大学英语四级级阅读理解每日一练.docx
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大学英语四级级阅读理解每日一练.docx
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大学英语四级级阅读理解每日一练
大学英语四级级阅读理解每日一练
一Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeoplesphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.WhatarepositiveionsWell,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibres,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens. Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia. Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls. Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionisers:
smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationisersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.1.WhateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeopleA.Theythinktheyareinsane. B.Theyfeelratherbad-temperedandshort-fussed. C.Theybecomeviolentlysick. D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby___.A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods. B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials. C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings. D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer.3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound___.A.nearapoundwithawaterpump. B.closetoaslow-flowingriver. C.highinsomebarrenmountains. D.byarotatingwatersprinkler.4.WhatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoorsA.Ionisers. B.Air-conditioners. C.Exhaust-fans D.Vacuumpumps.5.Somescientistsbelievethat___.A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismography.B.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbetrusted.C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliable.D.earthquake答案:
BCDAA二Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheofficeSurprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustryUnfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!
Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984)。
Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionosexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueA.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.B.Traverllingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause____.A.theyareveryrareB.theyoftencauselossoflifeC.theyalwaysoccurinbigcitiesD.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat____.A.TexascityB.FlixboroughC.SevesoD.MexicoCity4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof____.A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfireB.fertilizer,whichcantbestoredinagreatquantityC.poisonoussubstance,whichcantbeusedinovercrowdedareasD.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemaycocludethat____.A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustryB.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustryC.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentakenD.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe答案:
DBABC三Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaidthewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedontalwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.SometimesourwordsdontmeananythingexceptImlettingoffsomesteam.IdontreallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatImsaying.JustpayattentiontowhatImfeeling.Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,ThisstephastobefixedbeforeIllbuy.Theownersays,Itsbeenlikethatforyears.Actually,thestephasntbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:
Idontwanttofixit.Weputupwithit.WhycantyouThesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedofexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriendsunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosaysNo!
toaserialsofchargeslikeYouredumb,Yourelazy,andYouredishonest,mayalsosayNo!
andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementisAndyouregoodlooking.Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.1.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if___.A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas.B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings.C.theytrytounderstandeachothersideasbeyondwords.D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords.2.Imlettingoffsomesteaminparagraph1means___.A.Imjustcallingyourattention.B.Imjustkidding.C.Imjustsayingtheopposite.D.Imjustgivingoffsomesound.3.Thehouse-ownersexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans___.A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears.B.hedoesntthinkitnecessarytofixthestep.C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault.D.t
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