高考英语阅读理解教育文化练习题及答案及解析.docx
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高考英语阅读理解教育文化练习题及答案及解析.docx
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高考英语阅读理解教育文化练习题及答案及解析
高考英语阅读理解(教育文化)练习题及答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类
1.阅读理解
Theterm"crocodiletears"referstoinsinceresadness.Thistermhasanetymologydatingbackseveralcenturies.Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.
Thetermcrocodiletearsbecamewidelypopularafteritwasdocumentedinafifteenth-centurybooktitledTheVoyageandTravelofSirJohnMandeville,Knight.Apassagefromthebookreads:
"Thesecrocodileskillmenandtheyeatthemweeping."
Asyoumayalreadyknow,crocodilians(鳄目动物)likelyfeelbadaboutlittle—especiallyfeeding.However,theassumptionofthecrocodile-tearsmetaphormaybetrue.Ina2007paperpublishedinBioSciencetitled"CrocodileTears:
Andtheyeatthemweeping",researchersobserved7crocodiliansincagesduringfeedingtimeatareserve(4caimansand3Americanalligators).Theresearchersobservedthecrocodiliansoutsideofwateratfeedingstationstobetterfindoutwhethertearingdeveloped.
Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(发出嘶嘶声)whileiteats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions(鼻泪管分泌物.)
Inhumans,crocodiletearsisamedicalconditionthatcausesapersontotearupwhileeating.Crocodiletearstypicallyoccurbecauseofatemporarylossoffacialcontrolduetodamageofthefacialnerve.Specifically,whenthefacialnervegrowsagain,itdoessoincorrectlythusresultingintearsduringchewingfood.
(1)Theunderlinedword"etymology"inParagraph1refersto________.
A.areferencebookcontainingarticlesonvarioustopics
B.theoriginandhistoryofaparticularterm
C.aprintedsheetofpaperthatarcgivenfreetoadvertise
D.theapplicationandinfluenceofanewtheory
(2)Theterm"crocodiletears"________.
A.isamedicalconditionthatcausesacrocodiletotearup
B.becamewidelypopularasearlyasthefourthcentury
C.referstopretendedsadness
D.provedtobeonlyanassumption
(3)Fromthe2007paperpublishedinBioScience,wecanknowthat________.
A.crocodiliansespeciallyfeelbadaboutfeeding
B.notallthe7crocodiliansdevelopedtearing
C.thecrocodilianswerecarefullyobservedinsidewater
D.crocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhissesafteriteats
(4)Thepassageismainlyabout________.
A.whattherealtruthisaboutcrocodiletears
B.whentheterm"crocodiletears"gotpopularinliterature
C.howresearchersmadetheexperimentoncrocodilians
D.whycrocodiletearstypicallyoccurinhumans
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过引用“鳄鱼的眼泪”这一说法的来源、发展以及相关实验来告诉读者“crocodiletears”的真实含义。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第一段中的“datingbackseveralcenturies”追溯到几个世纪前;以及“Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.”早在公元4世纪,鳄鱼的眼泪在文学作品中的意思是假慈悲,可推知,etymology和一个词条的来源和发展相关。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.”是指假伤心,假慈悲。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.”7只鳄鱼中,有5只在吃食之前,之中和之后流下了眼泪,可知,并非所有的鳄鱼在吃食时都会流泪。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据倒数第二段中的“Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(发出嘶嘶声)whileitcats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions”研究人员发现这些鳄鱼的眼泪是因为它们在进食时发出的嘶嘶声,这种声音迫使空气通过鼻子背后的空间从眼睛出来,在这个过程中带出了鼻内管分泌物,可知,作者通过对“crocodiletears”这一词条的来源、发展以及相关实验来告诉读者有关“crocodiletears”的真实含义。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
TheUSDepartmentofLabourstatistics(统计)showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.
Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:
carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,andTVrepairmen.
Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.
Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌输)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallintoline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments(入学)goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.
Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.
(1)It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat .
A. manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblem
B. white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkers
C. fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefuture
D. thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation
(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?
A. Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.
B. Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.
C. Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.
D. Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.
(3)Bysaying"manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere",theauthormeansthat .
A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollege
B.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollege
C.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyear
D.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed
(4)Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat .
A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollege
B.collegeeducationisabadthing
C.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpay
D.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,通过调查告诉人们要改变传统的观念:
应首先考虑选择技术性的工作——因为它缺乏人才,待遇更高。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.”可推知白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚的钱多,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌输)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.”可知A,B,C三项正确,而D项不是大学入学人数增加的原因,故选D。
(3)考查句义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.”可知作者列举了三种情况,说明有些人不适合大学教育,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知,作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育的人才过多,而技术工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接着又分析了造成这种状况的原因;最后还谈到了很多学生上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业。
所有这些都在暗示人们,上大学的人应该减少,而参加技术工作的人应该增多,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和句义猜测两个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.Torelieve(缓解)stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.Thenyoucaneasilybeatstress.
Talkitout
Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.Yourworrieswillbedivided!
Ifyouareyourownboss,youneedsomegoodadvisersaroundyou,whoknowyourtroubleandtalksense.Ifthereisnosuchpersonsatyourworkplace,lettherebeoneathome,whoisafriend,afamilymemberoraguidethatyoucantalkto.
Letmusiccalmyourmind
Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.
Takeawalk
Ifthereisaparkaround,goandhaveawalkthere.Youcaneatsomesnackssittingonthegrass.Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.Awalkworksasitalsoclearsyourthoughts.
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