最新中考初中英语名词讲解与练习.docx
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最新中考初中英语名词讲解与练习.docx
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最新中考初中英语名词讲解与练习
中考初中英语名词讲解与练习
1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。
专有名词:
表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。
(专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
)
LucyChina中国Asia亚洲Beijing北京。
普通名词:
表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
例如:
teacher老师tea茶reform改革
普通名词又可进一步分为四类
1)个体名称:
表示单个的人和事物。
house马car汽车room房间apple苹果fun风扇picture照片
2)集体名称:
表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
people人们family家庭army军队government政府group集团
3)物名质词:
表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
fire火steel钢air空气water水milk牛奶
4)抽象名词:
表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour劳动health健康life生活friendship友情patience耐力
2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词(CountableNouns)有复数形式,如:
anappletwoapplesacarsomecars
不可数名词(UncountableNouns)一般没有复数形式.
抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。
sand沙sugar糖
有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。
glass玻璃glass玻璃杯paper纸paper报纸,文件
3.名词的功能
名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。
Thebagisinthedesk.bag作主语。
书包在桌子里边。
Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.clothes作宾语。
昨天我洗了我的衣服。
Thisisagoodbook.book作表语。
这是一本好书。
Weelectedhimourmonitor.monitor作宾语补助语。
我们选他为我们的班长。
Maryliveswithherparents.parents作介词宾语.
玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。
HeisaPartymember.Party作定语.
他是一名党员。
Theystudyharddayandnight.dayandnight作状语。
他们白天黑夜地学习。
4.可数名词有单数(theSingularNunmber)和复数(thePluralNumber)两种形式。
名词的复数形式(ThePluralFormNouns)的部分规则如下:
1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s.例如:
bags,maps,pens,desks,workers
2)以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es.例如:
buseswatchesboxes
3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s.例如:
licencesblousesoranges
4)以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es.例如:
babiesfamilies
5)名词以-f或-fe结尾的,把-f或-fe变成-ves.bookshelves,wives,knives
注:
英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有,
man-menwoman-womenfoot-feet
tooth-teethmouse-niceox-oxen
sheep-sheepdear-dearfish-fish
英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。
scissors剪刀goods货物trousers裤子clothes衣服glasses玻璃杯
4.名词的所有格(ThePossessiveCaseofNouns)
在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。
它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。
实际上,主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。
Thebirdisinthetree.鸟在树上。
bird作主语,是主格。
Isawafilmyesterday.昨天我看了一场电影。
film作宾语,是宾格。
名词的所有格:
名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。
LuXun'sbookisworthreading.鲁迅的书值得一读。
Thisismyfather'sroom.这是我父亲的房间。
名词所有格的构成
单数名词加's例词:
Mike'sfather
以s结尾的复数名词加'例词:
theteachers'room
不以s结尾的复数名词加's例词:
men'swomen's
课后练习题
1、Nowadayswecanlearnagreatdealof_____abouttheworldthroughtheInternet.
A.informationB.booksC.peopleD.countries
2、-Themanistrainingsomeboystoplaybasketballintheplayground.Ishea______?
-Yes,that’sright.
A.doctorB.policemanC.driverD.coach
3、--Thewallofourbuildingismadeof.
--That’sgood.Sotheroomwillbebright.
A.glassB.steelC.woodD.paper
4、---Passmethe_____onthetable,please.Iwanttoplaypaper-cutting.
A.chopsticksB.silverC.surfaceD.scissors
5、Asweknowthatdogshaveaprettygoodofsmell.
A.senseB.ideaC.feelingD.taste
6、--Howoftendoyoueat_______?
--IguessIeatittwoorthreetimesaweek.
A.junkfoodB.vegetableC.bananaD.hamburger
7、Nextweekisquitefullforme.AndIhavetoseethe_______forteethcleaning.
A.dentistB.reporterC.musicianD.writer
8、WhenIwasyoung,Ialwayslikedtoplayinthe_____nearmyhome.
A.bandB.wonderC.streamD.energy
9、Ihavesomeproblemswithmyhealth.Canyougivemesome_______?
A.adviceB.messagesC.suggestionD.note
10、--Whatfruitwouldyoulike?
--Some,please.Theyaremyfavorite.
A.dessertB.grapesC.juiceD.biscuits
11、WecangetaboutourhomeworkontheInternet.
A.aninformationB.manyinformationC.someinformationsD.someinformation
12、Youcanseesomestudentsreadbooksinourschoolintheafternoon.
A.libraryB.bookcaseC.boxD.schoolbag
13、---WherecanIbuyafootball?
---Maybeyoushouldgotothe____________.
A.clothesshopB.flowershopC.shoeshopD.sportsshop
14、—What'syourfavoritecolor,Linda?
—Ilike________best.Ihavemanythingsofthatcolor.
A.baseballB.geographyC.licenseD.pink
15、Therearetwonearhere.
A.shoeshopB.shoesshopsC.shoeshopsD.shoe’sshop
16、—Whyarethesemobilephonessoldsowellinyourstore,MrWang?
—Becausealmostevery________likestheirstyles.
A.heroB.rulerC.pioneerD.customer
17、—Doctor,doyouthinkIhavegotabadcold?
—Maybe.ButIcan'tsaythatbeforeI______you.
A.createB.warnC.examineD.praise
18、—Isittruethatsomecolorscanmakeusfeelrelaxed?
—Yes.Colorsdohavethe______tochangeourfeelingsandmoods.
A.secretB.powerC.ideaD.experience
19、Inwesterncountries,________arethrownawayeachday.
A.mountainsofrubbishB.mountainsofrubbishesC.alotofrubbishD.alotofrubbishes
20、Look,five_________arefeedingonthehill.
A.sheepsB.sheepC.sheepsD.thesheep
21、–Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?
--_________.
A.Infiveday’stimeB.Infivedays’time
C.InfivedaystimeD.Forfivedays
22、–Which____ofShanghaidoyoucomefrom?
--Letmeshowyouonthemap.
A.cityB.villageC.countryD.part
23、–Whatwouldyoulike,Madam?
–I’dlike________,please.
A.twobottlesoforangeB.twobottlesoforanges
C.twobottleoforangesD.twobottleoforange
24、Several_________aretalkingunderthetree.Andtheir________areswimminginthelake.
A.woman;childrenB.woman;childC.women;childrenD.women;child
25、Ifyouwanttogetthejob,youneedtohavetwoyears'working_______.
A.experienceB.pronunciationC.conversationD.environment
26、—Closeyoureyesandguesswhattheboxismadeof.
—It’ssoheavy.Itmustbemadeof____________.
A.paperB.plasticC.silkD.metal
27、—Whatf
ruitwouldyoulike?
—Some,please.Theyaremyfavorite.
A.dessertB.grapesC.juiceD.biscuits
28、Doyouhaveany________and________forlunch?
A.chicken;tomatoesB.chicken;tomatoC.chickens;tomatoesD.chickens;tomato
29、ifyouneedfurther________aboutourproducts,pleasesurftheInternet.
A.InformationB.experienceC.practiceD.expression
30、Annastudiedd
ayandnightinordertogetgood______onherexams.
A.scoresB.waysC.reasonsD.exercises
31、Jenny,youshouldpreparefortomorrow’s_______.
A.
attentionB.interviewC.directionD.instruction
32、What________willglobalwarmingbringus?
Scientistshavegivenusaclearlist.
A.newsB.dangersC.coursesD.advantages
33、Ifyoucanvaluewhatyouhaveanddosomethingtohelpothers,youwillfindyourlifeisfullof________.
A.friendshipB.pleasureC.sadnessD.trouble
34、Tigersliketoeat________,butkoalasliketoeat________.
A.meat,leafB.meats,leafC.meat,leavesD.meats,leaves
35、—Youwonfirstprizeinthephysicscompetition.
—Areyoukidding?
Imadeseveralterrible______.
A.mistakeB.mistakesC.problemD.problems
36、Daminghascollected5,000_____.
A.busticketsB.busesticketC.busticketD.busestickets
37、Thebroken________maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit.Youshouldbecareful.
A.glassB.glassesC.candleD.candles
38、Thisrestaurantisverypopular,becauseitsChinese_______areverygood.
A.mealsB.picturesC.menusD.seats
39、Thereare_________inourtown.
A.twoJapaneseandfiveAmericanB.twoJapanesesandfiveAmerican
C.twoJapaneseandfiveAmericansD.twoJapanesesandfiveAmericans
40、Ifoundmylostbikebecauseofhisproper___________.
A.decisionB.satisfactionC.surpriseD.joy
参考答案
1、A
2、D
3、A
4、D
5、A
6、A
7、A
8、C
9、A
10、B
11、D
12、A
13、D
14、D
15、C
16、D
17、C
18、B
19、A
20、B
21、B
22、D
23、A
24、C
25、A
26、D
27、B
28、A
29、A
30、A
31、B
32、B
33、B
34、C
35、B
36、A
37、A
38、A
39、C
40、A
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
WhenJanandBrianDutchermovedtoSanDiegoforBrian'snewbasketballcoachingjobattheuniversity,theneighbourssmiledandintroducedthemselves.Buttherewereno"bringaplate"invitations,norecipe(食谱)sharingandnocarpoolingforherdaughtersLiza,12,andErin,15."Thefamiliesreallydidn'tknoweachother,andwemissedthat."saysJan."Wehavemovedalotandarefarfromrelatives.Neighboursareourfamily."
SoJandecidedtorepeataprojectshehaddoneforLiza'sfifth-gradeclass:
askeachpersontopainthisorherfaceonabigcanvas(帆布).ThefinishedpiecewouldbecometheDutchers'newfamilypicture.
First,Janpaintedagrid(网格)onthecanvasandputitLiponaboardinthegarage(车库),nexttoatableofpaints.Thenwhenevershewashome,the"artroom"doorwasup,withanopeninvitationforneighbourstopaintasquare.Thefirsttostopinwerekidsridingbyontheirbikes."Theythoughtitwascool,"saysJan,buttheadultsweren'tsointerestedinit."Mostsaidtheyhadn'tpickedupapaintbrushsinceprimaryschool,"shesays."Theywereafraidthey'dmessitup.Butaswordslowlyspread,theycame,someusingtheirdriver'slicencephotosasmodels.
Thensomethingstartedtohappen.Theycameback-toseewhohadpainted,oriftheycouldfindoutwhowaswho.WhileinJan'sgarage,theybegantochataboutnews,schools,jobsandfamilies.Almostdaily.WendySchucholz,wholivedacrossthestreetandwasfightingaseriousillness,cameinherwheelchairtowatchthefun.Neighboursbegantooffertheirsupport.
WhentheworsthappenedandWendydied,theystoodbyherhusband,Bill,andinvitedhimoverfordinners.
Thisyearhasbeendifferentintheneighbourhood.Familiestaketurnshostinghappyhours.Theysharebirthdaysandswiminoneanother'spools."We'rewatchingovereachothernow,"saysJan."Justlikeinthepainting."
(1)WhentheDutcherfamilylivedinSanDiego,theyfeltabit_____atthebeginning.
A. excited
B. sad
C. interested
D. worried
(2)WheredidJanstartherartproject?
A. Atthesquare.
B. Inthe
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