,forms,andgraphicimages.
15.InformationSystem(4):
Theterminformationsystemdescribesallofthecomponentsandresourcesnecessarytodeliverinformationandfunctionstotheorganization.Theseresourcesincludehardware,software,andpeopletoperforminput,processing,output,storage,andcontrolactivitiesthattransformdataresourcesintoinformationproducts.
16.Informationsystemactivities(33):
Allinformationsystems(manualorautomated)sharethesamecharacteristics.
a.Input(34):
Dataentry.
b.Processing(34):
Datatransformationincludingcalculating,comparing,sorting,classifying,andsummarizing.
c.Output(34):
Informationmadea
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