中考英语短文填空解题技巧讲解.docx
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中考英语短文填空解题技巧讲解.docx
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中考英语短文填空解题技巧讲解
中考英语短文填空解题技巧讲解
一、考点分析
1.主要考察学生对词汇的变形拓展运用。
2.考察学生对前后句的逻辑理解。
3.需要学生熟悉常考重点词汇及其变形。
二、专题详解
(一)通过标志词判断词形
1.冠词、名词类art.+____n.____
此结构的特点是冠词后少空,而后又没有名词,那么所填空常为名词。
abookanhourthepolicemen
Thisisabook.Ineedanhour.
练习
1.However,oneofthe____nearmyhouseseemstousemoreofthesebagsthanevebefore.(shop)
拓展art.+____adj.____+n.
此结构的特点是冠词后少空,后面再接一个名词,这种情况下空里常填的词语有形容词(最高级)、序数词、名词所有格。
1.thebeautifulgirlthefirstpersontheTeachers’Day
2.Sheisthefirstpersontofinishthistask.
3.What'stherealmeaningoftheword"peace"?
The_____storymaytellussomethingaboutit.(follow)
opportunityuseachievemejobquiet
successfultowardspreparetreatcaredifference
4.The________person,ontheotherhand,workslittleandjustwaittoseethempassby.
练习
1.Beforethebeginningofeverylecture,Ifoundan____5____phenomenon(现象).(interest)
2.Therewasonceakingwhoofferedanawardtoanartistwhocouldpaintthe_______pictureofpeace.(good)
延伸:
____仅用一个词修饰____+n.
此结构的特点是名词前仅有一个词语修饰,此空经常的填法有形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词单数。
例
1.mybook2.theiradvice3.thisboy
4.Iwanttoheartheiradvice.
5.Shemetthisboythreeyearsago.
拓展:
如果adj.修饰复合不定代词,则必须为后置修饰。
即复合不定代词+adj.
Would you think they were laughing at something____that one of them said?
(fun)
练习
somebody feel day successfully lie you
pleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrass
1.AlthoughEiffeldesignedthetowerforpeopletovisit,itwasalsofor_________use.(science
2.Youmightthinkof11,orsome_____characterslike“二”or“十”!
2.系动词类。
系动词+adj.
中考12选10中常考的系动词包括look,feel,get,be这四类,系动词+adj.是常考考法。
例
1.looktiredgetexcited
2.IfeelrelaxedwhenI’mwithmyfamily.
3.Thisdidnotlook______atall.(peace)
4.Afterwehadtravelledforabouttwentymiles,therewasstillnosignofthetownwhichwasmarkedonthemap,wewerebeginningtoget________.(worry)
understandhappystopcarehethinkfootworrylookgoodfeelbut
5.Hedecidednotgohomeatonce,ifhelooked_____,hisotherwouldnotice.
somebody feel day successfully lie youpleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrass
“Let’splayahoaxontheman,wehidehisshoes,hideourselvesandwaittoseehowembarrassedhewouldbewhenfindsthathisshoesare_____.
拓展:
be动词后常跟adj.,但也存在be+n./pron./adv.做表语的情况;
“ItoldhimSpidermanis_____tosavehim.Noonewillhurthimnow,”Mr.Smithsaid.(here)
3.介词
此结构的特点是介词后填空,基本结构为prep.+_____n./pron./v-ing____
12选10常考介词有of,in,with,like等。
例
1.Sheisfondofswimming.2.Mikedoeswellinmath.
3.SheincludedherChineseaddressintheletterinthehopeof_____areply.(receive)
4.After_________aconversationbetweentheboy’smotherandhisteachersabouthisloveofsuperheroes,Mr.SmithhurriedhometogethisSpidermanclothes.(hear)
拓展:
在n./pron.+ofn./pron.即介词of前是名或代词,of后也应该填名词或者代词
练习
1.You are all looking at each other's tea cups and________of you even envy (羡慕) thefiner(比较级) cups of others.(any)
(二)通过结构判断词形
1.句子prep.或todo+n.或名词短语/pron.
此句式的特点是:
一个句子之后有一个空,空后跟有人称代词宾格或名词(短语),则空格处应填一个介词或不定式。
例
1.Theoldmantoldthechildrenthathewouldgivethem25centseachweek______themplayfootballinthestreetatnight.(see)
everuseafterholdItalianwoman
onfinaltwoshetakeskating
2.Hervictory(胜利)came______yearsoftrailfollowingthe2010Games.
练习
complainbossgoalmerichwinner
wherebutfailquiethighwithout
1.Ifyouwanttostandoutamongpeople,therearenootherchoices______hardwork.
fightpollutewholeeasykillserious
fewlittlebecomelonguseonly
2.Manycountrieshavemaderules______pollution.
2.句子todo+介词短语
此句式特点是:
一个句子之后有一个空,空后跟着介词短语,则空格处只能填入不定式,此句式,填入动词受空后介词的约束。
练习
photowithworldwhyfulldidn’t
tourfeedtouchhowswimmemorize
Youdon’thavetotravelfar______withadolphin.Dolphinswimsarenowpossibleintouristareasandincites.
3.句子反身代词或反身代词句子
此结构成立的条件是:
1)句子主干成分完整;
2)空格前紧挨着pron./n.,则空格处填入反身代词表强调;
例
Ifyoureallywanttoplayforthescholarshipofagoodcollege,nothingbutyou______canstopyourdream.(you)
练习
1.Afterreadingthestory,wecanunderstandthatwhenwereceiveachocolateasagiftfromachild,wegetmorethanthechocolate.(it)
2.Thentheystartoffonthejourney.Theweatherwashotbuttheplanwentwellwiththetravelerridingonthedonkeyandtheowner______followingbehind.(him)
hebuildruneasygetstand
visitinventsayscienceFrancewhich
3.It'sinterestingthatEiffel______livedinthetowerwherehehadhisownapartment.
4..itis+adj./n.+(forsb)todosth
此句型特点是:
itis后面跟adj.或n.或名词短语,中间的forsomebody可省略,则空格处填入不定式。
例
Isitnecessary______somanybags?
(use)
练习
1.Ifeachofthequestionsinamathtesthadmorethanoneanswer,itwouldbequiteaproblemforteachers______.(check)
2.Iwouldliketohavefriendswhoarelikeme.Itisnecessary______thesame.Allmyfriendsarefunnyandoutgoing.(be)
5.______and______
此句式的特点是:
空格出现在and的左边或右边,则and左或右填的词,词性和词形要保持一致。
例
1.Weshouldremindourselvesandteachourchildrenaboutthebeautyoffeelingsand______ofgratitude.(feel)
2.Hesadlywalkedawayand_____howtotellhismotheraboutit.(think)
练习
talkclearriverpastwashboy
neverithavestrangesomethingstrange
1.Oneday,wehadsupperearly.Weweresittingroundthefire,eatingand______,whenamanwalkedpastandwentdowntowardstheriver.
6.句子,v.-ing+adv/n./pron./介词短语或v.-ing+adv/n./pron./介词短语,句子
此句式的特点是:
一个句子之后,跟着一个逗号,逗号之后有一个空格,空格后跟着adv/n./pron./介词短语,则该空填入V.-ing形式;反之,若空格+adv/n./pron./介词短语+逗号+句子,则空格处填入V.-ing形式。
例
Sometimes,however,Irecceiveagift,______meofthegiftsinmylife.(remind)
练习
1.______down,hefeltsorryforhimself.(look)
]allanybehavedifferencedrinkeat
enjoyfinelookrealsurprisethese
3.Oncetherewasateacherwhotookallhisstudentsfortea.Whatmadethestudentssurprisedwasthatallthecupsonthetableweredifferent.Eachofthemtookacupandstarteddrinkingtheirowntea,______attheothers’cups.
(三)辨析易混淆结构
在以上的很多固定结构中,有很多形似分不清,理还乱的句型公式,以致于造成分不清用不来的尴尬局面,为此我们深入研究和详细解释公式中易混淆的结构。
1.句子①;句①子;①,句子VS②句子,句子;句子,②句子
则①=adv.②=conj.
例 __adv.___ theystartlaughing;Theystartlaughing__adv.___;They__adv.___startlaughing.
VSKidsmaylikesomesports__conj.____theyseehowpeopledothem.
__conj.____theyseehowpeopledothem,kidsmaylikesomesports.
解析adv.为一个句子中的修饰词,去掉该词后整个句子在语法上是正确的;conj.是用来连接两个句子的,去掉之后两个句子在语法上不正确。
例olderpeopleoftenteachproverbstoyoungerpeople.
练习
exceptsometimesbloomniceshowerflower
visitifsometimeweatherimportantgo
1._____youarevisitingtheseyears,youneedtoknowaboutit.
wantoninsteadagreepart-timebut
spendinuntilthousandmakestudy
2._____,theyreceivemoneyfromtheirparents.
feellikeexamusefacebe
tellspeaknecessarysomethingasalthough
3._____hestillisn’tathisoriginal(原来的)level,Lindoesn’tfearanyone.
2.句子①n./pron.VS②句子,句子;句子,②句子
则①=prep.,②=conj.
例Hewasborn__prep.___arms.VSKidsmaylikesomesports__conj.____theyseehowpeopledothem;__conj.____theyseehowpeopledothem,kidsmaylikesomesports.
解析prep.用来连接一个句子和名词,conj.用来连接两个句子。
例:
Thesoldierstookeveryyoungmanexceptthefarmer’sson.
ThenewshasexcitedmanyyoungChinese,asitisChina’sfirststealthfighter.
练习
ascloseendgetfamilylarge
lastoverperformancesaytraditionbetween
1.Theprogramhasreceivedlargeaudiences(观众),whichhavegrowngreatly_____years.
followhardnowinterestjustsomeone
everyonedootherthanfirstwhat
1.Misunderstandingshappenifwedon’tsaycorrectly_____wemean.
三、课堂练习
综合应用固定结构判断词形
angrywellsongalsorelaxthink
cleanwhenfingermedicinetheywhile
Iamadoctor.Peopleoftencometoseemebecausetheyhavecoldsorcoughs.People
____1____cometoseemebecausetheyaresadornervous.Sometimes___medicine___helps.Butmanydoctors____thought___thatmusiccanhelppeoplefeelbetter.Iaskedafewofmypatients(病人)howmusichelpedthem.
“SometimesIwas____4____whenIwasachild.Myfamilysaid,“Playyourfeelingsonthepiano!
”SometimesIplayaloud____5____onthepiano.SoonIfeelcalm(平静的).Icanlaughandcrythroughmy____6____onthepiano.It’snaturalforme.“It’slikebreathing(呼吸).”
“Listeningtomusichelpsmefeel____7_____.IliketolistentomusicanddancewhenI___amcleaningmyhouse.”
“Iplaytheviolin.Ilikeplayingatnight____9____itisquiet.AfterplayingIamtiredandIamhappy.Ialwayssleep____better____afterplayingmyviolin.”
Areyouamusician?
Good!
Keepplaying.Ifyouarenotamusician,listentomusicandsingordance.It’sgoodmedicine.
解析
1.满足句adv.子的结构。
缺副词,从12个备选词中筛选出副词和潜力副词,再根据意思,最终锁定also.
4.满足系动词+adj.的结构,标志词是系动词be,缺adj.再结合意思,angry.
5.满足art.+adj.+n.的结构,筛选出名词song.
6.形容词性物主代词+n.结构,筛选出名词fingers.
7.满足系动词+adj.的结构,标志词是系动词,选形容词,结合意思,对relax适当变形,relaxed.
9.满足句子(,)②句子的结构,选用conj.when.
练习
agelifeasimpresssomewhereone
gowearbegincommonbecomecross
T-shirtis1.______appearedatthe__2__ofthe20th century.Intheearly1900s,theywerewornbysailorsintheAmericannavyundertheiruniforms.Overthenextfewdecadesmorepeoplebegantowearthem.In1951,peoplewereimpressedde
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