动词过去式过去分词的不规则变化.docx
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动词过去式过去分词的不规则变化.docx
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动词过去式过去分词的不规则变化
一、过去式和过去分词相同。
A-B-B型
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
意思
1.bring
2.build
3.burn
4.buy
5.catch
6.dig
7.feel
8.fight
9.find
10.get
11.
17.leave
18.lend
19.lose
20.make
21.mean
22.meet
23.pay
24.say
25.sell
26.send
27.shine
28.sit
brought
built
burnt(burned)
bought
caught
dug
felt
fought
found
got
hung
hanged
had
heard
held
kept
learnt(learned)
left
lent
lost
made
meant
met
paid
said
sold
sent
shone(shined)
sat
brought
built
burnt(burned)
bought
caught
dug
felt
fought
found
got
hung
hanged
had
heard
held
kept
learnt(learned)
left
lent
lost
made
meant
met
paid
said
sold
sent
shone(shined)
sat
带来
建
燃烧
买
抓
挖
感觉
打架
发现
得到
挂(衣)
绞死(上吊)
有
听到
握
保持
学习
离开
借出
丢失
制造
意思是
遇到
付款
说
卖
送
发光
坐
29.sleep
30.smell
31.spend
32.stand
33.sweep
34.teach
35.tell
36.think
37.understand
38.win
slept
smelt(smelled)
spent
stood
swept
taught
told
thought
understood
won
slept
smelt(smelled)
spent
stood
swept
taught
told
thought
understood
won
睡
嗅
花费
站
扫
教
告诉
想
理解
赢
二、动词的过去分词是在动词原形后面加n或en。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
意思
39.beat
40.blow
41.draw
42.drive
43.eat
44.fall
45.give
46.grow
47.know
48.mistake
49.ride
50.rise
51.see
52.show
53.take
54.throw
55.write
beat
blew
drew
drove
ate
fell
gave
grew
knew
mistook
rode
rose
saw
showed
took
threw
wrote
beaten
blown
drawn
driven
eaten
fallen
given
grown
known
mistaken
ridden
risen
seen
shown
taken
thrown
written
打
吹
画画
驾驶
吃
下落
给
生长
知道
弄错
乘、骑
升
看见
出示,表现
拿走
抛、掷
写
三、原形、过去式和过去分词相同。
A-A-A型
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
意思
56.cost
57.cut
58.hit
59.hurt
60.let
61.put
62.read
63.shut
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
shut
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
shut
值(多少)钱
切、割
打
伤害、伤痛
让
放
读
关
四、原形中的i,过去式改为a,过去分词改为u。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
意思
64.begin
65.drink
66.ring
67.sing
68.swim
began
drank
rang
sang
swam
begun
drunk
rung
sung
swum
开始
饮
响
唱
游泳
五、动词的过去分词是在过去式后加n或en。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
意思
69.break
70.choose
71.forget
72.speak
73.wake
broke
chose
forgot
spoke
woke
broken
chosen
forgotten
spoken
woken
打碎
选择
忘记
讲
醒
六、动词原形和过去分词相同。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
意思
74.become
75.come
76.run
became
came
ran
become
come
run
成为
来
跑
七、原形、过去式和过去分词都不同。
A-B-C型
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
意思
77.am,is
78.are
79.do
80.fly
81.go
82.lie
83.wear
was
were
did
flew
went
lay
wore
been
been
done
flown
gone
lain
worn
是
是
做
飞
去
躺
穿
八、没有过去分词的。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
意思
84.can
85.may
86.shall
87.will
could
might
should
would
能
可以
将要
愿、要、将
注意:
1.bring-brought-brought;buy-bought-bought;
fight-fought-fought;think-thought-thought
而:
catch-caught-caught;teach-taught-taught
(如里本身动词中已含有字母a,则变过去式和过去分词时,也就带上a)
2.-ran-run,overcome-overcame-overcome
三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。
如:
1.把单词结尾的字母d改为t。
如:
lend-lent-lent,spend-spent-spent,send-sent-sent
2.改变单词中间元音字母。
如:
sit-sat-sat,win-won-won,shine-shone-shone,-learnt-learnt,leave-left-left,lose-lost-lost,make-made-made,meet-met-met,feel-felt-felt
四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。
如:
五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。
如:
blow-blew-blown,draw-drew-drawn,grow-grew-grown,throw-threw-thrown,know-knew-known
六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。
如:
rise-rose-risen,give-gave-given,take-took-taken,fall-fell-fallen,drive-drove-driven,eat-ate-eaten
特殊:
write-wrote-written,speak-spoke-spoken,ride-rode-ridden,get-got-gotten
(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)规则变化
情况例词读音与说明
动词原形过去式过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-edlook
call
open
needlooked
called
opened
neededlooked[lukt]
called[kC:
ld]
opened[5EupEnd]
needed[ni:
did]①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写,为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-dmove
phone
fitstopped
planned
fittedstopped[stCpt]
planned[plAnd]
fitted[5fitid]
以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
再加-edprefer
referpreferred
referredpreferred[prI`f:
d]
referred[ri5fE:
]
2)不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
cut(切)
(赢)除)found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
wonfound
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
原形过去式过去分词
come(来)
run(跑)
become(成为)came
ran
becamecome
run
become
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
give(给)
fly(飞)
drink(喝)
see(看见)
go(去)
know(知道)
wear(穿)
speak(说)gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spokegiven
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例:
原形过去式过去分词
burn(燃烧)burned
burntburned
burnt
learn(学习)learned
learntlearned
learnt
smell(闻)smelled
smeltsmelled
smelt
spell(拼写)spelled
speltspelled
spelt
shine(照射)shined
shoneshined
shone
leap(跳)leaped
leaptleaped
leapt
提示
a.beat的过去式与原形同形:
比:
beat(打击)beat(过去式)beaten(过去分词)
b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:
lielied,lied(说谎)
lay,lain(躺,位于)
c.
forgetcutting[5kQtiN]
stopping[5stCpiN]
fitting[5fitiN]
beginning[bi5^iniN]forgetting[fE5^etiN]
以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-inglie
die
tielying[5laiiN]
dying[5daiiN]
tying[5taiiN
(三)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳
A.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----costcut----cut----cutput----put----put
let----let----letset----set----set躺下,位于,平放
eg.The’t_______eggsduringsuchcoldweather.
She_____thetable.____
B.过去式与过去分词完全相同
1.过去式和过去分词中含有ought,aught,读音是〔:
t〕
bright----brought----broughtthink----thought----thoughtbuy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caughtteach----taught----taught
2.动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。
get----got----gotsell----sold----soldtell----told----told
3.动词原形中i为a,…sit----sat----satspit----spat----spat
4.动词原形中i为o,…win----won----wonshine----shoneshined----shoneshined
5.动词原形中an为oo,…stand----stood---stoodunderstand----understood----understood
6.动词原形中的ay为ai,…say----said----saidpay----paid----paid
7.a)动词原形中的d为t,…send----sent----sentlend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spentbuild----built----built
b)动词原形最后一个字母改为t,…smell----smelt----smeltlose----lost----lost
c)动词原形后加一个字母t,…learn----learnt----learntmean----meant----meant读音e
d)动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e,然后在词尾加t.字母e发音e
feel----felt----feltsleep----slept----sleptsweep---swept----swept
keep----kept-----kept
其它meet----met----met----ran----runbecome----became----become
D.原形,过去式,和过去分词完全不同
1.把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.
begin----began-----begundrink---drank----drunkring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swumsing----sang----sung
2.把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.
blow----blew----blowngrow----grew----grownknow---knew---known
throw----threw----thrownfly----flewflu:
----flown(和以上相似)
3.以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.
a)把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.
drive----drove----drivenrise---rose---risenwrite---wrote---written(双写t)
ride----rode----ridden(双写d)
b)把动词原形中ea改为o,在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
speak----spoke----spokensteal----stole----stolenbreak----broke----broken
c)把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
wake----woke----wokenfreeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosenforget----forgot----forgotten(双写t,加en)
d)其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eatenbeat----beat----beatenfall----fell----fallen
give----gave----givensee----saw----seentake----took----taken
mistake----mistook-----mistaken(双写d)
E.没有过去分词的动词
can-----could-may----might-shall----should-will----would-
其它
am,is----was-----beenare-----were-----beendo-----did-----done
draw-----drew-----drawn:
go-----went-----goneshow----showed----shown
wear---wore----worn
不规则动词的过去式
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。
同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:
1.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。
过去分词不变.如:
become—became,come—came
2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam,sink—sank,
3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。
如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。
如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
6.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。
如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
7.改动词原形中的awow为ew,变成过去式。
如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。
如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。
如:
sell—sold,tell—told
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:
t〕的过去式。
如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。
如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。
如:
〔mi:
n〕—meant〔ment〕,dream—dreamt〔dremt〕
13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。
如:
cut—cut,—learntlearnedshine—shoneshined
smell—smeltsmelledwake—wokewaked
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。
如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,
feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,—ran,see—saw,smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,
wear—wore
经过这么一指点,相信大家很快就能把它们记下来,并且一定会有事半功倍的效果
动词过去式、过去分词不规则变化
AB型
cancouldshallshould
willwouldmaymight
AAA型
costcostcost
cutcutcut
ABA型
becomebecamebecome
comecamecome
runranrun
ABB型
bringbroughtbrought
buyboughtbought
thinkthoughtthought
catchcaughtcaught
teachtaughttaught
buildbuiltbuilt
lendlentlent
sendsentsent
spendspentspent
digdugdug
learntlearnt
meanmeantmeant
spoilspoiltspoilt
shineshoneshone
winwonwon
beganbegun
drinkdrankdrunk
ringrangrung
singsangsung
sinksanksunk
swimswamswum
blowblewblown
flyflewflown
growgrewgrown
knowknewknown
throwthrewthrown
drawdrewdrawn
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- 动词 过去式 过去 分词 不规则 变化