济南市中考英语英语阅读理解试题及答案.docx
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济南市中考英语英语阅读理解试题及答案.docx
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济南市中考英语英语阅读理解试题及答案
济南市中考英语英语阅读理解试题(及答案)
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读理解
Oldagemaynotsoundexciting.Butrecentfindingsoffergoodnewsforolderpeopleandforpeopleworriedaboutgettingolder.Researchersfoundthatpeoplebecomehappierandexperiencelessworryaftertheyreachtheageof50.Infact,theysaybytheageof85,peoplearehappierwiththeirlifethantheywerewhentheywere18yearsold.
Thefindingscamefromasurveyofmorethan340,000adultsintheUnitedStates.TheGallupOrganizationquestionedthembytelephone.Atthattime,thepeoplewerebetweentheagesof18and85.Theresearchersaskedquestionsaboutemotions,likehappiness,sadnessandworry.Theyalsoaskedaboutmental(气质)oremotionalstress.
ArthurStoneintheDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralScienceatStonyBrookUniversityinNewYorkledthestudy.Histeamfoundthatlevelsofstresswerehighestamongadultsbetweentheagesof24and25.Thefindingsshowedthatstresslevelsdroppedsharplyafterpeoplereachedtheirfifties.
Thestudyalsoshowedthatmenandwomenhavesimilarfeelingpatternsastheygrowolder.However,womenatallagesreportedmoresadness,stressandworrythanmen.
Researcherssaytheydonotknowwhyhappinessincreasesaspeoplegetolder.Onetheoryisthat,aspeoplegrowolder,theygrowmorethankfulforwhattheyhaveandhavebettercontroloftheirfeelings.Sotheyspendlesstimethinkingaboutbadexperiences.
ProfessorStonesaystheemotionalpatternscouldbeconnectedwithchangesinhowpeopleseetheworld,ormaybeevenchangesinbrainchemistry.
Theresearchersalsoconsideredpossibleinfluenceslikehavingyoungchildren,beingunemployed(被解雇)orbeingsingle.Buttheyfoundthatinfluenceslikethesedidnotaffect(影响)thelevelsofhappiness.
(1)Whowouldprobablyshowthegreatestinterestinthepassage?
A. Thosewhoareworriedaboutgettingold.
B. Thosewhoaresingleandunemployed.
C. Thosewhofeelunhappyallthetime.
D. Thosewhosufferfrommentalstress.
(2)Whenmaypeoplehavethehighestlevelofstress?
A. Attheageof20.
B. Attheageof25.
C. Attheageof35.
D. Attheageof40.
(3)AccordingtoArthurStone'sidea,oldpeoplemay .
A. controltheirbehaviorsbetter
B. knowhowtospendmoneywisely
C. dreamaboutgoodthingseveryday
D. haveapositiveattitudetowardstheirlife
(4)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?
A. TheYounger,theHappier
B. TheYoungAreHappierthantheOld
C. GettingOlderMeansGettingHappier
D. WomenAreEasiertoBeHappyinLife
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
重点介绍的是老年人的幸福感问题,作者通过一个调查研究告诉我们随着年龄的增长,人们的幸福感会越来越强。
(1)细节理解题。
根据文中的语句 Butrecentfindingsoffergoodnewsforolderpeopleandforpeopleworriedaboutgettingolder.理解可知,对于老年人来说,或是担心年龄增长的人来说是个好消息,所以他们会感兴趣,故选A。
(2)细节理解题。
根据文中第三段Histeamfoundthatlevelsofstresswerehighestamongadultsbetweentheagesof24and25.描述可知,24与25的年轻人的压力最大,故选B。
(3)细节理解题。
根据文中语句aspeoplegrowolder,theygrowmorethankfulforwhattheyhaveandhavebettercontroloftheirfeelings.Sotheyspendlesstimethinkingaboutbadexperiences.可知,随着年龄的增长,人们的幸福感越来越强,对生活的态度越来越积极。
故选D。
(4)标题理解归纳题。
通读全文可知,这篇短文的中心就是越老生活越满足,幸福指数越高,变老意味着变得更幸福。
故选C。
【点评】本文浅显易懂,层次分明,很容易把握文章中心内容。
答题中注意带着问题阅读短文,一般就能顺利找出答题依据。
对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文,根据短文中心总结出正确答案。
2.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
AsDecembercomestoanend,youthinkaboutthenewyearandallthewaysyouwanttoimproveyourlife.Butasyoustarttowritedownyourhopesforthenewyear,youthinkaboutthelastyear.Youexcitedlywritedownallthechangesyouaregoingtomake,butbytheendofJanuarythoseideasgetlostinyourbusylife.
Here'sasuggestion:
Forgetthetoobig,hardtoachievegoalsandjustthinkaboutthesmallones.“Weoftenthinkthatwehavetodoeverythinginbigsteps,eventhoughit'ssohardforustoreachit,saidRobertMaurer,whorecentlywrotethebookOneSmallStepCanChangeYourLife.“Whatwetrytodoistobeginwithsuchasmallstepthatwecan'tfindanyexcusenottodoit.”
“Kaizen”,aJapaneseword,isusedtomeantochangebehaviorandattitudes.DuringWorldWarⅡ,Americanfactorymanagerswereabletoincreaseproductivitybytryingsmall,continuousimprovementsinsteadofsuddenchanges.Afterthewar,theideawasbroughttoarebuildingJapan.ItmadeJapandevelopfast.TheJapanesecalledit“Kaizen”,whichmeans“improvement”.
Maurerstudiedtheideaanddidsomeexperimentswithit.“Kaizen”couldpossiblyhelppeoplesucceedindoingeverything.
(1)RobertMaurerwroteabooktotellus______.
A. weshoulddoeverythinginbigsteps B. howtochangeone'slifewithonesmallstep
C. weshouldtryalotofsuddenchanges
D. howtofindasmallstepwithoutanyexcuse
(2)Theunderlinedpart“increaseproductivity”inthepassagemeans“______”.
A. 提高生产率
B. 增加成本
C. 增加出口量
D. 提高待遇
(3)Thewriterofthepassagesuggestsweshould______.
A. makechangesattheendoftheyear
B. dofewexperimentswith“Kaizen”
C. dothingswithhardtoachievegoals
D. takeatinysteptoachievebiggoals
(4)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEfromthepassage?
A. Youcanachieveyourgoalsifyouarenottoobusy.
B. RobertMaurerstudied“kaizen”andfoundithelpful.
C. Youcan'tfindanyexcusenottoreachabiggoal.
D. “Kaizen”wasbroughttoJapanduringWorldWarⅡ.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了应忘记太大的、难以实现的目标,只想想小的目标,一步步地去实现它。
(1)B细节理解题。
根据whorecentlywrotethebookOneSmallStepCanChangeYourLife(最近写了一本书《一小步可以改变你的生活》)可知,故选B
(2)A细节理解题。
根据bytryingsmall,continuousimprovementsinsteadofsuddenchanges(通过尝试一个小的、持续的进步来代替突然地改变)可知,选A
(3)D细节理解题。
根据Forgetthetoobig,hard-to-achievegoalsandjustthinkaboutthesmallones(忘记太大的、难以实现的目标,只想想小的)可知,本题选D
(4)B细节理解题。
根据Maurerstudiedtheideaanddidsomeexperimentswithit(莫勒学习了这个主意,然后做了一些实验)可知,本题选B
【点评】本文属于议论文,阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点,然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析,最后得出了什么样的结论,理清了线索,理解文章就不是问题。
看题时注意确定关键词,然后在文章中定位,找到与选项一致的内容,就可以轻松的确定答案。
3.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的几个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Whatsubjectdoyouworryaboutthemostatschool?
Manystudentsworryaboutmath.Somestudentscan'tsleepwellthedaybeforeamathexam.Othersmayfeelverynervousduringtheexamitself.Buttheremightbeawaytomakethesubjectlessstressful(压力大的).
"Forpeoplewhoareworriedaboutmath,posture(姿势)makesabigdifference,"ErikPaperfromSanFranciscoStateUniversitytoldtheDailyMail.That'sright–sittingupstraightcanhelpyoudobetteronmathexams.
Scientiststested125collegestudents.Theyaskedthemtodoasimplemathexamwhilesittinginaslumped-over(趴倒的)posture,orsittingupstraight.Afterthetest,56percentofstudentssaidtheexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight.
Slumpingoverisadefensive(戒备的)posture.Itcanbringaboutbadmemoriesinthebodyandbrain.Thiscanstopyoufromthinkingclearly,Papersaid.
Studentswhowerenotnervousabouttakingthemathexamdidnotnecessarilybenefit(受益)frombetterposture.Buttheydidfindthatdoingmathwhileslumpedoverwasmoredifficult,ScienceDailyreported.
Goodpostureisn'tjusthelpfulfortakingmathexams.Sportspeople,musiciansandpublicspeakerscanallbenefitfrombetterposture.Whenyoufeelstressedout,youcanalsotrytositupstraightorstandtall.Itcanhelpyoufeelmorecertainandfocusbetter.
(1)Whatposturecanmakepeoplefeellessstressedduringmathexams?
A. Sittingupstraight.
B. Hangingyourhead.
C. Lyingonyourback. D. Raisingonehand.
(2)Whatdidthescientistsaskthecollegestudentstododuringthetest?
A. Todosit-ups.
B. Tocountnumbers.
C. Tothinkcarefully.
D. Tositindifferentpostures.
(3)Howmanystudentsinthetestbenefitedfromthebetterposture?
A. Allthe125students.
B. Lessthanhalfofthem.
C. 56percentofthem. D. Noneofthestudents.
(4)Thefourthparagraphiswrittentoexplain .
A. whyslumpingovermakesexamshardertodo
B. whyslumpingoverisbadforone'shealth
C. whysomepeopleslumpoverduringexams
D. whypeoplearenervousduringmathexams
(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A. SlumpovertoTakeExams
B. SituptoDoMath
C. BetterPostureforNervousStudents D. GoodAdviceforBetterExams
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
(5)B
【解析】【分析】本文介绍 姿势不仅有助于参加数学考试。
运动员、音乐家和演说家都可以从更好的姿势中受益。
当你感到压力大的时候,你也可以试着坐直或者站直。
它可以帮助你更确定,更专注。
(1)细节题。
根据Forpeoplewhoareworriedaboutmath,posture(姿势)makesabigdifference和That'sright–sittingupstraightcanhelpyoudobetteronmathexams.可知坐直可以让人们在数学考试中感觉压力更小,故选A。
(2)推理题。
根据Theyaskedthemtodoasimplemathexamwhilesittinginaslumped-over(趴倒的)posture,orsittingupstraight. 可知科学家在测试中要求大学生以不同的姿势坐着,故选D。
(3)细节题。
根据Afterthetest,56percentofstudentssaidtheexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight可知56%的参加测试的学生从更好的姿势中受益,故选C。
(4)主旨题。
根据 Slumpingoverisadefensive(戒备的)posture.Itcanbringaboutbadmemoriesinthebodyandbrain.Thiscanstopyoufromthinkingclearly,可知第四段是用来解释为什么睡懒觉会让考试变得更难,故选A。
(5)主旨题。
根据本文教室里姿势有助于参加数学考试和theexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight,可知标题适合是 SituptoDoMath坐起来做数学,故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题,和主旨题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息,主旨题需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出中心思想。
4.阅读
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