高中英语教学论文英语语法介词Preposition.docx
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高中英语教学论文英语语法介词Preposition.docx
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高中英语教学论文英语语法介词Preposition
英语语法----介词Preposition(Prep.)
一、定义:
用在n.(或相当于n.的其它词类、短语或从句)之前,说明其与句子中另一成分的关系的词,又称前置词。
二、分类:
3种
1.简单介词(SimplePrepositions)
e.g.about,above,behind,besides,down,during,in,near,round,since,towards,with
2.复合介词(CompoundPrepositions)
e.g.fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,inside,outside,within,without,into,onto,outof,upon,throughout
3.短语介词(PhrasalPrepositions)
e.g.accordingto,apartfrom(除……之外),asaresultof,asfor/to(至于,关于),
becauseof,dueto(由于),inadditionto(除……之外,不但=besides,infrontof,
inspiteof(尽管),insteadof,owingto(由于)
三、常见简单介词的基本用法
1.about1)关于,有关e.g.
Ihavenotheardsomuch~him.Idon’tknowwhatyou’retalking~.
2)差不多,大约e.g.
About500Ssattendedthelecture.Aboutwhenwillyougoabroad?
3)表示地点:
在周围,在附近,各处,到处e.g.
Treesareplanted~thelake.
Theylivesomewhere~thePeople’sSquare.
Don’tleaveyourbooks~yourdesk.Ihaven’tanysmallchange~/onme.
4)“即将”(近期将来)e.g.
Thefilmis~tobegin.It’snearly7:
00.Thetrainis~toleave.
2.above1)在……上方e.g.
Abirdisflyingabovethewoods.Thereisaportraitabovetheblackboard.
2)(在数量上)超过e.g.
Themanisnotyetforty,butwell~thirty.
ThenumberofnewSsthisyearis~fourhundred.
3)(能力等)胜过,超越;因太困难、太好而不……e.g.
Theproblemis~me.(这问题太难我不懂。
)
Johnis~alltheotherSsinmathematics.
3.across1)在……对面/对过e.g.
Myunclelives~myhome.Thereisabookshop~thestreet.
2)横越,横过e.g.
Thelittlegirlhelpedtheblindman~theriver.
Thetalltreefelldown~thestreet.
3)经过……e.g.
Therevolutiondevelopedacrossthewholecentury.
4.after1)在……后(时间)e.g.
Afterwork/class,wewenthomeexcepthim.
Theday~tomorrowwewillgotoShanghai.
2)在……的后面(顺序)e.g.
Pleaseshut/closethedoorafter/behindyou.
3)仿照,按照(引申意义)e.g.
Readafterme,please.Rewritethefollowingsentences~themodel.
Anewchurchwillbebuilt~theoldone.
4)追求(引申意义)e.g.
Whatareyouafter?
Oh,hereisthethingI’mafter.
Ifyourun~twohares,you’llcatchneither.
5)固定词组:
e.g.
afteralllookafter=takecareof
5.against1)靠,倚,碰e.g.
Therainwasbeating~thewindows.Heputtheladderagainstthewall.
Hewasleaning~thewindow,reading.Themansawaharerun~atree.
2)反对,禁止(引申意义)e.g.
Weareforpeaceand~war.Isthereanybody~thesuggestion?
3)违反,违背(引申意义)e.g.
Thissentenceis~grammar.
Intheolddaysgirlsweremarried~theirownwill.
Nobodyshoulddoanything~thelaw.
4)顶着,对着e.g.
Weplayedthefirsthalf(上半场)~thewind.
Learningislikesailingaboat~thecurrent(气流).
治学如同逆水行舟。
5)防备,准备(引申意义)e.g.
Theysavedfirewood(干柴)~winter.Manisfightingabattle~pollution.
6.along顺着,沿着e.g.
Treesareplanted~thestreet.
Walking~NanjingRoadyesterday,Imetanoldfriendofmine.
7.among在……当中/中间≥3e.g.
XiaoSunisthebestone~hisclassmates.Theteacherissitting~theSs.
8.around1)在……的周围,围绕e.g.
Shewearsanecklace/watch~herneck/wrist.
Theearthturns/goes/travels~thesun.
2)在……各处e.g.
Hedidalotoftravel~thecountryduringthesummerholidays.
WeshowedourJapanesefriends~ourschool.
3)大约(时间、数量)e.g.
around/aboutthirtyyearsoldAbigelephantmayweigh~fivetons.
4)在……那边e.g.
Thereisaschoolshop~theschoollibrary.
Aroundthecornerofthestreet,you’llseeasecond-handbookshop.
(旧书店)
9.at1)表示时间、地点、价钱、速度、年龄e.g.
atteno’clockattheschoolattheageof40
at(aspeedof)150kilometresanhour
Peopleliketobuyeggsfromhimbecausehesellsatalowerprice.
Note:
表示价格时,at须和price连用,如只说具体价钱,则用。
e.g.
Iboughtthisdictionaryfor60yuan.
2)表示动作之方向、目的:
朝,向e.g.
Hethrewastoneatadog.Thefoxranattheboy.
Heshotatthebird,butmissedit/didn’tshootit.
3)处于某种状态(引申意义)e.g.
Weareatmeeting.Thetwocountriesareatwar.
4)表示引起某种情绪的原因。
e.g.
Wearesurprisedatyoursuccess.Theyweresadathearingsuchbadnews.
5)在……号召,召集,请求下(引申意义)e.g.
Hewrotetheletteratourrequest.
InOctober1986,QueenElizabethIIoftheGreatBritainvisitedChinaat
theinvitationoftheChinesegovernment.
6)固定词组中:
e.g.
atfirst,atlast,at(the)most,at(the)least,atonce,atpresent,athome,
atnight,atthebeginning,atthesametime,notatalletc.
10.before1)在……的前面(位置)反义behinde.g.
Hewasstanding~theclass,readytospeak.
Neverputthecartbeforethehorse.不要本末倒置。
2)在……以前(时间)反义aftere.g.
Handinyourpaper~Sunday.Wegetup~sixeverymorning.
11.behind1)在……的后面(位置)e.g.
Thegarage(车库)is~thehouse.Hecameoutfrom~thedoor.
2)迟于,晚于,误时/点e.g.
Thetrainisbehindtime.
Theplanewastwohours~timebecauseofthestorm.
3)劣于,不如,落后e.g.
Myoldfatherisbehindthetimes.
Becauseofhisillness,heis~theothersinhisstudies.
12.below1)在……下面e.g.
Hisofficeisbelowmine.Thetemperaturetodayis~freezingpoint.
2)低于e.g.
Heisbelowmeintheclass.
13.beside1)在……的旁边e.g.
Hesatbesidemeatdinner.Thecity’slargeststadiumstands~alake.
2)相比(引申意义)e.g.
MyEnglishispoorbesideyours.
3)离题,与……无关e.g.
Thisis~thetopicfordiscussion.
Whatyouaretalkingaboutis~thepoint.
14.besides除……之外(还)e.g.
WeallwenttoBeijing~ourteacher.
Ilikemathematics,physics,besidesEnglish.
BesidesbeingthelargestcityinChina,Shanghaiisalsothecentreof
industry,education,scienceandculture.
Besides:
表示加法,“除了……还有……”
Except:
表示减法,“把……不算在其中”e.g.
Helikesdifferentkindsofsportsbesidesfootball.
Helikesdifferentkindsofsportsexceptfootball.
其它运动项目+足球≠足球不在内的多种不同运动项目
Note:
expectfor(除去部分与前面叙述内容不属于同一范畴)e.g.
Hiscompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.
(expectfor在意义上=exceptthat)
15.between1)在两者之间e.g.
Cometomyofficebetween10and11o’clock.
What’sthedifferencebetween“between”and“among”?
2)表示两者以上的相互关系e.g.
Aftertheyeachtouchedtheelephant,thesixblindmenquarreled
betweenthemselves.
Thereissomelittledifferencebetweenthethreewords.
Note:
between&amonge.g.
Thevillageliesbetweenthethreehills.TheteacherissittingamongtheSs.
16.beyond1)远在……之外e.g.
Theycamefrombeyondtheseas(海外).
Theaccidenthappenedbeyondthesquare.
Beyondthevillageisariver.村那面有条河.
2)超过,胜过,为……所不及e.g.
Thebookisbeyondme.这本书我看不懂。
17.but1)除了……之外(=except)e.g.
Theyalllikedthefilm~him.Noone~mewasintheofficejustnow.
Ihadnothingintheworldbutamillion-poundnote.
Thereisnothingforsupperbutsomenoodles.
Notes:
①butprep.常与否定词连用;②butprep.可跟不定式。
e.g.
Thehibernatinganimalshavenochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.
IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.
Ihadnothingtodo
如but前面有do或某种形式时,常省略to。
2)用于固定词组中。
e.g.
1cannothelpbutdo不能不…;忍不住…②anythingbut根本不,决不
2nothingbut只有,只不过是…④butfor要不是
Icouldnothelpbutcry.我忍不住哭了出来。
Myincomeisanythingbutlarge.我的收入绝对不能算多。
Sheisanythingbuthonest.她决非诚实之辈。
Thisisnothingbutajoke.
Butforthedoctor,Imighthavediedlongago.
18.by1)靠近,在……旁边e.g.
Thenewlibrarystandsbytheriver.Thereisatalltreebytheriver.
Hewasstandingbythewindow,reading.
2)由……旁边经过,路过,沿着e.g.
Igobyhisofficeeveryday.Hepassedbymewithoutsayingaword.
3)用……方法/手段e.g.
bybike,train,bus,plane,air,water,sea
Thelittlematchgirlearnedherlivingbysellingmatches.
Riceseedlings(稻秧)usedtobeplantedbyhand.
4)表示程度、尺寸、数量、时间e.g.
Heispaidbythehour.What’sthetimebyyourwatch?
Inthe100-metrerace,JohnbeatDickbyashoulder.
5)到……时候,不迟于e.g.
I’llreturnthebookstohimbyWednesdaymorning.
He’llcertainlycomeby5o’clock..
Bytheendoflastweek,wehadlearned15units.
6)依据,奉命e.g.
Neverjudgepeoplebytheirappearance/whattheywear.
7)组成介词短语e.g.
byandby(不久)onebyone(一个个地)
daybyday(天天不断地)stepbystep(一步步地)
sidebyside(肩并肩)littlebylittle(逐渐地)
bychance(偶然,碰巧)byheart(默记下来)
byoneself(独自地)bytheway(顺便提/问一下)
19.down1)往下e.g.
Theboyfelldownthestairsandbrokehisarm.
Itwasalmostdarkwhenhewentdownthehill.
2)updown
城市、北、河上游、近处乡村、南、河下游、远处e.g.
Theywereswimmingup/downtheriver.I’llgouptoTianjintomorrow.
Doyouseethemanwalkingdownthestreet?
He’smyuncle.
(并非路面此高彼低,而是那个人离说话人而去。
)
20.during在……的期间/时候e.g.
Thestoryhappened~the(American)CivilWar.
Duringtheday,thelightcomesinthroughthewindow.
LaoWangwasinchargeofthefactory~themanager’sabsence.
Gooveryourlessons~yourholidays.
21.except除……以外e.g.
WehavelessonsexceptSunday.
22.for1)为了(表示目的,指人、物)e.g.
Icamehereformypen.Whatareyoudoingthatfor?
Iboughtthewatchformywife’sbrotherasapresent.
2)赞成,支持(表示同意、愿望等)e.g.
Idon’tlikesummer,I’mforcoolweather.Weareforpeaceandagainstwar.
3)替,为,对于,供e.g.
Iwrotealetterforhim.(Iwrotealettertohim.是何义?
)
I’llreadthereportforyou.(I’llreadthereporttoyou.是何义?
)
That’llbebadforyourhealth.
4)就……而言e.g.
Youlookyoungforyourage.
Thetemperatureisstillabove33℃.It’scertainlyhotforSeptember.
5)表示目的:
去,向e.g.
Let’sgoforawalk/dinner.thetrainforTaiyuan
6)限定于,供……用的,给……的e.g.
Theseticketsarefortomorrow.
ThereisaTVset,atelephoneandothernecessities.Theyareallforyou.
7)当作,作为e.g.
Wetookhimforanhonestman.
8)由于,因为……的缘故e.g.
Hewassenttoprisonforstealing.
9)Itis/was+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.
23.from1)自从,来自e.g.
Iam(come)/was(came)fromWuhan.我是武汉人/我从武汉来。
Susancomesfromaworkingclassfamily.
2)离……(有多远)e.g.
Myofficeisfarfromhere.Theparkisjustfiveminutes’walkfromhere.
3)表示原因,来源e.g.
sufferfromdiefrom/of
4)固定词组中e.g.
⑴bemadefrom/of⑵fromthe(very)beginning
⑶frombegi
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